Role of combined hystero-laparoscopy in the evaluation of female infertility as one step procedure: a retrospective analytical study of 250 patients

Background: Infertility is defined as a failure of a couple to conceive after having regular, unprotected sexual intercourse for one year. To determine the role of combined hystero-laparoscopy in the evaluation of female infertility patients with no significant clinical/ ultrasonography findings and to calculate the incidence of various pathological conditions in the female reproductive tract leading to infertility.Methods: This retrospective analytical study was done in 250 patients with primary and secondary infertility. It was conducted at our hospital from December 2014 to November 2015. We assessed the role of combined hystero-laparoscopy female infertility patients with no significant clinical/ ultrasonography findings and calculated the incidence of various pathological conditions in the female reproductive tract leading to infertility.Results: Out of 250 patients, 165 had primary and 85 had secondary infertility. The patients in secondary infertility group were older compared to primary group. The most common intrauterine pathology in both the groups was uterine septum. Next most common intrauterine lesion was endometrial polyp. Adnexal adhesions and endometriosis were the most common abnormalities detected in laparoscopy in both groups. The prevalence of unilateral and bilateral tubal block was almost equal in both groups. The operative interventions, both hysteroscopic and laparoscopic were also noted.Conclusions: Combined hystero-laparoscopy is a safe, effective and reliable method in comprehensive evaluation of female infertility. It is a very useful tool in detecting the correctable missed pelvic abnormalities in patients with the normal ovulation and semen analysis. It will also help us to take decision regarding the need for ART in required patients, thus avoiding further emotional and financial trauma to the couples

An infected urachal cyst is a rare differential diagnosis for an acute abdomen in adult female: a case report

An infected urachal cyst is one of a spectrum of presentations of urachal pathology, all of which are rare in adulthood. Patients tend to present in a heterogeneous fashion, making diagnosis difficult. A 45-year old lady presented with sudden onset of lower abdominal pain and fever since 10 days. There was tenderness and focal rigidity in the right iliac fossa. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed suprapubic collection with mixed echogenecity. On diagnostic laparoscopy; urachal abscess was confirmed and excised. Urachal disease is usually detected in infancy and childhood. Infection is the usual mode of presentation amongst adults otherwise the condition usually remains asymptomatic. Diagnosis is often made after exploratory laparotomy or laparoscopy. Ultimately, surgical intervention is the treatment of choice. Complete excision is important because malignant degeneration of the remnant is possible. In cases where a pre-operative diagnosis has been made, a staged approach with antibiotics followed by surgery has been recommended

Laparoscopic 5-mm port site hernia: a rare but preventable complication of laparoscopy

The port site hernia (PSH) is a rare but potentially dangerous complication of laparoscopic surgery ranging from early small omental herniation to delayed hernia formation with or without bowel entrapment. Though 5 mm PSH is a rarer entity compared to 10 mm PSH, it is a completely preventable cause of morbidity. The aim of this article is to emphasize the importance of fascial closure of trocar site including peritoneum in order to significantly reduce postoperative morbidity as well as to know the importance of early diagnosis to avoid serious subsequent events, in all 10 mm or larger ports and a few exceptional cases of 5 mm ports also

Iatrogenic parasitic myomas following uterus removal: a preventable entity

Increasing trend of iatrogenic parasitic myomas has compelled us to review about preventive measures to tackle this menace. We are sharing our experience of two unique cases of parasitic myomas. Even though it is not completely preventable, strategic steps will definitely reduce the incidence and severity. With increased magnification and access to the entire abdominopelvic cavity, a laparoscopic view may be more beneficial for diagnosis of unknown or unsuspected masses as well as prevention

An uncommon entity of primary ovarian fibroid: a case report

Ovarian fibroid is a rare solid benign tumor that accounts for 0.5 to 1% of all benign ovarian tumors and approximately 70 cases have been reported in literature till date. Most of these tumors are unilateral, small in size and generally occur in premenopausal women. It is usually diagnosed incidentally during pelvic examination or pathological examination after surgery. The origin of ovarian fibroid is still unresolved. We here in present a case of 31-year-old woman with primary infertility diagnosed to have right primary ovarian fibroid with an endometriotic cyst in the same ovary presenting with pain abdomen. She underwent laparoscopic tumor resection with cystectomy. Ovarian fibroid was confirmed by immunohistochemical study. Despite its rarity, ovarian fibroid should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ovarian spindle cell tumors. This is a rare case of primary ovarian fibroid with review of literature, especially highlighting the need for conservative ovary-preserving surgery in reproductive age group women

