Parity Generators for Nanocommunication Systems Using QCA Nanotechnology

Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) nanotechnology has the capability to design highly-dense, ultra-low power, and high-speed digital circuits at ultra-deep sub-micron (ultra-DSM) level. QCA nanostructure provides a transistor-free operation that saves large energy dissipation as compared to the conventional metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) technology. In this paper, 3-input exclusive-OR (XOR) and exclusive-NOR (XNOR) gates are presented using QCA cells. XOR and XNOR (XOR-XNOR) gates are further utilized to design the 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-bit even and odd parity generators. The QCA-based 3-input XNOR gate is constructed using only 10 QCA cells and two clock phases. The target of the presented designs is to use the minimum count of QCA cells in a simplistic way to form the higher bit-size parity generators. The comparative analyses for the different performance metrics are showing that the developed designs are performing well for the cell count, latency, area, and layout cost as compared to the existing designs. Energy dissipation for the designs is calculated to check the energy efficiency by using the QCA Designer-E and QCA Pro tools

A Comparative Analysis of Nonperforming Assets Management in Nationalised Banks of India (For the period 2011-12 to 2015-16)

Banking Industry play a very important role in economic development of a country through extending credit to various deficit sectors and earn income in the form of interest on advance and other incomes like commission , consultancy fee etc. But the credit creation activity creates credit risk to the bank which results in nonperforming assets. NPA is one of the important parameter in analysing the performance of banks as it reduces the profit margin and increases the carrying cost of such nonperforming assets in the form of necessary provisions to counter credit risk. A high level of nonperforming assets also makes negative impact on net worth of the bank. So NPAs are big problem to the bank as banks are under pressure to maintain a desire level of capital adequacy ratio.The current research paper is based on the study of nonperforming assets of nineteen nationalised banks of India. The objectives of the current study are to access the level of NPAs and their comparison among nineteen nationalised banks for previous five years. The data for five financial years has been collected and analysed by arithmetic mean, standard deviation, average annualgrowth rate and ranking method. One way ANOVA has been used to test whether there is significant difference in the level of NPAs of nationalised banks. On the basis of the study it was found that Syndicate Bank, Vijaya Bank, Indian Bank and Bank of Baroda performed well compare to other nationalised banks in terms of strict control over their NPAs year to year basis, however Union Bank of India, United bank of India and Indian Bank were poor performer in NPAs management during the study period from 2011-12 to 2015-16.&nbsp

Pittendrigh: the darwinian clock-watcher

This article does not have an abstract

Brain clocks for morning and evening behaviour

This article does not have an abstract

Metric dimension of line graph of the subdivision of the graphs of convex polytopes

The metric generator for the simple connected graph Γ is the set of vertices Y ⊆ V(Γ) with the property that every pair of vertices u, v(u 6= v) ∈ V are determined (or resolved) by some vertex of Y. The minimum possible cardinality of this metric generator is called the metric dimension of Γ, denoted by dim(Γ)or β(Γ). In this article, we determine the exact metric dimension and some other properties of the line graph of the subdivision graph of the graph of convex polytope Dn (exists in the literature).Publisher's Versio

On the metric dimension of a class of planar graphs

Let H = (V, E) be a non-trivial connected graph with vertex set V and edge set E. A set of ordered vertices Rm from V (H) is said to be a resolving set for H if each vertex of H is uniquely determined by its vector of distances to the vertices of Rm. The number of vertices in a smallest resolving set is called the metric dimension of H. In this article, we study the metric dimension for a rotationally symmetric family of planar graphs, each of which is shown to have an independent minimum resolving set of cardinality three.Publisher's Versio

Applying Soft Computing Approaches to Predict Defect Density in Software Product Releases: An Empirical Study

There is non-linear relationship between software metrics and defects, which results to a complex mapping. Therefore, to focus on the defect density area, it is a critical business requirement of effective and practical approach, which can help find the defect density in software releases. Soft computing provides a better platform to solve the non-linear and complex mapping problem. The aim of this paper is to formulate, build, evaluate, validate and compare two main sections of soft computing, fuzzy logic and artificial neural network approaches in prediction of defect density of subsequent software product releases. In this research, these two approaches are formulated and applied to predict the existence of a defect in file of software release. Both approaches have also been validated against various releases of two commercial software product release data sets. The validation criteria include mean absolute error, root mean square error and graphical analysis. The analysis of the study shows that artificial neural network provides better results compared to Fuzzy Inference System; but applicability of best approach depends on the data availability and the quantum of data

FUTURISTIC SCPOPE OF BIOMARKERS IN TUBERCULOSIS

ABSTRACTOne of the major causes of the mortality from single infectious agent, tuberculosis (TB) is prevalent worldwide. India has the highest number of TBcases in the world. It is the leading cause of death, because of its high mortality and morbidity because of the disease. Reason lies in the emergenceof multidrug-resistant TB strains, and the HIV infection, which reactivates the latent TB making it more severe. Moreover, failure to diagnose TBearly remains one of the primary hurdles in controlling of the disease. TB is a potentially hazardous infectious disease attacks various organs, mainlyaffecting lungs. The bacteria causing TB are spread from one person to another. Tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes lead to thepassage of infection. The disease is generally diagnosed by its symptoms, radiographic methods, and sputum smear microscopy and by cultivation ofthe Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is considered as gold standard. Current advances in molecular biology and molecular epidemiology and a betterunderstanding of drug resistance in TB have given a new horizon to its rapid diagnosis. However, the cost-effective techniques, and their requirementfor sophisticated equipment and skilled personals have excluded their implementation on a routine basis, especially in low-income countries.Keywords: Biochemical markers, Tuberculosis, Microbiological tuberculosis

Changing patterns of first medical contact management profile of corneal ulcers in a developing country: a hospital-based study

Background: Infectious keratitis is a major cause of corneal blindness throughout the world. There are guidelines and protocols for management of infectious keratitis, but these are rarely practiced by the treating physician. The aim of this study is to find the first medical contact management profile in a tertiary care Centre in north India and compare it to the previous studies to see the changing patterns of first contact management in our country.Methods: The data for the study was collected by retrospective data review of 100 consecutive patients with infectious keratitis. Various parameters were studied and statistical correlation established, where it was felt necessary. The parameters were age and sex distribution, first medical contact, initial treatment prescribed, time interval for first medical contact, inciting factors for corneal ulcer, bacterial and fungal culture spectrum, visual recovery after medical and surgical treatment.Results: Data review of 100 consecutive patients with infectious keratitis was done. More than 70% of patients were above 40 years of age. In 54% of patients, no inciting agent could be identified. The first medical contact for majority of patients was ophthalmologists in independent practice (48%). Time interval for first contact to any health professional varied from one day to 75 days with mean 4.63 days. Moxifloxacin hydrochloride   eye drops was the most commonly used drug.   Staphylococcus epidermidis was the commonest isolate grown in the culture (38.9%).Conclusions: Early diagnosis and appropriate management of infectious keratitis is important and role of first medical contact of patient is most crucial in final outcome