Determination of Spring Application Timing and Concentration for Use of ACP1911 (Event) at Coles County Airport, Illinois

A field test was conducted to determine the most effective spring application timing and the most effective concentration for use of American Cyanamid\u27s ACP1911 plant growth regulator. Three different concentrations of ACP 1911, also known as Event, were used for each of five different dates. The field test was conducted on rough turf at Coles County Airport, Illinois, in the spring and summer of 1987. The dominant grasses in the test site were fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.) and bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). Event was applied at concentrations of six, eight and ten ounces per acre on March 11, April 3, April 17, May 1 and May 16. Embark, a product of 3M Company, was applied for comparison on May 1. Event was evaluated for the reduction in weight, from control, of material harvested from the test plots. Subjective tests on the height, injury, color, seedhead production, and weed control in the test plots were also conducted to support the weight studies. These common subjective tests are included for completeness. It appeared that Event was most effective when applied at a concentration of ten ounces per acre regardless of application timing. Weight studies also indicate that, as time passes, later application dates become more effective than the previous dates: however, the overall percent reduction falls off. For the 5/14 sample date, the April 17 application date is most effective producing an 81% reduction from the control. For sample date 6/10, the May 1 application date is most effective producing a 78% reduction. Finally, the 7/10 sample date indicates application date 5/16 is most effective, producing only a 42% reduction. The subjective study on turf height supports the data from the weight studies. Later application dates also were more effective than previous dates, as time passed. Event, when used at the most effective concentration and applied at the most effective date, was superior to Embark at the reduction of turf growth

Bilateral thoracoscopic sympathectomy in patients with primary focal hyperhidrosis

