Experimental studies on extraction of valuable fuels from karanja and neem seed by pyrolysis

Today we see everywhere that oil has become inherent part of our daily life. Every activity is dependent on the requirement of fuels be it directly or indirectly. The demand of fuels is increasing day by day. Import dependence for oil in India which is about 70 per cent, is likely to increase further. As we all know that the petroleum resources are limited and are non-renewable in nature, we must start to think about the alternatives as we are likely to run out of the petroleum resources in few decades or so. Stress must be given to production of energy from renewable sources as they are biodegradable and non-toxic. Here an attempt has made to study the feasibility of production of valuable fuels from natural but non edible seeds such as karanja and neem seeds by the method of pyrolysis. Here the production of the fuel can serve purpose of alternative fuels as biomass pyrolysis oil has potential to be used as fuel oil or its substitute

Prescribing patterns of cardiovascular drugs in cardiology outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital in Western Odisha

Background: Cardiovascular morbidity plays a villainous role globally as well as countries like India. Additionally, irrational prescription incurs greater damage to health and wellbeing. Drug utilization studies scrutinize the appropriateness of treatment and provide favorable feedbacks to strengthen clinical practices. The objective of the study was to describe treatment practices in cardiology outpatient and drug utilization pattern using core prescribing indicators by World Health Organization (WHO).Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study of 4-month duration was undertaken for cardiology Outdoor patients at a tertiary care hospital. 615 prescriptions were screened and analyzed.Results: Males (59.84%) were more in number than females (40.16%). Average number of the prescribed drugs per patient were 4.32±2.7 and (3.73±1.1 for cardiovascular drugs). Generic prescription was 60.98%. Percentage encounters with antibiotics 4.11, injectables 2.92%, fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) (11.8%) were documented. Drugs from the National List of Essential Medicines were 75.89%. The most common diagnosis was ischemic heart disease (68.29%). Hypolipidemics (78.25%) followed by antiplatelets (71.14%) were toppers in cardiovascular drug. Antiulcer drugs (PPI/Antacids) comprised 58.54% of total prescriptions.Conclusions: Less adherence to EDL, less generic prescriptions, use of FDC are major shortcomings. Areas to further rationalization like optimal use of evidence based medication like beta-blockers, newer anticoagulants/anti-platelet agents and newer anti-anginal agents are identified

A CRITICAL REVIEW OF INGUDI (BALANITES AGEYPTIACA LINN. DELILE) FROM KOSHA AND NIGHANTUS

Ingudi (Balanites aegyptiaca Linn. Delile) known as ‘Desert Date’ is a small evergreen tree. Man, the superior most of all species has always been remaining in a search of One Prime Goal: “The perfect health”. From Vedic era to space age, all the researches have been directed by the eminent scholars to achieve the same. The Nighantus, Ayurvedic form of Materia Medica could help significantly in this direction. Numerous Nighantus have been written from the very beginning of Ayurvedic period to solve the hidden meanings of cryptic names of medicinal plants. It is believed that at the end of each Samhita a Nighantu was there. In this work a Nighantu of Sushruta named Sausruta Nighantu and another by Vagbhata the Astanga Nighantu are discussed. The present work aims to discuss Ingudi in various Nighantus as manuscripts or just as evidence - in a chronological order

EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SEED EXTRACT FROM PLANT INGUDI (BALANITES AEGYPTIACA LINN. DELILE)

Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of Ingudi (Balanites Aegyptiaca Linn. Delile.) was done against human pathogens. The antimicrobial activity of newly synthesized compound was first screened by disc diffusion method against Gram positive Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25323 and Gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27893, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, human pathogenic bacteria and fungal strains of candida (C. albicans, C. tropicalis) according to the guidelines of National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS, 1997). Fresh grown bacteria were mixed in sterile saline (0.85%) and the turbidity was matched with McFarland No. 2 system to achieve concentration of 107 CFU/ml. Sterile petri plates containing 20 mL of Mueller Hinton agar (MHA, Hi-Media) were used for all bacterial culture. The bacterial innoculum suspension were spread on the surface of agar plates and allowed to solidify for 5 min. Sterile disc (5mm) of Whatman paper no. 1 was then placed on the surface of the media and the test compounds (25µl/ml) was put and allowed to diffuse and plates were incubated for 24 h at 37°C for bacterial cultures and fungal culture were incubated for 72 hr at 25°C. DMSO was used as negative control, Ciprofloxacin (5µg/disc, Hi-Media) was used as positive control for bacteria. The highest antibacterial potential was exhibited by Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25323 and Gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27893 among tested microorganisms