A novel surface modification approach for protein and cell microarrays

Bellingham, WA, US

Microfluidic-assisted synthesis of metal—organic framework —alginate micro-particles for sustained drug delivery

Drug delivery systems (DDS) are continuously being explored since humans are facing more numerous complicated diseases than ever before. These systems can preserve the drug’s functionality and improve its efficacy until the drug is delivered to a specific site within the body. One of the least used materials for this purpose are metal—organic frameworks (MOFs). MOFs possess many properties, including their high surface area and the possibility for the addition of functional surface moieties, that make them ideal drug delivery vehicles. Such properties can be further improved by combining different materials (such as metals or ligands) and utilizing various synthesis techniques. In this work, the microfluidic technique is used to synthesize Zeolitic Imidazole Framework-67 (ZIF-67) containing cobalt ions as well as its bimetallic variant with cobalt and zinc as ZnZIF-67 to be subsequently loaded with diclofenac sodium and incorporated into sodium alginate beads for sustained drug delivery. This study shows the utilization of a microfluidic approach to synthesize MOF variants. Furthermore, these MOFs were incorporated into a biopolymer (sodium alginate) to produce a reliable DDS which can perform sustained drug releases for up to 6 days (for 90% of the full amount released), whereas MOFs without the biopolymer showed sudden release within the first day.Department of Science and Technology (DST), India | Ref. DST/BDTD/EAG/2019Department of Science and Technology (DST), India | Ref. DST/TDT/DDP-31/2021Vision Group for Science and Technology (VGST), India | Ref. VGST/K-FISTL1/GRD No. 1053/2021-22Jain University, Minor Project | Ref. JU/MRP/Uni/3/202

Current Trends in Nanoporous Anodized Alumina Platforms for Biosensing Applications

Pristine aluminum (Al) has received great deal of attention on fabrication of nanoporous anodized alumina (NAA) with arrays of nanosized uniform pores with controllable pore sizes and lengths by the anodization process. There are many applications of NAA in the field of biosensors due to its numerous key factors such as ease of fabrication, high surface area, chemical stability and detection of biomolecules through bioconjugation of active molecules, its rapidness, and real-time monitoring. Herein, we reviewed the recent trends on the fabrication of NAA for high sensitive biosensor platforms like bare sensors, gold coated sensors, multilayer sensors, and microfluidic device supported sensors for the detection of various biomolecules. In addition, we have discussed the future prospectus about the improvement of NAA based biosensors for the detection of biomolecules

High throughput methods applied in biomaterial development and discovery

The high throughput discovery of new materials can be achieved by rapidly screening many different materials synthesised by a combinatorial approach to identify the optimal material that fulfils a particular biomedical application. Here we review the literature in this area and conclude that for polymers, this process is best achieved in a microarray format, which enable thousands of cell-material interactions to be monitored on a single chip. Polymer microarrays can be formed by printing pre-synthesised polymers or by printing monomers onto the chip where on-slide polymerisation is initiated. The surface properties of the material can be analysed and correlated to the biological performance using high throughput surface analysis, including time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and water contact angle (WCA) measurements. This approach enables the surface properties responsible for the success of a material to be understood, which in turn provides the foundations of future material design. The high throughput discovery of materials using polymer microarrays has been explored for many cell-based applications including the isolation of specific cells from heterogeneous populations, the attachment and differentiation of stem cells and the controlled transfection of cells. Further development of polymerisation techniques and high throughput biological assays amenable to the polymer microarray format will broaden the combinatorial space and biological phenomenon that polymer microarrays can explore, and increase their efficacy. This will, in turn, result in the discovery of optimised polymeric materials for many biomaterial applications