Uvod: Primarna fokalna hiperhidroza (PFH) je poremećaj nepoznate etiologije koji se karakteriše prekomernim znojenjem na predilekcionim mestima. Podjednako se javlja kod osoba muškog i ženskog pola tokom dvadesetih i početkom tridesetih godina života, pri čemu se smatra da je učestalos PFH oko 2,8% u ukupnoj populaciji. Nastaje kao posledica hiperaktivnosti simaptičkog nervnog sistema ka znojnim žlezdama. Karakteristično je za PFH da se ne javlja noću, što sugeriše da emocionalni stimulus igra bitnu ulogu u nastanku ovog poremećaja. Bilateralna torakoskopska simpatektomija (BTS) je minimalno invazivna hirurška procedura koja se danas primenjuje u trajnom lečenju PFH, sa niskom stopom komplikacija i omogućava lečenje kao jednodnevne hirurške procedure. Ciljevi ovog istraživanja su bili: a) da se ispita ukupna efikasnost BTS na trajno smanjenje PFH predilekcionih delova tela - dlanova, pazušnih jama, lica i stopala; b) da se ispita efiksanost BTS kod osoba sa PFH u odnosu na različite nivoe transekcije simpatičkog lanca; c) da se ispita uticaj BTS na plućnu i srčanu funkciju kod operisanih osoba sa PFH; d) da se ispita pojava, trajanje i intenzitet kompenzatornog znojenja nakon BTS kod operisanih osoba sa PFH; e) da se ispita pojava, trajanje, lokalizacija i tretman postoperativnog bola nakon BTS kod osoba sa PFH; f) da se utvrde postoperativne komplikacije BTS kod osoba sa PFH; i g) da se ispita uticaj BTS na kvalitet života kod operisanih osoba sa PFH. Radna hipoteza istraživanja je bila da hirurška procedura - minimlano invazivna BTS ima značajan efekat na prekomerno znojenje na predilekcionim mestima kod osoba sa PFH, da je praćena sa minimalnim morbiditetom, bez kliničkog uticaja na plućnu i srčanu funkciju i da značajno poboljšava kvalitet života operisanih osoba. Materijal i metod: Urađena je prospektivna klinička studija koja je uključila 435 osoba sa PFH, koji su operisani bilateralnom torakoskopskom simpatektomijom, na Klinici za grudnu hirurgiju, Instituta za plućne bolesti Vojvodine u Sremskoj Kamenici između 2010 i 2014 godine. Kriterijumi za uključivanje u studiju bili su: a) da su osobe sa utvrđenom i procenjenom PFH pristale da učestvuju u istraživanju ispunjavajući preoperativno i postoperativno upitnike o efektima BTS i kvalitetu života nakon operacije; b) da nisu imali prethodne grudno hirurške intervencije, frakture rebara, masivne pneumonije ili empijem pleure; c) da nisu imali teški poremećaj plućne ili srčane funkcije; d) da ne boluju od sekundarne hiperhidroze. Primarna fokalna hiperhidroza je bila ustanovljena i procenjena anamnestičkim podacima, kliničkom slikom i pregledom koji je bio fokusiran na kvalitativno ispitivanje. Bilateralna torakoskopska simpatektomija izvođena je u opštoj anesteziji, a transekcija simpatičkog lanca je rađena pomoću ultrazvučno aktiviranog skalpela. Osobe sa izvedenom BTS zbog PFH bile su klasifikovane u tri grupe, u zavisnosti od nivoa transekcije simpatičkog lanca: a) transekcija na nivou drugog do četvrtog torakalnog gangliona (T2-T4); b) transekcija na nivou trećeg do četvrtog torakalnog gangliona (T3-T4); i c) transekcija na nivou drugog do trećeg torakalnog gangliona (T2-T3). Za procenu kompenzatornog znojenja i kvaliteta života korišćene je: Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) za intenzitet kompenzatornog znojenja i kvaliteta života nakon BTS. Rezultati: Od 435 osoba sa PFH kod kojih je urađena BTS, bilo je 142 (32,64%) osobe muškog pola i 293 (67,36%) osoba ženskog pola, prosečne starosti od 29,68±7,6 godina. Pozitivan nasledni faktor navelo je 167 osoba (38,62%). Najčešća lokalizacija prekomernog znojenja kod osoba u ovom istraživanju je bila kombinacija dlanova, pazušnih jama i tabana, koju je imalo 167 osoba (38,39%). Pre operacije, preko 60% ispitivanih osoba je navelo da im je kvalitet života loš ili izuzetno loš. Kod svih operisanih osoba u ovom istraživanju, operacija je izvedena uspešno obostrano. Nije bilo smrtnih ishoda. Od intraoperativnih komplikacija zabeležena je jedna konverzija (0,23%) u minitorakotomiju zbog krvavljenja iz interkostalne vene. Neposredni postoperativni uspeh BTS kod operisanih osoba zbog PFH, a na osnovu prve kontrole posle nedelju dana bio je zabeležen kod svih (99,54%), osim kod dve osobe (0,46%) koje su imale postoperativne komplikacije: pareza n. ulnarisa i Hornerov sindrom kod jedne osobe i Horner sindrom kod druge osobe. Postoperativni morbiditet nakon BTS bio je zabeležen kod 32 osobe (7,35%). Izrazito poboljšanje, odnosno značajno smanjenje znojenja kod osoba sa PFH zabeleženo je kod 428 operisanih (98,39%). Osobe sa transekcijom simpatičkog lanca na nivou gangliona T3-T4 imali su najbolji rezultat sa poboljšanjem kvaliteta života u 85,03% operisanih. Kompenzatorno znojenje se nakon BTS javilo kod 316 (72,64%) operisanih osoba, a samo 2,53% je navelo da je postoperativno kompenzatorno znojenje izuzetno jakog intenziteta. Postoperativni bol bio je prisutan kod 79,77% operisanih osoba, sa prosečnim trajanjem do dve nedelje. Analgetike je postoperativno koristilo 24,21% anketiranih osoba. Od 287 operisanih osoba u ovom istraživanju, koji su pre operacije naveli da su imali i prekomerno znojenje tabana, nakon 6 meseci 185 osoba (64,46%) je navelo da se prekomerno znojenje tabana smanjilo. Iako postoji statistička značajnost u promeni vitalnog kapaciteta u smislu njegovog povećanja šest meseci nakon BTS (sa 4,49±1,15 L na 4,54±1,11 L), ta promena nije bila klinički relevantna. Promene u krvnom pritisku i srčanom pulsu, iako zabeležene, takođe nisu imale klinički značaj. Kvalitet života, pre BTS ocenjen kao loš (i izuzetno loš) bio je prisutan kod 265 osoba (60, 92%), a 6 meseci posle operacije ocenjen je kao odličan i dobar kod 428 osoba (98,39%). Zaključak: BTS kao minimalno invazivna hirurška procedura kod osoba sa PFH ima minimalni morbiditet, a visoku uspešnost u smanjenju prekomernog znojenja na predilekcionim mestima, sa poboljšanjem kvaliteta života kod 98,39% operisanih, sa minimalnim promenama plućne i srčane funkcije koje nisu klinički relevantne.Primary focal hyperhidrosis (PFH) is a disorder of an unknown etiology, characterized by excessive sweating of predilective parts of the body. It affects men and women equally, with