Rozszczepione spojrzenia, inskrypcje, scenotafia : o Kieślowskiego filmowaniu żałoby

"Niedawno doznałam dziwnego uczucia. Poczułam nagle, że zostałam sama. A nic się nie zmieniło .. . ". ,"Zniknął ktoś z twojego życia", "Właśnie." Ta wymiana zdań pomiędzy ojcem i Weroniką w filmie Kieślowskiego "Podwójne życie Weroniki" natychmiast prowadzi nas na sarn skraj pewnej hipotezy: filmy Kieślowskiego w szczególny sposób są filmami na temat żałoby. Można to ująć jeszcze bardziej radykalnie: sama ich czasowość, to jak akcja rozwija się w czasie, pozostaje w całości odniesione do żałoby, do tego, co - parafrazując Diderota - można by nazwać "wzajemnym oczekiwaniem na siebie u owego kresu prawdy, jakim jest umieranie." Mourir-s 'atrendre aux limites de la verite. (Pożyczam tutaj motto od Jacquesa Derridy z jego Aporii; niebawem to niego nawiążę) [...]"

Association of vdr, cyp27b1, cyp24a1 and mthfr gene polymorphisms with oral lichen planus risk

The current study investigated the association between VDR EcoRV (rs4516035), FokI (rs2228570), ApaI (rs7975232) and TaqI (rs731236), CYP27B1 (rs4646536), CYP24A1 (rs2296241), and MTHFR (rs1801133) gene polymorphisms and risk of oral lichen planus (OLP) occurrence. The study group consisted of 65 oral lichen planus patients and 100 healthy blood donors in the control group. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped by real time PCR or PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Heterozygous as well as mutated genotype of vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI (rs2228570) polymorphism was associated with increased oral lichen planus risk in comparison with wild type genotype (odds ratio (OR) = 3.877, p = 0.017, OR = 38.153, p = 0.001, respectively). A significantly decreased OLP risk was observed for heterozygous genotype of rs2296241 polymorphism in CYP24A1 gene compared with the wild type form (OR = 0.314, p = 0.012). VDR gene polymorphisms ApaI and TaqI were in linkage disequilibrium (D' = 0.71, r (2) = 0.22). Identified haplotype AT was associated with decreased OLP risk (OR = 0.592, p = 0.047). Our results highlight the possible important role of VDR FokI (rs2228570) and CYP24A1 rs2296241 gene polymorphisms for oral lichen planus susceptibility. Identification of new molecular biomarkers could potentially contribute to determination of individuals with OLP predisposition

Increased activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in serum from acutely infected dengue patients linked to gamma interferon antiviral function

The depletion of l-tryptophan (L-Trp) has been associated with the inhibition of growth of micro-organisms and also has profound effects on T cell proliferation and immune tolerance. The enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) catalyses the rate-limiting step in the catabolic pathway of L-Trp. Gene expression analysis has shown upregulation of genes involved in L-Trp catabolism in in vitro models of dengue virus (DENV) infection. To understand the role of IDO during DENV infection, we measured IDO activity in sera from control and DENV-infected patients. We found increased IDO activity, lower levels of L-Trp and higher levels of l-kynurenine in sera from DENV-infected patients during the febrile days of the disease compared with patients with other febrile illnesses and healthy donors. Furthermore, we confirmed upregulation of IDO mRNA expression in response to DENV infection in vitro, using a dendritic cell (DC) model of DENV infection. We found that the antiviral effect of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) in DENV-infected DCs in vitro was partially dependent on IDO activity. Our results demonstrate that IDO plays an important role in the antiviral effect of IFN-γ against DENV infection in vitro and suggest that it has a role in the immune response to DENV infections in vivo