Cognitive tests used in examining effects of physical training in elderly people

Introduction. Cognitive tests are a valuable, sensitive and useful tool for examining the effectiveness of physical training. Purpose. To show which studies are sensitive in examining cognitive changes induced by physical training. We explored meta-analysis with healthy participants and patients with MCI. Materials and methods. Analysis of meta-analysis in the EBSCO database using keywords: meta-analysis, cognitive tests, physical training, elderly. Results. 4 meta-analysis have 10 researches in common; however, diverse of inclusion and exclusion criteria led to inability in obtaining reliable results. Discussion and conclusion. Some cognitive tests seems to be more sensitive in examining results of physical training. Diversity of research methodology induces much difficulties in comparing of studies.Wstęp. Testy poznawcze są wrażliwym i użytecznym narzędziem w badaniu skuteczności treningu fizycznego. Cel. Sprawdzenie, które testy są wrażliwe na badania zmian poznawczych wywołanych przez trening fizyczny. Przeanalizowaliśmy metaanalizy ze zdrowymi uczestnikami i pacjentami z MCI. Materiał i metody. Analiza metaanaliz w bazie danych EBSCO za pomocą słów kluczowych: metaanaliza, testy poznawcze, ćwiczenia fizyczne, osoby starsze. Wyniki. 4 metaanalizy posiadają 10 wspólnych badań, jednakże zróżnicowanie kryteriów włączenia i wyłą-czenia doprowadziły do niemożności w uzyskaniu wiary-godnych wyników. Dyskusja i wnioski. Niektóre testy poznawcze wydają się być bardziej czułe w badaniu wyników treningu fizycznego. Różnorodność metodologii wywołuje wiele trudności w porównywaniu bada

Testy poznawcze stosowane w badaniu efektów treningu fizycznego u osób starszych

Introduction. Cognitive tests are a valuable, sensitive and useful tool for examining the effectiveness of physical training.Purpose. To show which studies are sensitive in examining cognitive changes induced by physical training. We explored meta-analysis with healthy participants and patients with MCI.Materials and methods. Analysis of meta-analysis in the EBSCO database using keywords: meta-analysis, cognitive tests, physical training, elderly.Results. 4 meta-analysis have 10 researches in common; however, diverse of inclusion and exclusion criteria led to inability in obtaining reliable results.Discussion and conclusion. Some cognitive tests seems to be more sensitive in examining results of physical training. Diversity of research methodology induces much difficulties in comparing of studies.Wstęp. Testy poznawcze są wrażliwym i użytecznym narzędziem w badaniu skuteczności treningu fizycznego.Cel. Sprawdzenie, które testy są wrażliwe na badania zmian poznawczych wywołanych przez trening fizyczny. Przeanalizowaliśmy metaanalizy ze zdrowymi uczestnikami i pacjentami z MCI.Materiał i metody. Analiza metaanaliz w bazie danych EBSCO za pomocą słów kluczowych: metaanaliza, testy poznawcze, ćwiczenia fizyczne, osoby starsze.Wyniki. 4 metaanalizy posiadają 10 wspólnych badań, jednakże zróżnicowanie kryteriów włączenia i wyłą-czenia doprowadziły do niemożności w uzyskaniu wiary-godnych wyników.Dyskusja i wnioski. Niektóre testy poznawcze wydają się być bardziej czułe w badaniu wyników treningu fizycznego. Różnorodność metodologii wywołuje wiele trudności w porównywaniu bada

Autonomic balance and impedance cardiography analysis in patients undergoing leg revascularization

