Design and Evaluation of Controlled Release Formulations of Ibuprofen Tablet.

Therapeutic efficacy and safety of drugs, administrated by conventional methods, can be improved by more precise spatial and temporal placement within the body, thereby reducing both the size and number of doses by using controlled drug delivery system. An ideal controlled drug delivery system is the one which delivers the drug at predetermined rate, locally or systemically for a specified period of time. An ideal targeted drug delivery system delivers the drug only to its site of action. An ideal drug delivery system should deliver the drug at a rate dictated by the needs of the body over the period of treatment channel the active entity solely to the site of action. To make it in practice various controlled and targeted drug delivery system are introduced. Controlled delivery of drugs, proteins and other bioactive agents can be achieved by incorporating them either in dissolved or dispersed form in polymers. In general controlled delivery attempts to, Sustain drug action at a predetermined rate by maintaining a relatively constant, effective drug level in the body with concomitant minimization of undesirable side effects associated with a saw tooth kinetic pattern. Localize drug action by spatial placement of a controlled release system (rate controlled) adjacent to or in the diseased tissue or organ. Target drug action by using carriers to deliver drugs to particular target cell type. Oral controlled drug delivery system is perhaps the relatively very advanced, newer area of research of its kind. This state-of-the-art formulation development offers several benefits like increased therapeutic efficacy, decreased side effects etc. Biocompatible and biodegradable xanthum gum, glyceryl behanate and stearic acid were experimented with ibuprofen which has served as a model drug for development of controlled release oral tablet. Oral control tablet of ibuprofen with very good physical characteristics were developed. The method of preparation of tablet of ibuprofen was found to be simple and reproducible. The sustained release of ibuprofen from the development oral tablet will help to improve the therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance by reducing the dose and frequency of dosing of ibuprofen perhaps as in vitro dissolution study suggested only 74 % (F2) release of drug over 24 h period. This work shows that stearic acid loaded tablet of ibuprofen could be oral control drug delivery system for ibuprofen for prolonged release. Thus concluding control release tablet of ibuprofen could improve upon physicochemical and biological properties of ibuprofen

AN INTELLIGENT PASSING USING SIMILARITY-LOGIC ORIENTED MODEL

This paper not just develops a completely reused VLSI architecture, but additionally exhibits a competent performance in contrast to the present works. The DSRC standards generally adopt FM0 and Manchester codes to achieve electricity-balance, improving the signal reliability. The dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) is definitely an emerging method to push the intelligent transportation system into our daily existence. Nonetheless, the coding-diversity between your FM0 and Manchester codes seriously limits the possibility to create a completely reused VLSI architecture for. Within this paper, the similarity-oriented logic simplification (SOLS) strategy is suggested to beat this limitation. The machine architecture of DSRC transceiver is proven, top of the and bottom parts are dedicated for transmission and receiving, correspondingly. The SOLS technique increases the hardware utilization rate for FM0 and Manchester encodings. The utmost operation frequency is 2 GHz and 900 MHz for Manchester and FM0 encodings, correspondingly

Misinformation in Online Health Communities

Spread of wrong information can be a serious deterrent to information system use especially in case of online community which typically have thousands of end users. However, literature has been weak in linking the prevalence of health misinformation on online social networks to the factors contributing to misinformation. This study seeks to reduce this gap by examining the impact of thread characteristics and user characteristics on the extent of misinformation in online social networking forum related to Parkinson\u27s disease. Our findings show that the correctness of a post is affected by clarity of the thread question, information richness and the user potential for making useful contributions

Cardiac Catheterisation and Intervention on ECMO

Cardiac catheterisation is an essential tool to evaluate patients who require ECMO support for severe haemodynamic impairment. In the first part of this chapter, we describe the equipment, teamwork, expertise, techniques and precautions that are necessary to carry out safe and effective cardiac catheterisation on ECMO. We have moved on from an early pioneering era to a stage where the multidisciplinary team approach has been worked out in detail, using operational procedures that deal with the technical challenges and minimise the risks of ECMO catheterisation and intervention. In the second part of the chapter, we explain in detail how cardiac catheterisation and intervention on ECMO contribute to the management of (1) post-operative congenital heart disease patients, (2) cardiac patients who suffer sudden haemodynamic deterioration, (3) patients with low cardiac output who require left heart decompression because of extracorporeal support, (4) patients with haemodynamically unstable arrhythmias and (5) haemodynamically unstable patients who require percutaneous coronary intervention. We also provide state-of-the-art information on the elective use of ECMO to support congenital and structural catheter interventions. Acute survival and long-term outcome are now related to the underlying conditions rather than complications of the catheterisation procedure itself

Duct Stenting Versus Modified Blalock-Taussig Shunt in Neonates With Duct-Dependent Pulmonary Blood Flow: Associations With Clinical Outcomes in a Multicenter National Study

