New methods of generation of ultrashort laser pulses for ranging

To reach the millimeter satellite laser ranging accuracy, the goal for nineties, new laser ranging techniques have to be applied. To increase the laser ranging precision, the application of the ultrashort laser pulses in connection with the new signal detection and processing techniques, is inevitable. The two wavelength laser ranging is one of the ways to measure the atmospheric dispersion to improve the existing atmospheric correction models and hence, to increase the overall system ranging accuracy to the desired value. We are presenting a review of several nonstandard techniques of ultrashort laser pulses generation, which may be utilized for laser ranging: compression of the nanosecond pulses using stimulated Brillouin and Raman backscattering; compression of the mode-locked pulses using Raman backscattering; passive mode-locking technique with nonlinear mirror; and passive mode-locking technique with the negative feedback

Differences in genome, transcriptome, miRNAome, and methylome in synchronous and metachronous liver metastasis of colorectal cancer

Despite distant metastases being the critical factor affecting patients' survival, they remain poorly understood. Our study thus aimed to molecularly characterize colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLMs) and explore whether molecular profiles differ between Synchronous (SmCRC) and Metachronous (MmCRC) colorectal cancer. This characterization was performed by whole exome sequencing, whole transcriptome, whole methylome, and miRNAome. The most frequent somatic mutations were in APC, SYNE1, TP53, and TTN genes. Among the differently methylated and expressed genes were those involved in cell adhesion, extracellular matrix organization and degradation, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. The top up-regulated microRNAs were hsa-miR-135b-3p and -5p, and the hsa-miR-200-family while the hsa-miR-548-family belonged to the top down-regulated. MmCRC patients evinced higher tumor mutational burden, a wider median of duplications and deletions, and a heterogeneous mutational signature than SmCRC. Regarding chronicity, a significant down-regulation of SMOC2 and PPP1R9A genes in SmCRC compared to MmCRC was observed. Two miRNAs were deregulated between SmCRC and MmCRC, hsa-miR-625-3p and has-miR-1269-3p. The combined data identified the IPO5 gene. Regardless of miRNA expression levels, the combined analysis resulted in 107 deregulated genes related to relaxin, estrogen, PI3K-Akt, WNT signaling pathways, and intracellular second messenger signaling. The intersection between our and validation sets confirmed the validity of our results. We have identified genes and pathways that may be considered as actionable targets in CRCLMs. Our data also provide a valuable resource for understanding molecular distinctions between SmCRC and MmCRC. They have the potential to enhance the diagnosis, prognostication, and management of CRCLMs by a molecularly targeted approach

Comparative biogeography of Southeast Asia and the West Pacific region

The file attached is the accepted/final draft post-refereeing version of the articl

Differences in genome, transcriptome, miRNAome, and methylome in synchronous and metachronous liver metastasis of colorectal cancer

Despite distant metastases being the critical factor affecting patients’ survival, they remain poorly understood. Our study thus aimed to molecularly characterize colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLMs) and explore whether molecular profiles differ between Synchronous (SmCRC) and Metachronous (MmCRC) colorectal cancer. This characterization was performed by whole exome sequencing, whole transcriptome, whole methylome, and miRNAome. The most frequent somatic mutations were in APC, SYNE1, TP53, and TTN genes. Among the differently methylated and expressed genes were those involved in cell adhesion, extracellular matrix organization and degradation, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. The top up-regulated microRNAs were hsa-miR-135b-3p and -5p, and the hsa-miR-200-family while the hsa-miR-548-family belonged to the top down-regulated. MmCRC patients evinced higher tumor mutational burden, a wider median of duplications and deletions, and a heterogeneous mutational signature than SmCRC. Regarding chronicity, a significant down-regulation of SMOC2 and PPP1R9A genes in SmCRC compared to MmCRC was observed. Two miRNAs were deregulated between SmCRC and MmCRC, hsa-miR-625-3p and has-miR-1269-3p. The combined data identified the IPO5 gene. Regardless of miRNA expression levels, the combined analysis resulted in 107 deregulated genes related to relaxin, estrogen, PI3K-Akt, WNT signaling pathways, and intracellular second messenger signaling. The intersection between our and validation sets confirmed the validity of our results. We have identified genes and pathways that may be considered as actionable targets in CRCLMs. Our data also provide a valuable resource for understanding molecular distinctions between SmCRC and MmCRC. They have the potential to enhance the diagnosis, prognostication, and management of CRCLMs by a molecularly targeted approach

Transient stimulated Raman scattering: theory and experiments of picosecond pulse compression

SRS and SBS in gases for efficient pulse compression from few nanoseconds down to few picoseconds in a multistage system are studied numerically and compared with experimental results

Transient stimulated Raman scattering: theory and experiments of pulse shortening and phase conjugation properties

Numerical modelling of stimulated Raman scattering for pulse compression in the vsibile-NIR is presented. Comparisons are made with experimental results

Molecular phylogeny of Metanoeina net-winged beetles identifies Ochinoeus, a new genus from China and Laos (Coleoptera: Lycidae)

Kubecek, Vaclav, Bray, Timothy C., Bocak, Ladislav (2015): Molecular phylogeny of Metanoeina net-winged beetles identifies Ochinoeus, a new genus from China and Laos (Coleoptera: Lycidae). Zootaxa 3955 (1): 113-122, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3955.1.

Subtribal classification of Metriorrhynchini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Lycidae): an integrative approach using molecular phylogeny and morphology of adults and larvae

The classification of Metriorrhynchini, the most diverse lineage of net-winged beetles (Lycidae) containing ~ 1400 species, is revised on the basis of three-marker molecular phylogeny of 175 ingroup taxa, and the adult and larval morphology. The study uses the molecular phylogeny for identification of major lineages and critically considers morphology when adult morphology and sparse information of immature stages alone did not provide enough information for building a robust classification. Reconstruction of the ancestral states of morphological characters on the phylogenetic tree recovered from DNA data presents evidence for multiple origins of the four-costae pattern on the elytra, shortened elytral costa 1, patterns of pronotal areolae and flabellate antennae. As a consequence, revised morphological delineations of the subtribes and genera are proposed: three major lineages are defined as Metriorrhynchina Kleine, 1926, Metanoeina subtrib. nov. and Cautirina subtrib. nov. The subtribes Trichalina Kleine, 1928 and Hemiconderina Bocak & Bocakova, 1990 are synonymized with Metriorrhynchina Kleine, 1926. Metanoeina are studied in detail and three genera are placed in the subtribe: Metanoeus Waterhouse, 1879, Xylometanoeus gen. nov., and Matsudanoeus gen. nov., with Xylometanoeus japonicus (Bourgeois, 1902) comb. nov. and Matsudanoeus yuasai (Nakane, 1969), comb. nov. as type species, respectively. Xylobanus basivittatus Nakane, 1970 is transferred to Xylometanoeus. The concepts of genera Cautires and Xylobanus are based on male and female genitalia. Additionally, the molecular hypothesis is supported by morphology of larvae, when newly proposed Cautirina are characterized by entire tergites in contrast to the longitudinally divided mesoand metathoracic tergites of Metanoeina and Metriorrhynchina. Larval characters support the placement of Xylometanoeus in Metanoeina and the close relationships of Matsudanoeus and Metanoeus. The simultaneous consideration of DNA-based phylogeny and morphology of adults and larvae rejects taxa based on diagnostically usable but strongly homoplastic characters and provides a framework for a robust classification of Metriorrhynchini