Introduction: Changes in autonomic nervous system (ANS) balance associated with endovascular interventions may potentially cause haemodynamic abnormalities that lead to periprocedural cardiovascular complications. This study aimed to determine the relationships between changes in ANS balance and impedance cardiography (ICG) parameters after endovascular leg revascularization. Material and methods: Before the procedure, and 1, 3 and 5h after the intervention, 5-min examinations of both ANS balance and ICG parameters were performed using a Task Force Monitor in 42 patients undergoing endovascular leg revascularization. Results: When compared to patients with intermittent claudication, individuals with chronic limb-threatening ischaemia had a significantly shorter R-R interval and lower stroke volume (SV) and left ventricle ejection time (LVET) at the beginning of the study. During the 5h after endovascular leg revascularization, significant fluctuations were noted in the following: heart rate, frequency-domain parameters of heart rate variability, baroreflex effectiveness indices, and ICG parameters, such as total peripheral resistance, SV, LVET, and ejection rate. The deltas of ANS parameters correlated with the deltas of ICG parameters in the respective periods of measurement. Conclusions: Dynamic fluctuations in ICG and ANS parameters that occurred in patients who had undergone endovascular leg revascularization might potentially affect the risk of the occurrence of a cardiovascular event in the periprocedural period. The correlations between the ANS and ICG parameters suggest that haemodynamic oscillations after endovascular leg revascularization are mediated by changes in ANS activity, most probably through a sympathoexcitatory effect of the procedure related to changes in skeletal muscle perfusion

Hemodynamic Response to the Head-Up Tilt Test in Patients With Syncope as a Predictor of the Test Outcome: A Meta-Analysis Approach

Aim: The paper presents a meta-analysis of studies comparing hemodynamic parameters: heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (sBP), diastolic blood pressure (dBP), and stroke volume (SV) measured during head-up tilt table test (HUTT) in patients with positive and negative HUT test outcome.Methods: Pubmed and Clinical Key databases were searched for English-only articles presenting results of biosignals measurements during tilt test in patients suffering from syncope. From 3,289 articles 13 articles published between 1997 and 2015 investigating 892 patients (467 with positive HUTT outcome and 401 with negative one) were selected.Results: There were not statistically significant differences observed between the parameters measured in supine position in patients with positive and negative test outcome [HR (p = 0.86), sBP (p = 0.32), dBP (p = 0.21), SV (p = 0.71)]. In tilt position the parameters HR and SV were significantly different when compared between the two groups of patients [HR (p = 0.02), sBP (p = 0.10), dBP (p = 0.59), SV (p = 0.0004)].Conclusions: Changes in HR and SV parameters in response to tilt test turned out to be statistically significant. In supine position the differences between patients with positive and negative test outcome were not significant, hence tilt test can be considered as necessary in the diagnosis of vasovagal syndrome

Combination of whole body cryotherapy with static stretching exercises reduces fatigue and improves functioning of the autonomic nervous system in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Funding Information: This article has been supported by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange under Grant No. PPI/APM/2018/1/00036/U/001. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).Background: The aim of this study was to explore the tolerability and effect of static stretching (SS) and whole body cryotherapy (WBC) upon fatigue, daytime sleepiness, cognitive functioning and objective and subjective autonomic nervous system functioning in those with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) compared to a control population. Methods: Thirty-two CFS and eighteen healthy controls (HC) participated in 2 weeks of a SS + WBC programme. This programme was composed of five sessions per week, 10 sessions in total. Results: A significant decrease in fatigue was noted in the CFS group in response to SS + WBC. Some domains of cognitive functioning (speed of processing visual information and set-shifting) also improved in response to SS + WBC in both CFS and HC groups. Our study has confirmed that WBC is well tolerated by those with CFS and leads to symptomatic improvements associated with changes in cardiovascular and autonomic function. Conclusions: Given the preliminary data showing the beneficial effect of cryotherapy, its relative ease of application, good tolerability, and proven safety, therapy with cold exposure appears to be an approach worth attention. Further studies of cryotherapy as a potential treatment in CFS is important in the light of the lack of effective therapeutic options for these common and often disabling symptoms.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Changes in the allostatic response to whole-body cryotherapy and static-stretching exercises in chronic fatigue syndrome patients vs. Healthy individuals

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.This study represents a comparison of the functional interrelation of fatigue and cognitive, cardiovascular and autonomic nervous systems in a group of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) patients compared with those in healthy individuals at different stages of analysis: at baseline and after changes induced by whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) combined with a static-stretching (SS) program. The study included 32 patients (Fukuda criteria) and 18 healthy controls. Fatigue, cogni-tive, cardiovascular and autonomic function and arterial stiffness were measured before and after 10 sessions of WBC with SS. In the patients, a disturbance in homeostasis was observed. The network relationship based on differences before and after intervention showed comparatively higher stress and eccentricity in the CFS group: 50.9 ± 56.1 vs. 6.35 ± 8.72, p = 0.002, r = 0.28; and 4.8 ± 0.7 vs. 2.4 ± 1, p < 0.001, r = 0.46, respectively. Before and after intervention, in the CFS group increased fatigue was related to baroreceptor function, and baroreceptor function was in turn related to aortic stiffness, but no such relationships were observed in the control group. Differences in the network structure underlying the interrelation among the four measured criteria were observed in both groups, before the intervention and after ten sessions of whole cryotherapy with a static stretching exercise.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Cardiovascular and autonomic consequences of sleep fragmentation