a peak incidence in the later second and early third decades of life, with incidence of up to 2,8% of the world population. It is caused by hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system to the sweat glands. It has been shown that PFH does not occur during the sleeping times, which suggests that emotional stimuli play an important role in this disorder. Bilateral thoracoscopic sympathectomy (BTS) is minimal invasive surgical procedure, which has evolved into an effective and permanent treatment for severe PFH, with low rate of morbidity and it can be performed as the one day surgical procedure. The aims of this investigation were: a) to examine the overall efficiency of BTS on permanent reduction of PFH of predilective parts of the body-palms, armpits, faces and soles; b) to examine the efficiency of BTS with different levels of transection among the persons with the PFH; c) to examine the influence of BTS on cardio-pulmonary function tests in persons with PFH after the operation; d) to examine the incidence, duration and intensity of compensatory sweating after BTS among persons with PFH; e) to examine the incidence, duration, localization and treatment of postoperative pain after BTS among persons with PFH; f) to determine postoperative complications of BTS among persons with PFH; g) to examine the influence of BTS on quality of life among persons with PFH. The working hypothesis of this investigation is that surgical procedure – minimal invasive BTS has the permanent effect on excessive sweating of predilective parts of the body among persons with PFH, followed by minimal morbidity, without clinical influence on cardio-pulmonary function and significantly improves the quality of life among persons with PFH. This was a prospective clinical study which included 435 patients with PFH, who have been operated with BTS, at the Clinic for Thoracic surgery, the Institute for pulmonary diseases of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, between 2010 and 2014. The including criteria for the investigation were: a) persons with confirmed and estimated PFH accepted to participate in this investigation, fulfilling pre and postoperatively questionnaire about BTS effects and quality of life after the operation; b) absence of previous thoracic surgical procedures, rib fractures, massive pneumonias or pleural empyema; c) satisfactory cardio-respiratory function; d) absence of secondary hyperhidrosis. Primary focal hyperhidrosis was confirmed and estimated by anamnesis, clinical examination focused on qualitatively examination. Bilateral thoracoscopic sympathectomy was performed with general anesthesia, using harmonic scalpel for transection of sympathetic chain. Persons with PFH who underwent the BTS were classified into three groups, depending the level of transaction of sympathetic chain: a) transection at the level from the second to the forth thoracic sympathetic ganglion (T2-T4); b) transection at the level from the third to the forth thoracic sympathetic ganglion (T3-T4); c) transection at the level from the second to the third thoracic sympathetic ganglion (T2-T3). For the assessment of postoperative pain, compensatory sweating and quality of life next scales have been used: standardized numeric pain rating scale and Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) for intensity of compensatory sweating and quality of life. Among 435 persons with PFH who underwent the BTS in this investigation, 142 (32,64%) were male and 293 (67,36%) female persons, with mean age of 29,68±7,6. There was no mortality or serious intraoperative complications that required operative conversio from minimal invasive surgical procedure to thoracotomy. Among 435 persons with PFH who underwent the BTS in this investigation, 142 (32,64%) were male and 293 (67,36%) female persons, with mean age of 29,68±7,6. Positive genetic factor has been found in 167 persons (38,62%). The most common localisation of excessive sweating in this investigation was the combination of palms, armpits and soles in 167 persons (38,39%). Before the operation, over 60% of persons estimated their quallity of life as bad or very bad. The operation was successfully performed in all patients bilaterally. There was no mortality in this investigation. There was one intraoperative complication, bleeding from intercostal vein, requiring conversion to minithoracotomy. Immediatelly postoperative success after BTS seven days after the operation was achieved in all persons accepted in two persons (0,46%) due to the postoperative complications: nervous ulnaris paresis and Horner syndrome in one person and Horener syndome in the other person. Postoperative morbidity after the BTS was recoreded in 32 persons (7,35%). Marked improvement, as significant reduction of sweating in persons with PFH was achieved in 428 operated persons (98,39%). Transection of sympathetic chain on level T3-T4 achieved improvement of quality of life in 85,03% operated persons with PFH. Compensatory sweating after the BTS has occurred in 316 (72,64%) operated persons, but only 2,53% operated persons declared compensatory sweating as severe. Postoperative pain was presented in 79,77% operated persons, with average duration of two weeks. Analgetics used only 24,21% of operated persons. There were 287 operated persons in this investigation, who claimed to have plantar hyperhidrosis before the operation and six months after the operation 185 persons (64,46%) claimed to have a reduction of plantar sweating. Although there was a clinical significance in changes of vital capacity after the BTS (from 4,49±1,15 L to 4,54±1,11 L), ther was no clinical significance. Changes in blood pressure and heart rate, although recoreded, had no clinical significance. Quality of life, before the BTS was recorded as bad or very bad in 265 persons (60,92%), and six months after the operation as excellent or good in 428 persons (98,39%) persons. Conclusion: In patients with PFH, BTS as minimal invasive surgical procedure, has a minimal morbidity and high success in treatment of excessive sweating, with improvemnet of quality of life in 98,39% operated person, with changes in cardio-pulmonary functions that are not clinical relevant