Study and implementation of programmable logic controller

This project work is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the history and development of Programmable Logic Controllers and its subsequent applications in different industries. In The second part PLC was implemented to control 3 different processes namely lift car controller, Liquid level controller, Temperature controller. Automation of many different processes, such as controlling machines or factory assembly lines, is done through the use of small computers called a programmable logic controller (PLC). This is actually a control device that consists of a programmable microprocessor, and is programmed using a specialized computer language. Before, a programmable logic controller would have been programmed in ladder logic, which is similar to a schematic of relay logic. A modern programmable logic controller is usually programmed in any one of several languages, ranging from ladder logic to Basic or C. Typically, the program is written in a development environment on a personal computer (PC), and then is downloaded onto the programmable logic controller directly through a cable connection. The program is stored in the programmable logic controller in on-volatile memory.The programmable logic controller has made a significant contribution to factory automation. Earlier automation systems had to use thousands of individual relays and cam timers, but all of the relays and timers within a factory system can often be replaced with a single programmable logic controller. Today, programmable logic controllers deliver a wide range of functionality, including basic relay control, motion control, process control, and complex networking, as well as being used in Distributed Control Systems. There are several different types of interfaces that are used when people need to interact with the programmable logic controller to configure it or work with it. This may take the form of simple lights or switches or text displays, or for more complex systems, a computer of Web interface on a computer running a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system. Programmable logic controllers were first created to serve the automobile industry, and the first programmable logic controller project was developed in 1968 for General Motors to replace hard-wired relay systems with an electronic controller.The lift controller controls the movement of the lift. The program is designed to make the lift car move to the correct floor based on floor request. The temperature controller controls the temperature of the fluid based on a set point. The level controller controls the level of a liquid in a tank

Morphological Analysis of the Bishnupriya Manipuri Language using Finite State Transducers

In this work we present a morphological analysis of Bishnupriya Manipuri language, an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the north eastern India. As of now, there is no computational work available for the language. Finite state morphology is one of the successful approaches applied in a wide variety of languages over the year. Therefore we adapted the finite state approach to analyse morphology of the Bishnupriya Manipuri language

Nutritional Stress And Ascorbic Acid Dynamics: Gender Perspectives In Clarias Batrachus

The current study investigates the impact of starvation on the levels of ascorbic acid in the brain and hepatic tissues of both male and female Clarias batrachus. Male individuals exhibited a significantly greater concentration of ascorbic acid compared to female individuals. Under typical circumstances, the brain contains higher levels of ascorbic acid (43.24mg/100gm in males and 40.65mg/100gm in females) compared to the liver (17.59mg/100gm in males and 13.32mg/100gm in females). Extended nutritional stress leads to a gradual decrease in the level of ascorbic acid in all types of tissues, which could be associated with an increase in gluconeogenesis. The liver exhibited a higher level of depletion (73% in males and 78% in females), whereas the brain showed a lower level of depletion (57% in males and 48% in females) following a period of 40 days of hunger

Trend and Variability of Rainfall: A Case Study of Shillong City

This study aims to investigate and analyze the trends and variability of rainfall in Shillong and its nearby areas, located in Meghalaya hills of North-east India; which is geographically a neighbouring area to the wettest places of the Earth, i.e., Cherrapunji and Mawsynram. The analysis of variability and trends to annual, seasonal, monthly and daily rainfall was carried out, using the data collected from the IMD station at Shillong; thereby attempting to highlight whether rainfall in Shillong area has been increasing or decreasing over the years. Rainfall variability coefficient is utilized to compare the current rainfall trend of the area with its past rainfall trends. The present study also aims to analyse the frequency of occurrence of extreme rainfall events over the region. These studies will help us to establish a correlation between the current rainfall trend and climate change scenario of the study area