Introduction: Sleep disruption is commonly found in normal individuals and those with sleep disorders. Risk factors for sleep fragmentation involve a combination of lifestyle, environmental, psychosocial factors and/or medical conditions. The main objective of this study was to analyse the impact of acute, induced sleep fragmentation upon autonomic cardiovascular regulation, measured by a non-invasive haemodynamic measurement technique. Material and methods: The authors analysed beat-to-beat measurements of haemodynamic and autonomic parameters at 5-time points during sleep fragmentation: 9:00 a.m. (baseline), 9:00 p.m., 00:30 a.m., 4:00 a.m., and 7:30 a.m. Differences in the mean values for chronotropic parameters, cardiac contractility, parameters related to blood pressure regulation and workload of the left ventricle, and autonomic parameters were examined in seventeen healthy male volunteers. Direct results obtained from every time point were analysed using analysis of variance with repeated measures or the Friedman rank sum test. Results: Sleep fragmentation had a significant negative impact on haemodynamic parameters related to cardiac contractility (SV p &lt; 0.001, IC p &lt; 0.001, HI p &lt; 0.001); parameters related to workload of the left ventricle (CO p &lt; 0.001, LVWI p &lt; 0.001, ACI p &lt; 0.001); parameters related to blood pressure regulation (sBP p = 0.001, TPR p &lt; 0.001); on chronotropic parameters (HR p &lt; 0.001, PEP p &lt; 0.001, LVET p &lt; 0.001) and an indicator of cardiac autonomic regulation: LF-RRI (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Acute sleep fragmentation can modify haemodynamic control and autonomic cardiovascular regulation in healthy men; the most important changes were seen in the morning hours (4:00 a.m.). Therefore, conditions of chronic sleep fragmentation (e.g. shift work, uniformed services, clinicians), might lead to disturbance in the autonomic nervous system and therefore to problems with homeostasis in the cardiovascular system. Future research is needed in standardized conditions with large-scale studies to clarify the effects of chronic sleep fragmentation

Physical activity in healthy, older people. How many drops of sweat away from gain the health benefit?

Kujawska Agnieszka, Perkowski Radosław, Androsiuk-Perkowska Joanna, Skierkowska Natalia, Gajos Małgorzata, Topka Weronika, Kujawski Sławomir, Kędziora-Kornatowska Kornelia. Physical activity in healthy, older people. How many drops of sweat away from gain the health benefit?. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(7):412-422. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.833881 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4640 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.07.2017. Revised: 02.07.2017. Accepted: 23.07.2017. Physical activity in healthy, older people. How many drops of sweat away from gain the health benefit? Agnieszka Kujawska1, Radosław Perkowski1, Joanna Androsiuk-Perkowska1, Natalia Skierkowska1, Małgorzata Gajos1, Weronika Topka1, Sławomir Kujawski2, Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska1 1. Faculty of Health Sciences, Department and Clinic of Geriatrics, Nicolaus Copernicus University 2. Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Division of Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University Abstract Introduction: Aging process leads to increased risk of functional impairments and diseases occurrence. Sedentary lifestyle is one of the main risk factors the occurrence of chronic disease such a diabetes and cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, results of many studies showed that regular physical activity (PA) and physical exercise (PE) could decrease the risk of these hazards. Last decades were fruitful in developing evidence-based recommendations for physical activity and exercise in older people, therefore it is worth to examine dynamics of development and the similarities between different recommendations. Material and methods: Articles in the EBSCO database have been analyzed using keywords: older people, physical exercise, physical activity, recommendations, aerobic training, resistance training. Results: Studies showed that people who were more active during lifetime, have greater self-efficacy, better physical and mental health status and in general higher satisfaction on the autumn of their life. Every analyzed recommendation underlies the negative consequences of sedentary activity, however, there is no evidence-based “cut-off” point. Similarly, there is not clear optimal “dose” of PA or PE to prescribe for older patients. Conclusions: It seems that undertaking light level of PA activity is more beneficial than none PA or sedentary lifestyle. The newest recommendations underlie the possibility of the existence of positive linear relationship between the level of PA and health benefits: every additional amount of time spent on PA during week could be related with additional health benefit Key words: Older people, physical exercise, physical activity, recommendations, aerobic exercise training, resistance exercise trainin

