The Role of the Export-import Bank in Developing the Export Potential of Aircraft Sales

A description of the current patterns, terms, and conditions of Eximbank commercial jet aircraft export financing is given. Some discussion of the factors affecting export financing will be noted

Editorial

Peer Reviewe

Angewandte und Kritische Geographie. Gemeinsame Herausforderungen, gemeinsame Perspektiven?

Innerhalb der Humangeographie erscheinen Angewandte und Kritische Geographie oft als zwei getrennte Welten, die vermeintlich kaum inhaltliche Berührungspunkte haben, geschweige denn ein geteiltes Anliegen verfolgen. Implizit steht dabei die Annahme im Raum, dass zwischen beiden Forschungsperspektiven grundsätzliche Widersprüche bestehen, welche die Suche nach Gemeinsamkeiten erschweren, wenn nicht sogar von vornherein zum Scheitern verurteilen. Dementgegen wollen wir in diesem Beitrag auf der Grundlage unserer eigenen Erfahrungen im Deutschen Verband für Angewandte Geographie (DVAG) sowie innerhalb verschiedener Zusammenhänge der Kritischen Geographie der Frage nachgehen, inwiefern ein intensiverer Dialog zwischen den beiden personell und institutionell bislang relativ getrennten Welten der Angewandten und der Kritischen Geographie möglich ist bzw. wie beide zueinander finden können.Within human geography, applied and critical geography often appear to be two separate worlds that supposedly have hardly any points of contact with regard to content, not to mention following separate concerns. Implicit in this is the assumption that there are fundamental contradictions between the two research perspectives, which make the search for common ground difficult, if not judged a failure from the start. However, in this article, based on our own experience in the German Association for Applied Geography and within the various contexts of critical geography, we want to examine the question of the extent to which a more intensive dialogue between the two worlds of applied and critical geography, which have so far been relatively separate with regard to personnel and institutions, is possible and/or how the two can be brought together.Technische Universität Dresden (1019)Peer Reviewe

Differential pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling of robenacoxib and ketoprofen in a feline model of inflammation

Robenacoxib and ketoprofen are acidic nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Both are licensed for once daily administration in the cat, despite having short blood half‐lives. This study reports the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modelling of each drug in a feline model of inflammation. Eight cats were enrolled in a randomized, controlled, three‐period cross‐over study. In each period, sterile inflammation was induced by the injection of carrageenan into a subcutaneously implanted tissue cage, immediately before the subcutaneous injection of robenacoxib (2 mg/kg), ketoprofen (2 mg/kg) or placebo. Blood samples were taken for the determination of drug and serum thromboxane (Tx)B2 concentrations (measuring COX‐1 activity). Tissue cage exudate samples were obtained for drug and prostaglandin (PG)E2 concentrations (measuring COX‐2 activity). Individual animal pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters for COX‐1 and COX‐2 inhibition were generated by PK/PD modelling. S(+) ketoprofen clearance scaled by bioavailability (CL/F) was 0.114 L/kg/h (elimination half‐life = 1.62 h). For robenacoxib, blood CL/F was 0.684 L/kg/h (elimination half‐life = 1.13 h). Exudate elimination half‐lives were 25.9 and 41.5 h for S(+) ketoprofen and robenacoxib, respectively. Both drugs reduced exudate PGE2 concentration significantly between 6 and 36 h. Ketoprofen significantly suppressed (>97%) serum TxB2 between 4 min and 24 h, whereas suppression was mild and transient with robenacoxib. In vivoIC50COX‐1/IC50COX‐2 ratios were 66.9:1 for robenacoxib and 1:107 for S(+) ketoprofen. The carboxylic acid nature of both drugs may contribute to the prolonged COX‐2 inhibition in exudate, despite short half‐lives in blood

La superficie de los cuerpos deshumanizados ante los problemas de la narración en 2666 de Roberto Bolaño : la epifanía formal del vacío interesante

Este artículo analiza los diálogos internos en 2666 de Roberto Bolaño acerca de los problemas de narrar los feminicidios. Se problematiza el funcionamiento de la superficialidad impuesta a los cuerpos tanto de los asesinos como de las víctimas, el cual promueve la banalización de la violencia y la eliminación de las intervenciones discursivas en la violencia. Los diálogos muestran la posibilidad de jugar con la lógica de dicho funcionamiento y hacerlo incurrir en la inoperancia. Esta inoperancia lleva a la provocación del interés, la comunicación del dolor, la posición narrativa como frontera nacional y la duplicación de la culpa. A través del artículo, 2666 muestra el papel de la escritura y la posición de la ficción frente a la violencia situada fuera del lenguaje.This article analyzes the internal dialogues about the problems of narrating feminicides in 2666 by Roberto Bolaño. The novel problematizes the function of superficiality imposed upon bodies not only of the victims but also of the murderers. This function promotes the banalization of the violence and the elimination of discursive interventions in the violence. The internal dialogues show the possibility of the game within the logic of such function, which as a result incurs its ineffectiveness. This ineffectiveness leads to the provocation of interest, the communication of pain, a narrative position as the international borderline and the duplication of sin. 2666 shows the role of writing and the position of fiction through this article, in the face of the violence situated outside language

Technical Notes on Endoscopic Transnasal Transsphenoidal Approach for Clival Chondrosarcoma

Although there are various operative approaches for clival tumors, a transsphenoidal approach is one of choices when the main tumor extention is in an anterior-posterior direction with a slight lateral extension. However, this approach sometimes provides only narrow and deep operative field. Recently, endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal approach is quite an effective approach for clival tumors because of the improvement of surgical instruments, image guidance systems, and techniques and materials of wound closure. In this paper, we describe the effectiveness, technical problems, and solution of this approach based on our experiences with two clival chondrosarcomas that was removed by endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal approach

Simple Model of the Transduction of Cell-Penetrating Peptides

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) such as HIV's trans-activating transcriptional activator (TAT) and polyarginine rapidly pass through the plasma membranes of mammalian cells by an unknown mechanism called transduction. They may be medically useful when fused to well-chosen chains of fewer than about 35 amino acids. I offer a simple model of transduction in which phosphatidylserines and CPPs effectively form two plates of a capacitor with a voltage sufficient to cause the formation of transient pores (electroporation). The model is consistent with experimental data on the transduction of oligoarginine into mouse C2-C12 myoblasts and makes three testable predictions.Comment: Seven pages. For a more complete version including the effects of counterions, see arXiv:0810.2358v3 [q-bio.BM