Background: Infants born with cardiac abnormalities causing dependence on the arterial duct for pulmonary blood flow are often palliated with a shunt usually between the subclavian artery and either pulmonary artery. A so-called modified Blalock-Taussig shunt allows progress through early life to an age and weight at which repair or further more stable palliation can be safely achieved. Modified Blalock-Taussig shunts continue to present concern for postprocedural instability and early mortality such that other alternatives continue to be explored. Duct stenting (DS) is emerging as one such alternative with potential for greater early stability and improved survival. Methods: The purpose of this study was to compare postprocedural outcomes and survival to next-stage palliative or reparative surgery between patients undergoing a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt or a DS in infants with duct-dependent pulmonary blood flow. All patients undergoing cardiac surgery and congenital interventions in the United Kingdom are prospectively recruited to an externally validated national outcome audit. From this audit, participating UK centers identified infants <30 days of age undergoing either a Blalock-Taussig shunt or a DS for cardiac conditions with duct-dependent pulmonary blood flow between January 2012 and December 31, 2015. One hundred seventy-one patients underwent a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt, and in 83 patients, DS was attempted. Primary and secondary outcomes of survival and need for extracorporeal support were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression. Longer-term mortality before repair and reintervention were analyzed with Cox proportional hazards regression. All multivariable analyses accommodated a propensity score to balance patient characteristics between the groups. Results: There was an early (to discharge) survival advantage for infants before next-stage surgery in the DS group (odds ratio, 4.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.37–13.14; P=0.012). There was also a difference in the need for postprocedural extracorporeal support in favor of the DS group (odds ratio, 0.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.05–1.05; P=0.058). Longer-term survival outcomes showed a reduced risk of death before repair in the DS group (hazard ratio, 0.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.07–0.85; P=0.026) but a slightly increased risk of reintervention (hazard ratio, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.85–2.64; P=0.165). Conclusions: DS is emerging as a preferred alternative to a surgical shunt for neonatal palliation with evidence for greater postprocedural stability and improved patient survival to destination surgical treatment

Purification and characterization of antibacterial proteins from granular hemocytes of Indian mud crab, Scylla serrata

Marine invertebrates depend upon antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as a major component of innate immunity, as they are rapidly synthesized and diffuse upon pathogen invasion. In this study, we report the identification and characterization of a 11 kDa antimicrobial protein, which we name SSAP (for Scylla serrata antimicrobial protein), from granular hemocytes of the mangrove crab S. serrata. The protein is highly similar to scygonadin, a male-specific AMP isolated from the ejaculatory duct of S. serrata. SSAP was isolated using various chromatographic techniques, viz. ion-exchange, ultra filtration and RP-HPLC, and demonstrated antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Full length mRNA encoding SSAP was amplified using a combination of RT-PCR and RACE. The nucleotide sequence revealed a full-length ORF of 381 bp coding for a preprotein of 126 amino acids comprising a signal peptide of 24 amino acids and a mature protein of 102 amino acids with a predicted mass of 11435 Da and pI of 5.70. Unlike scygonadin, SSAP is expressed in several tissues of both male and female crabs, as evidenced by RT-PCR, Northern and Western blot analyses. The study suggests that SSAP might be an isoform or a variant of scygonadin and might play an important role in regulating the immunity of the crab upon microbial infection

CpG-ODN and Poly (I: C)LL induce increased expression of IL-6 and IL-8.

<p>(A) End1/E6E7 cells were stimulated with CpG-ODN and poly (I: C)LL (10 µg/ml) for 6 hrs. Conditioned media was collected for quantification of IL-6 and IL-8 by ELISA. Each bar represents mean (± SD) of three separate experiments performed on different days. Level of significance (**p<0.01) was calculated by ANOVA test followed by Bonferroni analysis. (B) End1/E6E7 cells (1×10⁵ cells/well) were stimulated with ligands of TLR9 (CpG-ODN: 10 µg/ml) and RIG-I {poly (I: C) LL, 10 µg/ml} for 6 hrs. Values represent mean (±SD) of three experiments performed in duplicates on different days (**p<0.001).</p

Session 1C: Simulation Exercises on Humanitarian Crisis

This panel presentation will demonstrate and provide training to participants on how to use the online “Simulation Exercises on Humanitarian Crisis.” All faculty, staff, and students from the JUHAN Network are invited. The online simulation tool was developed by the Software Engineering Program at Fairfield University to educate and prepare students to confront the complexities of humanitarian crises and improve capacity to deal with situations that are unforeseen and oftentimes difficult. A humanitarian crisis simulation exercise prepared by faculty will guide students to think critically and address complex problems in a collaborative fashion. The simulation exercises can be used by any faculty worldwide and are accessible to students in the class. Students can share their opinion through a built-in discussion board in the tool. A hands-on practice session will follow the presentation