Experimental stone tool replication at the Early Stone Age site of Sterkfontein, Gauteng, South Africa

Between 1999 and 2000 a large experimental knapping programme was carried out at the early hominin site of Sterkfontein, South Africa. Its purpose was to assess aspects of the technology of lithic production found in the Oldowan and Acheulean deposits at the site. The data was used to inform technological analysis of the Sterkfontein stone tool assemblages. In the light of more recent research on raw material selection and transport at East African Oldowan sites, we report on the conclusions drawn from the analysis of the experimental cores to assess their contribution to understanding the influence of raw materials on knapping in the Oldowan and Acheulean at Sterkfontein. Hominins practised raw material selectivity and adapted their knapping strategies to fit clast shape and lithology. The experimental programme offered the opportunity to analyse some of the variables commonly involved in reconstructing lithic behaviour from artefacts and found, as with other studies reported elsewhere, that linear relationships based on one, or a few supposedly diagnostic variables do not stand up to scrutin

SMALL-TIME ASYMPTOTICS FOR FAST MEAN-REVERTING STOCHASTIC VOLATILITY MODELS

This is the published version, also available here: http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AAP801.In this paper, we study stochastic volatility models in regimes where the maturity is small, but large compared to the mean-reversion time of the stochastic volatility factor. The problem falls in the class of averaging/homogenization problems for nonlinear HJB-type equations where the “fast variable” lives in a noncompact space. We develop a general argument based on viscosity solutions which we apply to the two regimes studied in the paper. We derive a large deviation principle, and we deduce asymptotic prices for out-of-the-money call and put options, and their corresponding implied volatilities. The results of this paper generalize the ones obtained in Feng, Forde and Fouque [SIAM J. Financial Math. 1 (2010) 126–141] by a moment generating function computation in the particular case of the Heston model

Multi Criteria Decision Making of Project Solutions for Connecting Road Between State Road 31 and Zagreb International Airport

Kvalitetna cestovna prometna veza zračne luke s prometnim pravcima u njenom gravitacijskom području od izrazite je važnosti za kvalitetu cjelokupne usluge. U radu se analizira mogućnost izgradnje spojne ceste između Međunarodne zračne luke Zagreb i državne ceste D31 čija je osnovna funkcija ostvarenje kvalitetne prometne veze zračne luke i okolnih prometnih pravaca te rasterećenje postojećih prometnih tokova, odnosno preusmjerenje dijela prometnog opterećenja. Predložene su tri varijante izgradnje prometnice za koje je u prvoj fazi izrađena SWOT analiza, a zatim su vrednovane višekriterijskom analizom temeljem relevantnih kriterija i potkriterija, primjenom AHP metode uz programsku podršku u okviru programskog paketa Expert Choice. Za izabranu optimalnu varijantu predložen je model financiranja.Quality road connection between airport and traffic routes in his gravitation area is from a major importance for a quality of an entire utility. In this thesis it will be analysed the possibility of construction a connecting road between Zagreb International Airport and State Road 31 which main function is to accomplish quality road connection between airport and surrounding traffic routes so as unballesting of existing road capacity and partly redirectioning of traffic burden. Three alternatives of road constructions are offered for whose are in the first phase made a SWOT analysis and after that for offered alternatives are implemented the evaluation of multi-criteria analysis based on relevant criteria and subcriteria, applying AHP method by using Expert Choice program. For selected optimal variant, a funding model is suggested

Multi Criteria Decision Making of Project Solutions for Connecting Road Between State Road 31 and Zagreb International Airport

Kvalitetna cestovna prometna veza zračne luke s prometnim pravcima u njenom gravitacijskom području od izrazite je važnosti za kvalitetu cjelokupne usluge. U radu se analizira mogućnost izgradnje spojne ceste između Međunarodne zračne luke Zagreb i državne ceste D31 čija je osnovna funkcija ostvarenje kvalitetne prometne veze zračne luke i okolnih prometnih pravaca te rasterećenje postojećih prometnih tokova, odnosno preusmjerenje dijela prometnog opterećenja. Predložene su tri varijante izgradnje prometnice za koje je u prvoj fazi izrađena SWOT analiza, a zatim su vrednovane višekriterijskom analizom temeljem relevantnih kriterija i potkriterija, primjenom AHP metode uz programsku podršku u okviru programskog paketa Expert Choice. Za izabranu optimalnu varijantu predložen je model financiranja.Quality road connection between airport and traffic routes in his gravitation area is from a major importance for a quality of an entire utility. In this thesis it will be analysed the possibility of construction a connecting road between Zagreb International Airport and State Road 31 which main function is to accomplish quality road connection between airport and surrounding traffic routes so as unballesting of existing road capacity and partly redirectioning of traffic burden. Three alternatives of road constructions are offered for whose are in the first phase made a SWOT analysis and after that for offered alternatives are implemented the evaluation of multi-criteria analysis based on relevant criteria and subcriteria, applying AHP method by using Expert Choice program. For selected optimal variant, a funding model is suggested

