Ray-Tracing Using SSE

Tato práce se zabývá využitím SSE instrukcí k akceleraci výpočtů probíhajících při ray-tracingu. Aby bylo možné SSE instrukce co nejefektivněji použít, bylo zvoleno současné sledování čtyř paprsků uzavřených v jednom svazku. Byla provedena vektorizace algoritmů použitých v ray-tracingu a také bylo navrženo a implementováno řešení rozpadu svazku paprsků. Provedenými testy pak byla sledována doba renderování obrazu pro případ, kdy jsou všechny paprsky pohromadě, ale také pro případ, kdy se ve svazku nachází pouze jeden paprsek.This thesis describes the acceleration technique of ray-tracing method using SSE instruction set. Choosing the parallel tracing of four rays enclosed in one beam turned to be the best way of using SSE effectively. Also the vectorization of algorithms which are used in ray-tracing method was implemented. The solution of beam splitting was designed and implemented too. The time for rendering image was monitored in the tests - one for case when the beam includes all the rays and one for case when there is just one ray in the beam.

The Manufacturing of Brake Disk cover by the Compound Tool

Projekt vypracovaný v rámci magisterského studia oboru strojírenská technologie a průmyslový management (M2I-K Strojírenství) předkládá návrh technologie výroby krytu brzdového kotouče ve sdruženém nástroji, s roční produkcí 500 000 kusů. Materiálem je hlubokotažný plech 11 305.21 o tloušťce 1 mm. Na základě literární studie problematiky tváření a výpočtů bylo navrženo několik možných variant výroby zadané součásti. Navržený nástroj je upnut do klikového lisu LDC 400 firmy Šmeral s nominální silou 4000 kN. Funkční části jsou vyrobeny z nástrojové oceli 19 573. Návrh technologie tažení byl prověřen pomocí simulačního programu AutoForm.This project is conceived within the master's degree in engineering technology and industry management (M2I-K Engineering) technology by design of the brake disc cover in compound tool, with year production 500 000 pcs. The material is deep-drawn sheet metal 11 305.21, 1 mm thickness. It is based on the literature studies about forming and calculation was suggested several variants of the present components. The proposed tool is clamped in the crank press LDC 400 firm Šmeral with a nominal force of 4000 kN. The functional parts are made from steel 19 573. The proposed technology of the deep drawing was verified by using simulation program AutoForm.

A Combination of Automata and Grammars

V této práci byly zavedeny a studovány nové systémy formálních modelů, zvané stavově synchronizované automatové systémy stupně n . Výpočet je v těchto prezentovaných systémech řízen pomocí slov patřících do konečného řídícího jazyka, kde každé slovo z tohoto jazyka je složeno ze stavů komponent systému. Dále byla v této práci studována výpočetní síla zavedených systémů. Praktické použití zavedených systémů bylo demonstrováno na příkladu z oblasti překladu přirozených jazyků a dále na příkladu z oblasti paralelního překladu.In this work, a new systems of formal models, called state-synchronized automata systems of degree n , were introduced and studied. The computation in presented automata systems is controlled by words from finite control language, where every word from control language is a sequence of states. Furthermore were studied the computational power of these systems. The practical use of introduced systems was demonstrated on example of natural language translation and on example of parallel compiling.

Versatile tool for the production of holder

Projekt vypracovaný v rámci bakalářského studia oboru strojírenská technologie (B3S-K Strojírenství) předkládá návrh technologie výroby součásti z plechu 11 373.1 ve sdruženém nástroji. Na základě literární studie problematiky stříhání a ohýbání bylo navrženo několik variant postupu výroby zadané součásti tak, aby byla vyrobena zcela v jednom nástroji. Navržený nástroj je upnut do výstředníkového lisu LEN 63C firmy TOMA Industries s nominální silou 630 kN. Funkční části jsou vyrobeny z nástrojové oceli 19 573, tepelně zpracované dle výkresové dokumentace.This project is conceived within the bachelor's degree in engineering technology (B3S-K Engineering) technology by design sheet metal parts 11 373.1 on a combined tool. It is based on the literature studies about cutting and bending has been proposed several variants of the production of specified parts to be produced entirely in a single tool. The proposed tool is clamped in the eccentric press LEN 63C firm TOMA Industries with a nominal force of 630 kN. The functional parts are made of tool steel, 19 573, heat-processed according to drawings.

Způsoby měření permeace kompozitních materiálů

Standardní navíjené kompozitní nádrže typu 3 nebo 4 využívají vnitřní nepropustnou kovovou nebo polymerní vrstvu tzv. liner, který sice dobře zabraňuje pronikání plynu nebo média z nádoby jeho stěnou, zvyšuje však hmotnost nádoby. Proto roste zájem o nádrže typu 5. Jejich znakem je, že jsou schopny udržet uchovávaný plyn uvnitř bez použití lineru. Dostatečnou nepropustnost kompozitní stěny je třeba prokázat experimentálně. V současné době se využívá několika metod pro měření propustnosti tzv permeace. Hlavní nevýhodou je jejich náročnost na vybavení a realizaci. Proto byla navržena nová, zjednodušená prvotní metodika, která pracuje se vzduchem. To umožní porovnávat permeabilitu různých kompozitních materiálů a skladeb relativně mezi sebou a umožní výběr vhodných variant pro náročnější metody zkoušení. Dále je navržena úprava této metody pro užití i jiných plynů a pro možnosti porovnání výsledků se standardními metodami

