31 research outputs found
Reakcja szałwii błyszczącej i słonecznika zwyczajnego na zasolenie solami sodu
Zbadano reakcje wybranych roślin ozdobnych na podwyższoną zawartość sodu
w podłożu. Do badań wykorzystano dwa gatunki roślin ozdobnych – szałwię błyszczącą (Salvia
splendens Buc’hoz x Etl.) ‘Scarlet Piccolo’ oraz słonecznika zwyczajnego Helianthus annuus L.
‘Teddy Bear’. Rośliny uprawiano w zwapnowanym torfie wysokim wzbogaconym makroi
mikroskładnikami. Zróżnicowanie zawartości sodu uzyskano, stosując dwie sole sodu
(NaCl i Na2SO4) w dawkach odpowiadających po przeliczeniu 0–500 mg Na ⋅ dm–3. Zmiany
właściwości chemicznych podłoża spowodowały zaburzenia gospodarki mineralnej roślin.
Niezależnie od zastosowanej soli sodu wzrastająca zawartość Na miała negatywny wpływ na
badane cechy morfologiczne roślin Salvia speldens. Badania wykazały, że słonecznik był
bardziej tolerancyjny – negatywny wpływ zastosowanych soli sodu w przypadku tego gatunku
nie zawsze był statystycznie udowodniony. Wyraźne obniżenie zawartości chlorofilu
zaobserwowano jedynie w liściach szałwii. Bardziej niekorzystny wpływ na wartość ozdobną
szałwii (wysokość i średnicę roślin mierzoną w połowie pędu głównego) i słonecznika (średnicę
kwiatostanu) miał chlorek sodu.The aim of the presented study was to evaluate the response of scarlet sage and
common sunflower to an increasing sodium content in the substrate. The experiment was
conducted on plants of Salvia splendens Buc’hoz x Etl. ‘Scarlet Piccolo’ and Helianthus annuus L.
‘Teddy Bear’. Plants were planted in pots filled with limed high-moor peat substrate with the
necessary nutritional components. The content of sodium was diversified by adding two
different sodium salts (NaCl and Na2SO4) to the substrate at 0 to 500 mg ⋅ dm–3. The change of
substrate chemical properties caused disturbance in mineral nutrition of plants. Irrespective
of the applied salt, increasing concentrations of sodium affected negatively the analysed
morphological features of Salvia splendens. The study showed that sunflower was more tolerant –
in case of this plant the negative influence of applied sodium salts was not always statistically
proven. A marked decrease of chlorophyll content was recorded only in sage leaves. A more
adverse effect on the ornamental value of sage (plant height and plant diameter at mid-height of
the main shoot) and sunflower (inflorescence diameter) was observed for sodium chloride
Influence of sodium chloride on selected growth parameters and macronutrient content in pelargonium leaves
The aim of this study was to assess the potential of cultivation of Pelargonium × hortorum cv.
Survivor Dark Red in a substrate contaminated with sodium chloride. After applying 0.45, 0.96,
1.47, 1.98, 2.49, 2,99 g NaCl dm-3, the substrate contained 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200 mg
Na+ and 287, 595, 903, 1211, 1519, 1827 mg Cl- dm3. Growing medium with natural sodium
(22 mg Na+) and chloride (13 mg Cl-) content comprised the control. Electrical conductivity (EC)
of the substrates was as follows: 0.11, 0.62, 1.28, 1.75, 2.42, 2.82, 3.72 mS cm-1. Water purified
by reverse osmosis was used for watering the pelargonium plants. The effect of sodium chloride
on the chemical composition of leaves was evaluated based on the analysis of leaf blades collected
at the flowering stage. Sodium chloride negatively influenced all measured plant
growth parameters. Increasing salinity also decreased the chlorophyll index values. Significant
reduction in the number of inflorescences was recorded in plants grown at ≥ 800 mg Na+ and
≥ 1211 mg Cl- in 1 dm3 of peat substrate. However, the pelargonium plants grown in a substrate
containing up to 600 mg Na and 903 mg Cl still retain high decorative value. The increasing
sodium chloride content in peat substrate increased the concentrations of phosphorus and calcium
in the leaves. Simultaneously, the concentrations of potassium and magnesium decreased,
while the concentration of nitrogen was found to be stable. Despite increasing doses of sodium
chloride, the content of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in pelargonium leaves fell within or slightly exceeded
the established range of guideline values
A 5–50 GHz sige BiCMOS linear transimpedance amplifier with 68 dbΩ differential gain towards highly integrated quasi-coherent receivers
Quasi-coherent optical receivers have recently emerged targeting access networks, offering improved sensitivity and reach over direct-detection schemes at the expense of a higher receiver bandwidth. Higher levels of system integration together with sufficiently wideband front-end blocks, and in particular high-speed linear transimpedance amplifiers (TIAs), are currently demanded to reduce cost and scale up receiver data rates. In this article, we report on the design and testing of a linear TIA enabling high-speed quasi-coherent receivers. A shunt-feedback loaded common-base topology is adopted, with gain control provided by a subsequent Gilbert cell stage. The circuit was fabricated in a commercial 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology and has a bandpass characteristic with a 3 dB bandwidth in the range of 5–50 GHz. A differential transimpedance gain of 68 dBΩ was measured, with 896 mVpp of maximum differential output swing at the 1 dB compression point. System experiments in a quasi-coherent receiver demonstrate an optical receiver sensitivity of −30.5 dBm (BER = 1 × 10−3) at 10 Gbps, and −26 dBm (BER = 1 × 10−3) at 25 Gbps. The proposed TIA represents an enabling component towards highly integrated quasi-coherent receivers