A VALIDATED RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF FEBUXOSTAT AND KETOROLAC TROMETHAMINE IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS

A simple, fast, precise, selective and accurate RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Febuxostat and Ketorolac from bulk and formulations. Chromatographic separation was achieved isocratically on a Waters C18 column (250×4.6 mm, 5 µ particle size) using a mobile phase, Methanol and Ammonium acetate buffer (adjusted to pH 6.0 with 1% orthophosphoric acid) in the ratio of 60:40. The flow rate was 1 ml/min and effluent was detected at 321nm. The retention time of Febuxostat and Ketorolac were 2.62 min and 3.96 min. respectively. Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 5-30µg/ml and 10-60 µg/ml for Febuxostat and Ketorolac respectively with correlation coefficient 0.999 for both the drugs. Percent recoveries obtained for both the drugs were 99.75-100.06% and 98.63-99.93%, respectively. The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness. The method developed can be used for the routine analysis of Febuxostat and Ketorolac from their combined dosage for

VALIDATED RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ALISKIREN AND VALSARTAN IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM

A simple, precise and accurate stability indicating RP-HPLC method has been developed and Subsequently validated for simultaneous estimation of Aliskiren (ALN) and Valsartan (VAL) from their combination dosage form. Water’s HPLC equipped with UV-Visible and Diode Array detectors, with Empower -2 software was used. Column used was XTerra® RP8, 5 μm, 100 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., at ambient temprature.Mobile phase consisting of 0.05M Ammonium Acetate and 0.5% TEA buffer having pH 5.5and Acetonitrile in the ratio of 68:32 v/v at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/ min and UV detection was carried out at 238 nm and 271 nm for ALN and VAL, respectively. ALN, VAL and their combined dosage form were exposed to thermal, photolytic, oxidative, acid-base hydrolytic stress conditions, the stressed samples were analyzed by proposed method. Peak purity results suggested no other co-eluting, interfering peaks from excipients, impurities, or degradation products due to variable stress condition, and the method is specific for the estimation of ALN and VAL in presence of their degradation products and impurities within 6 minutes. The retention time of Aliskiren and Valsartan were 1.98 and 4.03 minutes respectively. The method was found linear over the range of 1-20 μg per ml for Aliskiren and 1.6-240 μg per ml for Valsartan. The proposed method was validated as per the ICH and USP guidelines

Rediscovering the Therapeutic Potential of Agarwood in the Management of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

The inflammatory response is a central aspect of the human immune system that acts as a defense mechanism to protect the body against infections and injuries. A dysregulated inflammatory response is a major health concern, as it can disrupt homeostasis and lead to a plethora of chronic inflammatory conditions. These chronic inflammatory diseases are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and the need for them to be managed in the long term has become a crucial task to alleviate symptoms and improve patients’ overall quality of life. Although various synthetic anti-inflammatory agents have been developed to date, these medications are associated with several adverse effects that have led to poor therapeutic outcomes. The hunt for novel alternatives to modulate underlying chronic inflammatory processes has unveiled nature to be a plentiful source. One such example is agarwood, which is a valuable resinous wood from the trees of Aquilaria spp. Agarwood has been widely utilized for medicinal purposes since ancient times due to its ability to relieve pain, asthmatic symptoms, and arrest vomiting. In terms of inflammation, the major constituent of agarwood, agarwood oil, has been shown to possess multiple bioactive compounds that can regulate molecular mechanisms of chronic inflammation, thereby producing a multitude of pharmacological functions for treating various inflammatory disorders. As such, agarwood oil presents great potential to be developed as a novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic to overcome the drawbacks of existing therapies and improve treatment outcomes. In this review, we have summarized the current literature on agarwood and its bioactive components and have highlighted the potential roles of agarwood oil in treating various chronic inflammatory diseases.</jats:p

A multidisciplinary approach to identify priority areas for the monitoring of a vulnerable family of fishes in Spanish Marine National Parks