The effect of underground drainage on peat meadows and inactivation of the drainage in an attempt to restore these meadows, which failed as it reduced the ability of soils to retain water

Drainage is often used to increase agriculture production, but it has adverse effects on biodiversity and water retention. Here, the effect of subsurface pipe drainage on peat meadows near Senotín (Czechia), which were drained from the mid-1980s to 1990s, was studied. Attempts were made to restore the peat meadows by damming drainage pipes using clay-filled trenches in 1996. In this case study, the effect on the depth of the water table, soil water retention, infiltration and soil temperature were recorded. Measurements of the original peat meadow (undrained site), drained meadow (drained site) and restored meadow (restored site) before restoration and two decades after restoration were recorded. The water table in undrained areas was higher than at drained and restored sites, indicating that drainage had lasting effect on drained and restored sites. Infiltration was lowest at the undrained site, greater at the drained site, and highest at the restored sites. Field water capacity was lowest at the restored site, greater at the drained site and highest at the undrained site. Soil water content at maximum saturation was lowest at the restored site, greater at the drained site and highest at the undrained site. Soil temperature was highest at the restored site with no significant difference between the undrained and drained sites. Soil moisture levels were highest at the undrained site and lowest at the drained site. In addition, the undrained and restored sites did not differ significantly in soil moisture content. In conclusion, restoration did not have a significant effect on the level of the water table, initiation of peat formation or ability of soil to hold water

Growth Response of Sessile Oak and European Hornbeam to Traditional Coppice-with-Standards Management

Research Highlights: The influence of litter raking and livestock grazing on the development of juvenile sessile oak and European hornbeam sprouts as well as on sessile oak standards were studied. Such experiments are very rare, especially in central Europe where these activities have been prohibited for several decades. Little is known on how these ancient management activities affect tree growth. Background and Objectives: Traditional management practices in coppice forests such as grazing and litter raking have been abandoned, but have recently been studied as to whether these practices can substantially contribute to an increase in the species diversity of coppices. The important question is, however, how these practices influence the growth of coppice-with-standards. Therefore, this study focused on the effect of grazing, litter raking, and their combination on both sprouts and adult trees in a coppice-with-standards system one year after harvest. Materials and Methods: The experiment was carried out in the area of the Training Forest Enterprise Masaryk Forest Křtiny, Czech Republic, in a forest stand dominated by sessile oak and European hornbeam. We analyzed 132 oak polycormons, 132 hornbeam polycormons, and 163 oak standards. Results: The number of sprouts per stump was affected by the stump size and management practice: (A) coppice-with-standards, litter raking, and sheep grazing; (B) coppice-with-standards and sheep grazing; (C) coppice-with-standards and litter raking; and (D) coppice-with-standards), but not by tree species. The number of the sprouts as well as their height increased with the stump size. In contrast, grazing resulted in a smaller height of the sprouts while thinner sprouts were found under a combination of grazing and raking. When comparing the species, the oak sprouts were higher and thicker when compared to the hornbeam sprouts. The increment of standards increased after stand harvest. This, however, was not the result of grazing or raking, but the response to the reduction of tree number and thus of competition between neighboring trees. Conclusions: The results showed that there were rather negative impacts from the implemented traditional management practices on the growth of sprouts. This may lead to the question of whether ecological diversity resulting from the traditional practices may prevail their negative effect on the growth of the coppices.O

Blood-feeding adaptations and virome assessment of the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae guided by RNA-seq

Dermanyssus gallinae is a blood-feeding mite that parasitises wild birds and farmed poultry. Its remarkably swift processing of blood, together with the capacity to blood-feed during most developmental stages, makes this mite a highly debilitating pest. To identify specific adaptations to digestion of a haemoglobin-rich diet, we constructed and compared transcriptomes from starved and blood-fed stages of the parasite and identified midgut-enriched transcripts. We noted that midgut transcripts encoding cysteine proteases were upregulated with a blood meal. Mapping the full proteolytic apparatus, we noted a reduction in the suite of cysteine proteases, missing homologues for Cathepsin B and C.Instituto de Patología VegetalFil: Ribeiro, José M. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research; Estados UnidosFil: Hartmann, David. Czech Academy of Sciences. Biology Centre. Institute of Parasitology. Biology Centre; República ChecaFil: Bartošová-Sojková, Pavla. Czech Academy of Sciences. Biology Centre. Institute of Parasitology. Biology Centre; República ChecaFil: Debat, Humberto Julio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Debat, Humberto Julio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA); ArgentinaFil: Moos, Martin. Czech Academy of Sciences. Biology Centre. Institute of Entomology; República ChecaFil: Šimek, Petr. Czech Academy of Sciences. Biology Centre. Institute of Entomology; República ChecaFil: Fara, Jiří.International Poultry Testing Station Ústrašice; República ChecaFil: Palus, Martin. Czech Academy of Sciences. Biology Centre. Institute of Parasitology; República ChecaFil: Kučera, Matěj. Czech Academy of Sciences. Biology Centre. Institute of Parasitology; República ChecaFil: Hajdušek, Ondřej. Czech Academy of Sciences. Biology Centre. Institute of Parasitology; República Chec