Risk factors relevant for respiratory rehabilitation outcome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

Hronična opstruktivna bolest pluća (HOBP) jedna je od vodećih uzroka morbiditeta i mortaliteta širom sveta. Uprkos stalnom napretku u medicini, uvođenju novih prognostičkih biomarkera, otkrivanju novih bronhodilatatornih, antiniflamatornih i antiinfektivnih lekova, ova bolest i danas beleži stalan porast broja obolelih i umrlih. Prema savremenom tumačenju HOBP je heterogena bolest koja je udružena sa brojnim komorbiditetima i sistemskim manifestacijama. Zajednički faktori rizika su osnova za javljanje udruženih hroničnih bolesti. Komorbiditeti i akutne egzacerbacije doprinose ukupnoj težini bolesti. S obzirom da se HOBP manifestuje i izvan pluća kod svakog pacijenta je neophodno proceniti postojanje sistemskih manifestacija i tragati za komorbiditetima. U reviziji „Globalne strategije za dijagnozu, lečenje i prevenciju hronične opstruktivne bolesti pluća GOLD‖ iz 2011. godine navedene sledeće pridružene bolesti za kojima je potrebno aktivno tragati: kardiovaskularne bolesti, disfunkcija skeletnih mišića, metabolički sindrom, osteoporoza, depresija i karcinom pluća, bronhiektazije. Lečenje HOBP delimo u dve velike grupe: farmakološko i nefarmakološko. Farmakološko lečenje prema GOLD-u, danas se zasniva na stepenastom pristupu. Treba ga sprovodi kod svakog pacijenta sa simptomima. Poslednjih godina na značaju veoma dobija nefarmakološko lečenje pacijenata sa HOBP, zbog sve više dokaza o pozitivnom efektu na smanjenje simptoma bolesti, popravljanja tolerancije na napor, smanjenje egzacerbacija. U nefarmakološko lečenje ubrajamo: aktivno izbegavanje faktora rizika, prestanak pušenja, oksigenoterapiju, vakcinaciju protiv gripa, psihosocijalnu podršku, respiratornu rehabilitaciju (RR) i hirurško lečenje. Danas se zna da RR ostvaruje brojne benefite kod pacijenata sa HOBP, kao i da je većina tih benefita zasnovana na dokazima (GOLD 2013): poboljšava kapacitet za vežbanje, smanjene osećaja nedostatka vazduha, poboljšava kvalitet života, smanjuje broj hospitalizacija i dužinu hospitalizacije, smanjuje anksioznost i depresiju povezane sa HOBP, efekti traju i nakon završenog programa rehabilitacije, poboljšava preživljavanje ovih pacijenata. Primarni ciljevi našeg istraţivanja bili su da se utvrdi procenat ispitanika kod kojih je ostvaren pozitivan ishod respiratorne rehabilitacije, da se odredi povezanost sledećih faktora sa ishodom respiratorne rehabilitacije: pol, godine života, „pack/years―, dužina trajanja bolesti, broj egzacerbacija u prethodnoj godini, pridružena oboljenja: ishemijska bolest srca, srčana insuficijencija, hipertenzija, osteoporoza, depresija, dijabetes, bronhiektazije, karcinom pluća, tuberkuloza pluća. Takođe smo želeli da utvrdimo i uticaj sledećih parametara na ishod rr:FEV1, BMI, satO2, 6-minutni test hoda, „CAT― upitnik, „mMRC― upitnik, BODE indeks. Urađena je retrospektivno-prospektivna studija, koja je uključila 500 pacijenata sa HOBP, svih stadijuma I-IV , u stabilnoj fazi bolesti, koji su u toku dvogodišnjeg perioda odradili kompletan program ambulantne respiratorne rehabilitacije. Program je sprovođen u Poliklinici za plućne bolesti, Instituta za plućne bolesti Vojvodine. Dobijeni rezultati pokazali su da je 452 pacijenta (90,4%) ostvarilo pozitivan ishod RR: najviše ispitanika 142 (28,4%) bilo je u kategoriji vrlo dobar, potom slede kategorije dobar sa 129 ispitanika (25,8%), zadovoljavajući sa 102 ispitanika (20,4%), i na kraju kategorija odličan sa ukupno 79 (15,8%) ispitanika. Nakon programa RR došlo je do statistički značajnih poboljšanja u vrednostima FEV1, 6MTH, satO2, CAT, mMRC, BODE indeksa. Pol, starost, pušački status, dužina trajanja bolesti i ≥2 egzacerbacije u prethodnoj godini nemaju uticaja na uspešan ishod RR. Utvrđeno je postojanje statistički značajne negativne korelacije između srčane slabosti i pozitivnog ishoda respiratorne rehabilitacije, dok nije nađena statistički značajna povezanost ostalih ispitivanih komorbiditeta sa pozitivnim ishodom respiratorne rehabilitacije. Kao statistički značajni univarijantni prediktori pozitivnog ishoda respiratorne rehabilitacije jesu: manji broj pridruženih bolesti, odsustvo srčane slabosti, niža saturacija hemoglobin kiseonikom, veći BMI, mMRC ≥ 2, CAT ≥ 10, B i D stadijumi bolesti, dok je multivarijantnom logističkom regresionom analizom pokazano da su nezavisni prediktori pozitivnog ishoda respiratorne rehabilitacije: manji broj pridruženih bolesti, odsustvo srčane slabosti, veći BMI, CAT ≥ 10.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading morbidity and mortality causes all over the world. Despite the steady advance in scientific research, introduction of novel prognostic biomarkers, new and potent bronchodilation, anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious drugs, a constant increase in the number of the affected and deceased from chronic obstructive pulmonary diseas has still been permanently evidenced in the 21st century. In a modern concept, the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is understood as a heterogenous disorder associated with numerous comorbidities and systemic manifestations. Common risk factors represent the basis for concomitant chronic diseases to develop. Comorbidities and acute exacerbations contribute to the overall disease severity. As a COPD may develop extrapulmonary manifestations as well, each patient should be evaluated for systemic manifestations and comorbidities. The 2011 update of the „Global Strategy for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention –GOLD‖ lists the following comorbidities to be actively searched for: cardiovascular diseases, skeletal muscle dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, depression, lung cancer and bronchiectases. The treatment of COPD can be devided in two groups: pharmacological and non-pharmacological. Pharmacological treatment is today, according to GOLD, based on incremental approach. It should be carry out in every patient with simptoms. In last few years, non-pharmacological treatment of COPD is very popular, due to the evidence of positive effects on decreasing the simptoms, increasing the tolerance to exertion and decreasing the exacerbations. Non-pharmacological treatment consider: active avoiding the risk factors, smoking cessation, oxigenotherapy, vaccination against the flu, psicho-social support, respiratory rehabilitation and surgery. It is well known today that respiratory rehabilitation achieve numerous benefits in COPD patients and most of that benefits are evidence based (GOLD 2013): increasing the exercise capacity, decreasing the shortness of breath, increasing the quality of life, reduces the number and length of hospital stay, decreasing the anxiety and depression conected to COPD, the effects lasts and after the rehabilitation program, improves the survival of this patients. The primary goals of this investigation were to establish the percentage of patients with positive outcome after the respiratory rehabilitation, to determine the conection of the following factors with the outcome of respiratory rehabilitation: gender, age, „pack/years―, duration of the disease, the number of exacerbations in previous year, comorbidities: ischemic heart disease, heart failure, arterial hypertension, osteoporosis, depression, diabetes mellitus, bronchiectasis, lung cancer, tuberculosis. The other goals were to establish the influence of some parametars on the outcome of respiratory rehabilitation: FEV1, BMI, SaO2 ,6 minute walk test, „CAT― questionnaire, „mMRC― questionnaire, BODE index. This was retrospective-prospective study the included 500 patients with COPD, from I to IV stadium, in stable disease, who have done the two years complete program of ambulatory respiratory rehabilitation. The program have been done in polyclinic for respiratory diseases, Institute for pulmonary disesases of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica. The results showed that 452 patients (90,4%) achieved positive outcome of respiratory rehabilitation. The majority of patients 142 (28,4%) were in ―very good‖ caterogy, the 129 patients (25,8%) in category ―good‖, ―satisfied‖ 102 patients (20,4%) and ―excellent‖ 79 patients (15.8%). After completion of the respiratory rehabilitation program, statistically significant improvements of the following parameters have been achieved: FEV1, 6MTH, SaO2, mMRC, BODE index. Gender, age, smoking, duration of the disease and ≥2 exacerbations in previous year did not have influence on the successful respiratory rehabilitation outcome. The statistically significant negative correlation between the heart failure and positive respiratory rehabilitation outcome has been achieved, while there were no statistically significant correlations among other comorbidities and the successful respiratory rehabilitation outcome. The statistically significant univariant predictors of positive outcome of respiratory rehabilitation are: less comorbidities, absence of heart failure, lower oxygen saturation, higher BMI, , mMRC ≥ 2, CAT ≥ 10, B i D stadium of disease, while multivariant logistic regression analysis showed that the independent predictors of positive outcome of respiratory rehabilitation are: less comorbidities, absence of heart failure, higher BMI, CAT ≥ 10