Unruptured intracranial aneurysms: relation between morphology and wall strength

Aim of the study. To determine the morphological features distinguishing small unruptured saccular intracranial aneurysms (sIAs) with high and low wall strength (WS) in post mortem subjects.Clinical rationale for the study: Subarachnoid haemorrhage caused by sIA rupture is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Analysis of the morphology and biomechanical properties of sIAs might facilitate the identification of clinically relevant risk factors for sIA rupture.Material and methods. Eight single unruptured sIAs were found among eight subjects during 184 post mortem examinations. After assessment of the dimensions, aspect ratio (AR), size ratio (SR), height/width ratio (HW), bottleneck factor (BNF), and shape, sIAs with adjacent cerebral arteries were subjected to quasi-static increasing pressure until the wall of the cerebral artery or sIA ruptured.Results. In three specimens, the sIA ruptured at a significantly lower average pressure than the other cases, in which the rupture occurred within the wall of the adjacent cerebral artery (769 vs. 1,259 mmHg; p = 0.035). The sIAs with low WS, i.e. sIAs that ruptured during experiments, were characterised by significantly increased dome dimensions compared to sIAs with high WS (p &lt; 0.05). At the same time, no significant differences were observed between high and low WS categories regarding AR, SR, HW, and BNF, or the presence of an irregular dome shape.Conclusions and clinical implications. Dome dimension was the only feature that distinguished unruptured sIAs as having low or high WS, and this supports observations that sIAs with increased dome dimensions are characterised by an increased risk of rupture. Thus, dome dimension may be more useful than other morphometric parameters, such as AR, SR, HW and BNF, in assessing the rupture risk assessment of small unruptured sIAs

Effects of Sitting Callisthenic Balance and Resistance Exercise Programs on Cognitive Function in Older Participants

Background: Exercise training programs have the potential to improve cognitive function in older subjects. However, the majority of training programs are based on aerobic modality. In the current study, the influence of 3 months programs of sitting callisthenic balance (SCB) and resistance training (RT) on cognitive functioning and the mediating role that a change in the level of neurotrophic factors and strength in older, healthy participants plays were examined. Material and methods: Global cognitive function was examined using MoCA, short-term memory using Digit Span and Delayed Matching to Sample, set shifting using Trial Making Test Part B, speed of processing simple visual stimuli using Simple Reaction Time, decision making using Choice Reaction Time, visual attention with Visual Attention Test (VAT), tests. Strength of lower and upper limbs, neurotrophin level (irisin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), neurotrophin 4/5 (NT 4/5) were examined. Results: Improved scores in RT vs. SCB were noted in MoCA (p = 0.02), reaction time in SRT (p = 0.02), TMT B (p = 0.03), errors committed in CRT (p = 0.04) and VAT (p = 0.02) were observed. No significant changes in the level of neurotrophic factors were observed. Changes in upper limb strength were related to changes in the number of errors committed in the SRT (p = 0.03). Lower limb strength changes explained the dynamics of the number of correct answers (p = 0.002) and errors committed (p = 0.006) in VAT. Conclusions: Both SCB and RT influenced multiple cognitive domains. The RT program improved global cognitive functioning, while no improvement was noticed in the SCB group. Decision making, visual attention and global cognitive function were improved after the RT program. Set-shifting, short-term visual memory processing speed of simple visual stimuli were improved after the SCB program, while a decrease in the processing speed of simple visual stimuli was noted in the RT group. Changes in irisin were related to set-shifting and short-term memory, while in BDNF to an improvement in the processing speed of simple visual stimuli. Resistance exercise training programs could be applied to prevent age related declines of cognitive function in healthy older subjects