都市部と都市近郊別にみた要支援・要介護状態の高齢者における引越後の生活満足感

要支援・要介護状態の高齢者が引越した場合、引越先が都市か都市近郊かによって本人の状況や引越後の慣れの感覚や生活満足感が異なるかを明らかにすることを目的として、都市A市と都市近郊B町において訪問面接調査を行った。引越5年以内の要支援・要介護高齢者を対象として、A市81人とB町31人を比較した結果、性別、年齢、介護保険の認定の程度、家族形態、引越の意思決定、引越準備期間に差はみられなかったが、B町のほうが居住年数が長く、引越後「慣れた」という者、生活満足感が高い者が有意に多かった。2地域別の、慣れの程度、生活満足感別の平均居住年数に差はみられなかった。都市部に引越した高齢者では、年数を経ても慣れない、満足でないという場合があり、身体的な介護だけではない精神面のケアの必要性が示唆された。The present study was conducted in order to clarify life satisfaction of elderly individuals requiring assistance or care who moved to city A or rural town B. Interviews were conducted on 81 elderly individuals in A city and 31 elderly individuals in B rural town, and the following results were obtained. Caracteristics of sex, mean age, family member, decision of relocation were not significant between A city and B town. Life satisfaction of individuals in B rural town were higher than in A city. These findings suggest that elderly individuals requiring assistance or care may be able to positively accept a move if they move to rural town. It is important that they move to the city communicate with their family about moving before moving

Rapid HER2 cytologic fluorescence in situ hybridization for breast cancer using noncontact alternating current electric field mixing

Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-in situ hybridization (HER2-ISH) is widely approved for diagnostic, prognostic biomarker testing of formalin- fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks. However, cytologic ISH analysis has a potential advantage in tumor samples such as pleural effusion and ascites that are difficult to obtain the histological specimens. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical reliability of a novel rapid cytologic HER2 fluorescence ISH protocol (rapid-CytoFISH). Materials and Methods: Using a new device, we applied a high-voltage/frequency, noncontact alternating current electric field to tissue imprints and needle rinses, which mixed the probe within microdroplets as the voltage was switched on and off (AC mixing). Cytologic samples (n = 143) were collected from patients with immunohistochemically identified HER2 breast cancers. The specimens were then tested using standard dual-color ISH using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPE-tissue DISH) for HER2-targeted therapies, CytoFISH, and rapid-CytoFISH (completed within 4 h). Results: All 143 collected cytologic specimens (50 imprinted cytology specimens from resected tumors and 93 liquid-based cytology specimens from needle rinses) were suitable for FISH analysis. The HER2/chromosome enumeration probe (CEP) 17 ratios did not significantly differ between FFPE-tissue DISH and either CytoFISH protocol. Based on HER2 scoring criteria, we found 95.1% agreement between FFPEtissue DISH and CytoFISH (Cohen\u27s kappa coefficient = 0.771 and 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.614–0.927). Conclusion: CytoFISH could potentially serve as a clinical tool for prompt determination of HER2 status in breast cancer cytology. Rapid-CytoFISH with AC mixing will enable cancer diagnoses and HER2 status to be determined on the same day a patient comes to a clinic or hospital

Tracking smell loss to identify healthcare workers with SARS-CoV-2 infection

Introduction Healthcare workers (HCW) treating COVID-19 patients are at high risk for infection and may also spread infection through their contact with vulnerable patients. Smell loss has been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, but it is unknown whether monitoring for smell loss can be used to identify asymptomatic infection among high risk individuals. In this study we sought to determine if tracking smell sensitivity and loss using an at-home assessment could identify SARS-CoV-2 infection in HCW. Methods and findings We performed a prospective cohort study tracking 473 HCW across three months to determine if smell loss could predict SARS-CoV-2 infection in this high-risk group. HCW subjects completed a longitudinal, behavioral at-home assessment of olfaction with household items, as well as detailed symptom surveys that included a parosmia screening questionnaire, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction testing to identify SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our main measures were the prevalence of smell loss in SARS-CoV-2-positive HCW versus SARS-CoV- 2-negative HCW, and timing of smell loss relative to SARS-CoV-2 test positivity. SARS-CoV-2 was identified in 17 (3.6%) of 473 HCW. HCW with SARS-CoV-2 infection were more likely to report smell loss than SARS-CoV-2-negative HCW on both the at-home assessment and the screening questionnaire (9/17, 53% vs 105/456, 23%, P < .01). 6/9 (67%) of SARS-CoV-2-positive HCW reporting smell loss reported smell loss prior to having a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, and smell loss was reported a median of two days before testing positive. Neurological symptoms were reported more frequently among SARS-CoV-2-positive HCW who reported smell loss compared to those without smell loss (9/9, 100% vs 3/8, 38%, P < .01). Conclusions In this prospective study of HCW, self-reported changes in smell using two different measures were predictive of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Smell loss frequently preceded a positive test and was associated with neurological symptoms