Machine Vision Systems for Industry

Import 05/08/2014Diplomová práca sa zaoberá oblasťou spracovania a analýzy obrazu a jeho následného použitia v priemysle. Približuje posledné kamerové technológie a techniky, ktoré sú v súčasnosti používané na účely testovania, kontroly a merania. V práci sú vysvetlené prípady použitia rôznych typov senzorov pre určité snímané scény, rozobrané parametre a chyby objektívov. Ďalej sú popísané rôzne osvetľovacie techniky, ktoré zamedzujú odleskom alebo dopomáhajú k zvýrazneniu hrán, kontúr, obrysov a chýb. Na záver práce je zostavená vlastná scéna, ktorou úlohou je ukázať vyhodnocovanie pohybu pomocou vysokorýchlostnej kamery. Vyhodnocovanie obrazu prebieha na PC. Ako hlavný programovací nástroj je použité LabVIEW a jeho nástroje pre spracovanie obrazu.This thesis deals with the area of image processing and analysis and its subsequent industrial use. It describes the latest machine vision technologies and techniques that are currently used for testing, control and measurement. The thesis explains some examples of the use of different types of sensors for particular scanned areas, examined parameters and lens errors. It also describes different machine vision lightning technologies, which prevent reflection or help to heighten the edges, contours, profiles and errors. At the end of the thesis there is an assembled scene which demonstrates how the object motion is calculated. The image calculation takes place on a computer. The main used programming tool is LabVIEW with its tools for image processing.450 - Katedra kybernetiky a biomedicínského inženýrstvívýborn

Risk factors relevant for respiratory rehabilitation outcome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