Multi Criteria Decision Making of Project Solutions for Connecting Road Between State Road 31 and Zagreb International Airport

Kvalitetna cestovna prometna veza zračne luke s prometnim pravcima u njenom gravitacijskom području od izrazite je važnosti za kvalitetu cjelokupne usluge. U radu se analizira mogućnost izgradnje spojne ceste između Međunarodne zračne luke Zagreb i državne ceste D31 čija je osnovna funkcija ostvarenje kvalitetne prometne veze zračne luke i okolnih prometnih pravaca te rasterećenje postojećih prometnih tokova, odnosno preusmjerenje dijela prometnog opterećenja. Predložene su tri varijante izgradnje prometnice za koje je u prvoj fazi izrađena SWOT analiza, a zatim su vrednovane višekriterijskom analizom temeljem relevantnih kriterija i potkriterija, primjenom AHP metode uz programsku podršku u okviru programskog paketa Expert Choice. Za izabranu optimalnu varijantu predložen je model financiranja.Quality road connection between airport and traffic routes in his gravitation area is from a major importance for a quality of an entire utility. In this thesis it will be analysed the possibility of construction a connecting road between Zagreb International Airport and State Road 31 which main function is to accomplish quality road connection between airport and surrounding traffic routes so as unballesting of existing road capacity and partly redirectioning of traffic burden. Three alternatives of road constructions are offered for whose are in the first phase made a SWOT analysis and after that for offered alternatives are implemented the evaluation of multi-criteria analysis based on relevant criteria and subcriteria, applying AHP method by using Expert Choice program. For selected optimal variant, a funding model is suggested

Perbedaan Jumlah Eritrosit, Leukosit Dan Trombosit Pada Pemberian Antikoagulan Konvensional Dan EDTA Vacutainer

Pemeriksaan jumlah eritrosit, leukosit dan trombosit sangat dipengaruhi ketepatan pemberian antikoagulan EDTA dengan dosis EDTA yang sesuai dengan volume darah. ketepatan dosis EDTA Konvensional sangat tergantung ketrampilan, ketelitian dan pengalaman petugas laboratorium, sedangkan EDTA Vacutainer mempunyai stabilitas dosis dan volume darah yang tinggi. Mengetahui jumlah eritrosit, leukosit dan trombosit pada pemberian antikoagulan EDTA Vacutainer dan EDTA Konvensional. Jumlah responden 18 orang. Diambil darah vena pada lengan kanan dan kiri responden menggunakan spuit 3ml untuk EDTA Konvensional dan jarum Vacutainer untuk EDTA Vacutaine. Masing-masing sampel diperiksa jumlah eritrosit, leukosit dan trombosit dengan alat Hematology Analyzer Sysmex XN-450.dipakai uji statistik Mann-whitney untuk mengetahui perbedaan jumlah eritrosit, leukosit dan trombosit pada pemeberian antikoagulan EDTA Vacutainer dan EDTA Konvensional. Hasil pemeriksaan eritrosit dengan EDTA Vacutainer dan EDTA Konvensional memiliki hasil normal dengan presentase 89% dan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan p=0,402(p>0,05), Hasil pemeriksaan leukosit dengan EDTA Vacutainer dan EDTA Konvensional memiliki hasil normal dengan presentase 100% dan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan p=0,411(p>0,05), Hasil pemeriksaan trombosit dengan EDTA Vacutainer dan EDTA Konvensional memiliki hasil normal dengan presentase 72% dan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan p=0,580 (p>0,05),Gambaran hasil pemeriksaan jumlah eritrosit, leukosit dan trombosit pada pemberian EDTA Konvensional dan EDTA Vacutainer memiliki hasil yang normal dan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifika

The Victoria west: Earliest prepared core technology in the acheulean at canteen kopje and implications for the cognitive evolution of early hominids

Prepared core technology illustrates in-depth planning and the presence of a mental template during the core reduction process. This technology is, therefore, a significant indicator in studying the evolution of abstract thought and the cognitive abilities of hominids. Here, we report on Victoria West cores excavated from the Canteen Kopje site in central South Africa, with a preliminary age estimate of approximately 1Ma (million years ago) for these cores. Technological analysis shows that the VictoriaWest cores bear similarities to the ‘Volumetric Concept’ as defined for the Levallois, a popular and widely distributed prepared core technology from at least 200 ka (thousand years ago). Although these similarities are present, several notable differences also occur that make the Victoria West a unique and distinctive prepared core technology; these are: elongated and convergent core shapes, consistent blow directions for flake removal, a predominance of large side-struck flakes, and the use of these flakes to make Acheulean large cutting tools. This innovative core reduction strategy at Canteen Kopje extends the roots of prepared core technology to the latter part of the Early Acheulean and clearly demonstrates an increase in the cognitive abilities and complexities of hominids in this time period.EM201