認知症の人と家族が暮らしやすい地域をつくるための啓発活動に関する促進要因 : 認知症キャラバンメイト活動者の自由記載の分析

【目的】本研究の目的は,認知症理解の啓発と地域づくりのために登録された認知症キャラバンメイトの活動促進要因を明らかにすることである.【方法】自記式アンケートを北海道内の全1996人のキャラバンメイトに送付し,960件を回収した.そのうち,啓発のための講師経験があり,かつ自由記載のあった132人(専門職114人,非専門職18人)の記述を対象とし,質的帰納的に分析した.活動の推進に関する記載を抽出し,類似内容をカテゴリ化した.【結果】活動の推進要因として,活動目的の再確認,他の活動とリンクした啓発と地域づくり,キャラバンメイトの組織化,地域毎の活動マネジメント,行政とのパートナーシップ,キャラバンメイトとしての知識とスキルの向上,サポーターの活動に有用な講座,個人の活動継続の秘訣,多様な役割の選択の保障,が抽出された.【考察】活動促進要因の中でもキャラバンメイトの組織化は中核的要因であり,組織化により,学習,話し合い,行政との連携,個人の事情に合わせた活動が可能となると考えられた.[Purpose] The purpose of this research is to clarify effective methods of promoting Caravan-Mate-Volunteer project that was based on the national project called One-Million-Dementia-Caravan-Promotion. The registered volunteers participate in various activities provided by the project to enhance understanding of dementia and community development. [Methods] The questionnaire was sent to 1996 Caravan-Mate-Volunteers and 960 were collected. One hundred thirty two responses had experiences as the lecturer was extracted as data. This research utilized qualitative data analysis, to extract the text that seems to be necessary for promoting the project. Data was categorized according to the content. [Results] About 70 percent of the participants were women. The participants consist of both health professionals and volunteers. Data was analyzed into nine categories as follows ; Reconfirming the purpose of activity, Linking to other activity for community development, Organizing Caravan-Mate-Volunteer system, Management Caravan-mate-volunteer activities, Creating a partnership with administration, Developing knowledge and skills as Caravan-Mate-volunteers, Useful lectures, Listening from active volunteers, Securing diverse role for volunteers. [Discussion] Volunteers who experienced as lecturer were able to identify several concrete ideas for promotion. This research found Organizing Caravan-Mate-Volunteer system as a core category that can provide opportunities for learning and discussing management matter in order to enhance quality of their activity

Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Antibiotic-Treated COVID-19 Patients is Associated with Microbial Translocation and Bacteremia

Although microbial populations in the gut microbiome are associated with COVID-19 severity, a causal impact on patient health has not been established. Here we provide evidence that gut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with translocation of bacteria into the blood during COVID-19, causing life-threatening secondary infections. We first demonstrate SARS-CoV-2 infection induces gut microbiome dysbiosis in mice, which correlated with alterations to Paneth cells and goblet cells, and markers of barrier permeability. Samples collected from 96 COVID-19 patients at two different clinical sites also revealed substantial gut microbiome dysbiosis, including blooms of opportunistic pathogenic bacterial genera known to include antimicrobial-resistant species. Analysis of blood culture results testing for secondary microbial bloodstream infections with paired microbiome data indicates that bacteria may translocate from the gut into the systemic circulation of COVID-19 patients. These results are consistent with a direct role for gut microbiome dysbiosis in enabling dangerous secondary infections during COVID-19

Creating the Future Ecosystem of Academic Resources in Kyushu University

IFLA World Library and Information Congress, 79th IFLA General Conference and Assembly, 17-23 August 2013, SingaporeKyushu University Library has spent much energy to develop the ecosystem of academic resources including the library rich collections and the university research outputs. In the process of development, we have adjusted many aspects of the library at the level of both technical management and human resources

HIV-1 センプク カンセン セイリツ オヨビ イジ ニ オケル ブンシ キコウ ノ カイメイ

熊本大

Formation of

Lignin valorization is one of the biggest challenges for developing biomass-based chemical industry. Recent innovative works has enabled depolymerization of lignin to the monomers with the yield close to theoretical maximum. The main product is a mixture of phenols derived from the cleavage of β-O-4 linkages between phenylpropanoid units. However, the obtained highly functionalized phenols are not common in current industry and, therefore, needs further processing for the utilization in intended applications. The present study shows that simple phenols without functional groups at para-position form selectively in base-catalyzed depolymerization of lignin. The yield is not sufficiently high, up to 6.9% on a carbon basis under the examined conditions, but the selectivity among released lignin monomers reaches 80%. The study also discusses the mechanism of p-unsubstituted phenols formation