Hronična opstruktivna bolest pluća (HOBP) jedna je od vodećih uzroka morbiditeta i mortaliteta širom sveta. Uprkos stalnom napretku u medicini, uvođenju novih prognostičkih biomarkera, otkrivanju novih bronhodilatatornih, antiniflamatornih i antiinfektivnih lekova, ova bolest i danas beleži stalan porast broja obolelih i umrlih. Prema savremenom tumačenju HOBP je heterogena bolest koja je udružena sa brojnim komorbiditetima i sistemskim manifestacijama. Zajednički faktori rizika su osnova za javljanje udruženih hroničnih bolesti. Komorbiditeti i akutne egzacerbacije doprinose ukupnoj težini bolesti. S obzirom da se HOBP manifestuje i izvan pluća kod svakog pacijenta je neophodno proceniti postojanje sistemskih manifestacija i tragati za komorbiditetima. U reviziji „Globalne strategije za dijagnozu, lečenje i prevenciju hronične opstruktivne bolesti pluća GOLD‖ iz 2011. godine navedene sledeće pridružene bolesti za kojima je potrebno aktivno tragati: kardiovaskularne bolesti, disfunkcija skeletnih mišića, metabolički sindrom, osteoporoza, depresija i karcinom pluća, bronhiektazije. Lečenje HOBP delimo u dve velike grupe: farmakološko i nefarmakološko. Farmakološko lečenje prema GOLD-u, danas se zasniva na stepenastom pristupu. Treba ga sprovodi kod svakog pacijenta sa simptomima. Poslednjih godina na značaju veoma dobija nefarmakološko lečenje pacijenata sa HOBP, zbog sve više dokaza o pozitivnom efektu na smanjenje simptoma bolesti, popravljanja tolerancije na napor, smanjenje egzacerbacija. U nefarmakološko lečenje ubrajamo: aktivno izbegavanje faktora rizika, prestanak pušenja, oksigenoterapiju, vakcinaciju protiv gripa, psihosocijalnu podršku, respiratornu rehabilitaciju (RR) i hirurško lečenje. Danas se zna da RR ostvaruje brojne benefite kod pacijenata sa HOBP, kao i da je većina tih benefita zasnovana na dokazima (GOLD 2013): poboljšava kapacitet za vežbanje, smanjene osećaja nedostatka vazduha, poboljšava kvalitet života, smanjuje broj hospitalizacija i dužinu hospitalizacije, smanjuje anksioznost i depresiju povezane sa HOBP, efekti traju i nakon završenog programa rehabilitacije, poboljšava preživljavanje ovih pacijenata. Primarni ciljevi našeg istraţivanja bili su da se utvrdi procenat ispitanika kod kojih je ostvaren pozitivan ishod respiratorne rehabilitacije, da se odredi povezanost sledećih faktora sa ishodom respiratorne rehabilitacije: pol, godine života, „pack/years―, dužina trajanja bolesti, broj egzacerbacija u prethodnoj godini, pridružena oboljenja: ishemijska bolest srca, srčana insuficijencija, hipertenzija, osteoporoza, depresija, dijabetes, bronhiektazije, karcinom pluća, tuberkuloza pluća. Takođe smo želeli da utvrdimo i uticaj sledećih parametara na ishod rr:FEV1, BMI, satO2, 6-minutni test hoda, „CAT― upitnik, „mMRC― upitnik, BODE indeks. Urađena je retrospektivno-prospektivna studija, koja je uključila 500 pacijenata sa HOBP, svih stadijuma I-IV , u stabilnoj fazi bolesti, koji su u toku dvogodišnjeg perioda odradili kompletan program ambulantne respiratorne rehabilitacije. Program je sprovođen u Poliklinici za plućne bolesti, Instituta za plućne bolesti Vojvodine. Dobijeni rezultati pokazali su da je 452 pacijenta (90,4%) ostvarilo pozitivan ishod RR: najviše ispitanika 142 (28,4%) bilo je u kategoriji vrlo dobar, potom slede kategorije dobar sa 129 ispitanika (25,8%), zadovoljavajući sa 102 ispitanika (20,4%), i na kraju kategorija odličan sa ukupno 79 (15,8%) ispitanika. Nakon programa RR došlo je do statistički značajnih poboljšanja u vrednostima FEV1, 6MTH, satO2, CAT, mMRC, BODE indeksa. Pol, starost, pušački status, dužina trajanja bolesti i ≥2 egzacerbacije u prethodnoj godini nemaju uticaja na uspešan ishod RR. Utvrđeno je postojanje statistički značajne negativne korelacije između srčane slabosti i pozitivnog ishoda respiratorne rehabilitacije, dok nije nađena statistički značajna povezanost ostalih ispitivanih komorbiditeta sa pozitivnim ishodom respiratorne rehabilitacije. Kao statistički značajni univarijantni prediktori pozitivnog ishoda respiratorne rehabilitacije jesu: manji broj pridruženih bolesti, odsustvo srčane slabosti, niža saturacija hemoglobin kiseonikom, veći BMI, mMRC ≥ 2, CAT ≥ 10, B i D stadijumi bolesti, dok je multivarijantnom logističkom regresionom analizom pokazano da su nezavisni prediktori pozitivnog ishoda respiratorne rehabilitacije: manji broj pridruženih bolesti, odsustvo srčane slabosti, veći BMI, CAT ≥ 10.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading morbidity and mortality causes all over the world. Despite the steady advance in scientific research, introduction of novel prognostic biomarkers, new and potent bronchodilation, anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious drugs, a constant increase in the number of the affected and deceased from chronic obstructive pulmonary diseas has still been permanently evidenced in the 21st century. In a modern concept, the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is understood as a heterogenous disorder associated with numerous comorbidities and systemic manifestations. Common risk factors represent the basis for concomitant chronic diseases to develop. Comorbidities and acute exacerbations contribute to the overall disease severity. As a COPD may develop extrapulmonary manifestations as well, each patient should be evaluated for systemic manifestations and comorbidities. The 2011 update of the „Global Strategy for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention –GOLD‖ lists the following comorbidities to be actively searched for: cardiovascular diseases, skeletal muscle dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, depression, lung cancer and bronchiectases. The treatment of COPD can be devided in two groups: pharmacological and non-pharmacological. Pharmacological treatment is today, according to GOLD, based on incremental approach. It should be carry out in every patient with simptoms. In last few years, non-pharmacological treatment of COPD is very popular, due to the evidence of positive effects on decreasing the simptoms, increasing the tolerance to exertion and decreasing the exacerbations. Non-pharmacological treatment consider: active avoiding the risk factors, smoking cessation, oxigenotherapy, vaccination against the flu, psicho-social support, respiratory rehabilitation and surgery. It is well known today that respiratory rehabilitation achieve numerous benefits in COPD patients and most of that benefits are evidence based (GOLD 2013): increasing the exercise capacity, decreasing the shortness of breath, increasing the quality of life, reduces the number and length of hospital stay, decreasing the anxiety and depression conected to COPD, the effects lasts and after the rehabilitation program, improves the survival of this patients. The primary goals of this investigation were to establish the percentage of patients with positive outcome after the respiratory rehabilitation, to determine the conection of the following factors with the outcome of respiratory rehabilitation: gender, age, „pack/years―, duration of the disease, the number of exacerbations in previous year, comorbidities: ischemic heart disease, heart failure, arterial hypertension, osteoporosis, depression, diabetes mellitus, bronchiectasis, lung cancer, tuberculosis. The other goals were to establish the influence of some parametars on the outcome of respiratory rehabilitation: FEV1, BMI, SaO2 ,6 minute walk test, „CAT― questionnaire, „mMRC― questionnaire, BODE index. This was retrospective-prospective study the included 500 patients with COPD, from I to IV stadium, in stable disease, who have done the two years complete program of ambulatory respiratory rehabilitation. The program have been done in polyclinic for respiratory diseases, Institute for pulmonary disesases of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica. The results showed that 452 patients (90,4%) achieved positive outcome of respiratory rehabilitation. The majority of patients 142 (28,4%) were in ―very good‖ caterogy, the 129 patients (25,8%) in category ―good‖, ―satisfied‖ 102 patients (20,4%) and ―excellent‖ 79 patients (15.8%). After completion of the respiratory rehabilitation program, statistically significant improvements of the following parameters have been achieved: FEV1, 6MTH, SaO2, mMRC, BODE index. Gender, age, smoking, duration of the disease and ≥2 exacerbations in previous year did not have influence on the successful respiratory rehabilitation outcome. The statistically significant negative correlation between the heart failure and positive respiratory rehabilitation outcome has been achieved, while there were no statistically significant correlations among other comorbidities and the successful respiratory rehabilitation outcome. The statistically significant univariant predictors of positive outcome of respiratory rehabilitation are: less comorbidities, absence of heart failure, lower oxygen saturation, higher BMI, , mMRC ≥ 2, CAT ≥ 10, B i D stadium of disease, while multivariant logistic regression analysis showed that the independent predictors of positive outcome of respiratory rehabilitation are: less comorbidities, absence of heart failure, higher BMI, CAT ≥ 10

