Error-Mitigated Quantum Simulation of Interacting Fermions with Trapped Ions

Quantum error mitigation has been extensively explored to increase the accuracy of the quantum circuits in noisy-intermediate-scale-quantum (NISQ) computation, where quantum error correction requiring additional quantum resources is not adopted. Among various error-mitigation schemes, probabilistic error cancellation (PEC) has been proposed as a general and systematic protocol that can be applied to numerous hardware platforms and quantum algorithms. However, PEC has only been tested in two-qubit systems and a superconducting multi-qubit system by learning a sparse error model. Here, we benchmark PEC using up to four trapped-ion qubits. For the benchmark, we simulate the dynamics of interacting fermions with or without spins by applying multiple Trotter steps. By tomographically reconstructing the error model and incorporating other mitigation methods such as positive probability and symmetry constraints, we are able to increase the fidelity of simulation and faithfully observe the dynamics of the Fermi-Hubbard model, including the different behavior of charge and spin of fermions. Our demonstrations can be an essential step for further extending systematic error-mitigation schemes toward practical quantum advantages.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figure

Scalable and Programmable Phononic Network with Trapped Ions

Controllable bosonic systems can provide post-classical computational power with sub-universal quantum computational capability. A network that consists of a number of bosons evolving through beam-splitters and phase-shifters between different modes, has been proposed and applied to demonstrate quantum advantages. While the network has been implemented mostly in optical systems with photons, recently alternative realizations have been explored, where major limitations in photonic systems such as photon loss, and probabilistic manipulation can be addressed. Phonons, the quantized excitations of vibrational modes, of trapped ions can be a promising candidate to realize the bosonic network. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a minimal-loss phononic network that can be programmed and in which any phononic states are deterministically prepared and detected. We realize the network with up to four collective-vibrational modes, which can be straightforwardly extended to reveal quantum advantage. We benchmark the performance of the network with an exemplary algorithm of tomography for arbitrary multi-mode states with a fixed total phonon number. We obtain reconstruction fidelities of 94.5 $\pm$ 1.95 % and 93.4 $\pm$ 3.15 % for single-phonon and two-phonon states, respectively. Our experiment demonstrates a clear and novel pathway to scale up a phononic network for various quantum information processing beyond the limitations of classical and other quantum systems

Women with endometriosis have higher comorbidities: Analysis of domestic data in Taiwan

AbstractEndometriosis, defined by the presence of viable extrauterine endometrial glands and stroma, can grow or bleed cyclically, and possesses characteristics including a destructive, invasive, and metastatic nature. Since endometriosis may result in pelvic inflammation, adhesion, chronic pain, and infertility, and can progress to biologically malignant tumors, it is a long-term major health issue in women of reproductive age. In this review, we analyze the Taiwan domestic research addressing associations between endometriosis and other diseases. Concerning malignant tumors, we identified four studies on the links between endometriosis and ovarian cancer, one on breast cancer, two on endometrial cancer, one on colorectal cancer, and one on other malignancies, as well as one on associations between endometriosis and irritable bowel syndrome, one on links with migraine headache, three on links with pelvic inflammatory diseases, four on links with infertility, four on links with obesity, four on links with chronic liver disease, four on links with rheumatoid arthritis, four on links with chronic renal disease, five on links with diabetes mellitus, and five on links with cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, etc.). The data available to date support that women with endometriosis might be at risk of some chronic illnesses and certain malignancies, although we consider the evidence for some comorbidities to be of low quality, for example, the association between colon cancer and adenomyosis/endometriosis. We still believe that the risk of comorbidity might be higher in women with endometriosis than that we supposed before. More research is needed to determine whether women with endometriosis are really at risk of these comorbidities

Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries.

BACKGROUND: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. METHODS: We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries. RESULTS: A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2-7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN5181700

Effect of genetic variation in microRNA binding site in WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 gene on oral squamous cell carcinoma susceptibility

<div><p>Background</p><p>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which is the most common head and neck cancer, accounts for 1%–2% of all human malignancies and is characterized by poor prognosis and reduced survival rates. WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1), a cysteine-rich protein belonging to the Cyr61, CTGF, Nov (CCN) family of matricellular proteins, has many developmental functions and may be involved in carcinogenesis. This study investigated <i>WISP1</i> single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to elucidate OSCC susceptibility and clinicopathologic characteristics.</p><p>Methodology/Principal findings</p><p>Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze 6 SNPs of <i>WISP1</i> in 900 OSCC patients and 1200 cancer-free controls. The results showed that <i>WISP1</i> rs2929970 polymorphism carriers with at least one G allele were susceptible to OSCC. Moreover, compared with smokers, non-smoker patients with higher frequencies of <i>WISP1</i> rs2929970 (AG + GG) variants had a late stage (stages III and IV) and a large tumor size. In addition, OSCC patients who were betel quid chewers and carried <i>WISP1</i> rs16893344 (CT + TT) variants had a low risk of lymph node metastasis.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Our results demonstrate that a joint effect of <i>WISP1</i> rs2929970 with smoking as well as <i>WISP1</i> rs16893344 with betel nut chewing causally contributes to the occurrence of OSCC. <i>WISP1</i> polymorphism may serve as a marker or a therapeutic target in OSCC.</p></div

Clinical statuses and <i>WISP1</i> rs16893344 genotype frequencies in oral cancer among 707 betel quid chewers.

<p>Clinical statuses and <i>WISP1</i> rs16893344 genotype frequencies in oral cancer among 707 betel quid chewers.</p

Binding site polymorphism from SNP rs2929970 [G/A] in human WISP1 3’-UTR mRNA with microRNA hsa-miR-99a-5p to decrease oral cancer susceptibility among Taiwan HNSCC population.

<p>(A) Exons of WISP1 are shown by the filled boxes from the chromosome positions (chr.13, reference genome GRCh37.p13). (B) The stem-loop portion of miRNA-miRNA duplex structure on pre-miRNAs (hsa-miR-99a; miRBase ID: MI0003190) was identified by microRNA target prediction on <a href="http://MicroRNA.org" target="_blank">MicroRNA.org</a> resource. The hsa-miR-99a-5p sequence marked by green fonts. (C) Sequence of the human WISP1 3’-UTR region and number shown the positions of mRNA (NM_003882). Predicted hsa-miR-99a-5p binding site with SNP rs2929970 was highlighted by color red fonts. (D) The models of microRNA-target duplex were determined using the RNAhybrid web tool on the Bielefeld Bioinformatics Server. RISC, RNA-induced silencing complex, arrows indicate the locus of rs2929970. (E) The SNP rs2929970 A-allele reduces the free binding energy (MFE, minimum free energy; change: 22.16%). (F) Boxplot chart counting the differential expressions of microRNA hsa-miR-99a-5p in the 420 OSCC patients and 43 normal from Pan-Cancer dataset.</p

Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of oral cancer associated with <i>WISP1</i> genotypic frequencies.

<p>Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of oral cancer associated with <i>WISP1</i> genotypic frequencies.</p