Background Syngnathid fishes (Actinopterygii, Syngnathidae) are flagship species strongly associated with seaweed and seagrass habitats. Seahorses and pipefishes are highly vulnerable to anthropogenic and environmental disturbances, but most species are currently Data Deficient according to the IUCN (2019), requiring more biological and ecological research. This study provides the first insights into syngnathid populations in the two marine Spanish National Parks (PNIA—Atlantic- and PNAC—Mediterranean). Fishes were collected periodically, marked, morphologically identified, analysed for size, weight, sex and sexual maturity, and sampled for stable isotope and genetic identification. Due the scarcity of previous information, habitat characteristics were also assessed in PNIA. Results Syngnathid diversity and abundance were low, with two species identified in PNIA (Hippocampus guttulatus and Syngnathus acus) and four in PNAC (S. abaster, S. acus, S. typhle and Nerophis maculatus). Syngnathids from both National Parks (NP) differed isotopically, with much lower δ15N in PNAC than in PNIA. The dominant species were S. abaster in PNAC and S. acus in PNIA. Syngnathids preferred less exposed sites in macroalgal assemblages in PNIA and Cymodocea meadows in PNAC. The occurrence of very large specimens, the absence of small-medium sizes and the isotopic comparison with a nearby population suggest that the population of Syngnathus acus (the dominant syngnathid in PNIA) mainly comprised breeders that migrate seasonally. Mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence variants were detected for H. guttulatus, S. acus, and S. abaster, and a novel 16S rDNA haplotype was obtained in N. maculatus. Our data suggest the presence of a cryptic divergent mitochondrial lineage of Syngnathus abaster species in PNAC. Conclusions This is the first multidisciplinary approach to the study of syngnathids in Spanish marine NPs. Habitat preferences and population characteristics in both NPs differed. Further studies are needed to assess the occurrence of a species complex for S. abaster, discarding potential misidentifications of genus Syngnathus in PNAC, and evaluate migratory events in PNIA. We propose several preferential sites in both NPs for future monitoring of syngnathid populations and some recommendations for their conservation.Postprin

A next-generation liquid xenon observatory for dark matter and neutrino physics

The nature of dark matter and properties of neutrinos are among the most pressing issues in contemporary particle physics. The dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber is the leading technology to cover the available parameter space for weakly interacting massive particles, while featuring extensive sensitivity to many alternative dark matter candidates. These detectors can also study neutrinos through neutrinoless double-beta decay and through a variety of astrophysical sources. A next-generation xenon-based detector will therefore be a true multi-purpose observatory to significantly advance particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, solar physics, and cosmology. This review article presents the science cases for such a detector

Surface conditioning with <em>Escherichia coli</em> cell wall components can reduce biofilm formation by decreasing initial adhesion

Bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on food processing surfaces pose major risks to human health. Non-efficient cleaning of equipment surfaces and piping can act as a conditioning layer that affects the development of a new biofilm post-disinfection. We have previously shown that surface conditioning with cell extracts could reduce biofilm formation. In the present work, we hypothesized that <em>E. coli</em> cell wall components could be implicated in this phenomena and therefore mannose, myristic acid and palmitic acid were tested as conditioning agents. To evaluate the effect of surface conditioning and flow topology on biofilm formation, assays were performed in agitated 96-well microtiter plates and in a parallel plate flow chamber (PPFC), both operated at the same average wall shear stress (0.07 Pa) as determined by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It was observed that when the 96-well microtiter plate and the PPFC were used to form biofilms at the same shear stress, similar results were obtained. This shows that the referred hydrodynamic feature may be a good scale-up parameter from high-throughput platforms to larger scale flow cell systems as the PPFC used in this study. Mannose did not have any effect on <em>E. coli</em> biofilm formation, but myristic and palmitic acid inhibited biofilm development by decreasing cell adhesion (in about 50%). These results support the idea that in food processing equipment where biofilm formation is not critical below a certain threshold, bacterial lysis and adsorption of cell components to the surface may reduce biofilm buildup and extend the operational time