Efekat naftenskih kiselina na ožiljavanje mikroizbojaka bele topole (Populus alba L.)

Naphtenic acids, by-product in oil refinement, are well known soil pollutants and active substances in preparations for plant and wood protection. The results of multiannual research indicated the possibility of their utilization for stimulation of cutting rooting. Two to three cm high shoots of Populus alba cl. LBM genotype were set for one hour on ACM medium with 4, 16 or 48 μM concentration of indol-3-butyric acid, 1-naphthalene acetic acid or Na-salts of naphthenic acids (for which the effect of 10 and 30 minutes treatment on medium with 48 μM was also examined). Then, treated micro-shoots were transferred on ACM medium without hormones. The differences among treatments were the most distinguishable for rooting percentage after two weeks of cultivation. One-hour treatment on the medium with 16 μM and 30 minutes treatment on medium with 48 μM of Na-naphthenates gave the best results. .Naftenske kiseline, nusproizvodi u procesu rafinacije nafte, su poznati zagađivači zemljišta i aktivna materija sredstava za zaštitu biljka i drveta. Rezultati višegodišnjih istraživanja ukazuju i na mogućnost njihove upotrebe kao sredstava za stimulaciju oživljavanja reznica. Dva do tri cm visoki mikroizbojci genotipa Populus alba cl. LBM su jedan čas bili postavljeni na ACM podlozi sa 4, 16 ili 48 μM koncentracijom indolbuterne kiseline, naftilsirćetne kiseline ili Na-soli naftenskih kiselina (kod kojih je ispitan i uticaj 10-to i 30-to minutnog tretmana pri koncentraciji 48 μM). Zatim su mikroizbojci postavljeni na ACM podlogu bez hormona. Razlike među tretmanima su se najviše ispoljile u procentu ožiljavanja nakon dve nedelje kultivacije. Jednočasovni tretmani na podlozi sa 16 μM i polučasovni na podlozi sa 48 μM Na-naftenata su dali najbolje rezultate.

Effects of Naphthenic Acids on Rooting of In Vitro Grown Sequoia sempervirens

The study describes the effect of naphthenates and their fractions on rooting of in vitro grown Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl. shoots. Natural naphthenic acids have been isolated by alkaline extraction from the middle gas fraction of the crude oil. Sequoia sempervirens shoots (1 cm in length) were grown on Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) medium supplemented with either total naphthenate preparation, naphthenate fractions obtained by extraction on different pH (pH 2, pH 4, pH 7 and pH 9), or indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in different concentrations (twenty treatments tested). The rooting testing was based on number and total length of roots formed after four weeks of in vitro growth. Similarly to total length of roots, the highest number of roots per explant (approximate to 7) was achieved in medium containing 50 mu M of the naphthenate fraction extracted at pH 2 and in medium containing 50 mu M of the fraction extracted at pH 9. That is triple higher than in the control and significantly better than in the best IBA-treatment (50 mu M IBA), where five roots per explants in average were formed. Similar to the results obtained for some agricultural and tree forest species, our results with Sequoia sempervirens confirm the possibility of rooting stimulation by naphthenates

Genome Regulation using a Newly Designed Neural Network

SGS-2019-02

Naftenske kiseline - alternativni stimulatori ožiljavanja kod mikroizbojaka bagrema

The study describes the rooting effect of naphthenates and their fractions on in vitro grown Robinia pseudoacacia L. shoots. Natural naphthenic acids have been isolated by alkaline extraction from middle fraction of crude oil type “Velebit” from Vojvodina, characterized and fractionated. Black locust shoot bases were immersed in ACM medium [Ahuja, 1984] without agar supplemented with either 10, 50 or 100 µM of basic naphthenate preparation, naphthenate fractions obtained by extraction at different pHs (pH 2, pH 4, pH 7 and pH 9), or indole3-butyric acid (IBA). Treated shoots have been then grown on hormone-free medium for four weeks. Significant differences among test treatments were recorded during the third and the fourth week of in vitro cultivation. Final evaluation was performed on the basis of rooting percentage after four weeks of cultivation. The highest rooting percentage (>70%) was achieved after the treatment with solution containing 50 µM of IBA. However, treatment with 10 µM of naphthenate preparation achieved also positive effect on rooting (>60%). Average rooting percentage in the control treatment was just 45%. Our results with black locust confirm previous results gained with some other agricultural and forest tree species that naphthenates have the potential to stimulate rooting in shoots and cuttings.Rad opisuje efekat naftenata na ožiljavanje mikroizbojaka bagrema in vitro. Naftenske kiseline su izolovane baznom ekstrakcijom iz srednje frakcije sirove nafte tipa “Velebit”, koja je opisana u ranijim radovima. Donji deo mikroizbojka je uronjen jedan minut u tečni ACM medijum [Ahuja, 1984] u koji je dodato 10, 50 ili 100 µM osnovne mešavine natrijum-naftenata ili njenih pojedinih frakcija dobijenih ekstrakcijom na različitim pH (pH 2, pH 4, pH 7 ili pH 9), odnosno 10, 50, 100 µM ili 1g/l indol-3-buterne kiseline (IBA). Kontrolni tretman je činio ACM medijum bez ispitivanih aktivnih materija. Tretirani mikroizbojci su zatim gajeni na čvrstoj ACM podlozi bez hormona. Značajne razlike među ispitivanim tretmanima su zabeležene tokom treće i četvrte nedelje uzgoja u in vitro uslovima. Konačna ocena je izvedena na osnovu procenta ožiljavanja nakon četiri nedelje uzgoja. Najviši procenat ožiljavanja je postignut rastvorom sa 10 µM natrijum naftenata, nakon čega je ostvaren značajan pozitivan efekat na procenat ožiljavanja (>60%) u odnosu na kontrolni tretman (oko 45%). Rezultati do kojih smo došli kod bagrema potvrđuju ranije rezultate koji su dobijeni kod poljoprivrednih i šumskih drvenastih vrsta o mogućnosti stimulacije ožiljavanja mikroizbojaka i reznica solima naftenskih kiselina

Fractionation of complex mixtures of naphthenic acids, their characterization and biological activity

Naphthenic acids (NAs) are complex mixtures of cycloaliphatic and alkyl-substituted acyclic carboxylic acids whose overall characteristics are determined by the composition of the mixture. A complex mixture of NAs from a commercial fraction of atmospheric oil of the Vojvodina naphthenic crude "Velebit" (Serbia) was separated into narrower fractions on the basis of their acidity. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis of the fractions showed the occurrence of structural differentiation of acids. By extraction at pH 3-5, about 50% of the total mass of acids was separated, consisting predominantly of tricyclic and bicyclic structures. Acids of lower acidity, (about 22%), separated at pH 9 and 10, and their dominant constituents were acids with three, four and five rings. A correlation was found between the dominant structure and the biological activity of NAs of the fractions. The fraction extracted at pH 8, also with dominant bicyclic and tricyclic structures, showed the highest auxin and gibberellin activities