Trójwymiarowe modele matematyczne na przykładzie obiektów ze zbiorów Muzeum Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

This paper presents examples of mathematical models which have almost passed into oblivion, yet a few decades ago still played a significant role in the teaching of mathematics. In the late nineteenth century such devices started to be produced on a large scale for schools and universities. The Jagiellonian University Museum has three such models in perfect condition in its collections.W artykule podajemy przykłady modeli matematycznych, obecnie niemal zapomnianych, które jeszcze kilkadziesiąt lat temu odgrywały wielką rolę w dydaktyce matematyki. Z końcem XIX wieku powstała prężna produkcja tych modeli na użytek szkół i uczelni. W Muzeum UJ zachowały się w doskonałym stanie trzy takie modele. Three-dimensional mathematical models illustrated by objects from the collections of the Jagiellonian University Museum Abstract This paper presents examples of mathematical models which have almost passed into oblivion, yet a few decades ago still played a significant role in the teaching of mathematics. In the late nineteenth century such devices started to be produced on a large scale for schools and universities. The Jagiellonian University Museum has three such models in perfect condition in its collections

Self-assembling hybrid nanomaterials

Organic-inorganic polymer hybrids containing butyl stannoxane dodecamer cages (Sn_POSS) as nano-building blocks were prepared and investigated. Sn_POSS was employed as a linear, crosslinking or non-bonding molecularly blended unit. For this purpose, it was synthesized with two acrylamido, primary- or secondary amino, or with two additional non- functional groups, which were attached via ionic-bonded sulfonate substituents. The nano- building block was then incorporated in matrices such as PS, PAOS, PETA, PEMA, PHEMA and PPO-based epoxies (the latter with different mesh sizes). Sn_POSS reinforces the studied matrixes by filler-filler interactions (self-assembly to nano-domains). Specific interactions of the ionic bonds of Sn_POSS with suitable pendant groups of the matrixes also can generate reinforcement and suppress filler aggregation. Moreover, the Sn_POSS can undergo several types of chemical reactions like heat-induced oligomerization, dissociation of the ionic substituents, acidolysis of the Sn-butyl bonds, as well as radical reactions of the latter. The influence of ionically bonded cages on the hybrids' morphology, as well as their ability of dissociation and short-distance migration in the polymer network at elevated temperature, was evaluated by TEM, IR and NMR analyses. The mechanical..

Self-assembling hybrid nanomaterials

Organic-inorganic polymer hybrids containing butyl stannoxane dodecamer cages (Sn_POSS) as nano-building blocks were prepared and investigated. Sn_POSS was employed as a linear, crosslinking or non-bonding molecularly blended unit. For this purpose, it was synthesized with two acrylamido, primary- or secondary amino, or with two additional non- functional groups, which were attached via ionic-bonded sulfonate substituents. The nano- building block was then incorporated in matrices such as PS, PAOS, PETA, PEMA, PHEMA and PPO-based epoxies (the latter with different mesh sizes). Sn_POSS reinforces the studied matrixes by filler-filler interactions (self-assembly to nano-domains). Specific interactions of the ionic bonds of Sn_POSS with suitable pendant groups of the matrixes also can generate reinforcement and suppress filler aggregation. Moreover, the Sn_POSS can undergo several types of chemical reactions like heat-induced oligomerization, dissociation of the ionic substituents, acidolysis of the Sn-butyl bonds, as well as radical reactions of the latter. The influence of ionically bonded cages on the hybrids' morphology, as well as their ability of dissociation and short-distance migration in the polymer network at elevated temperature, was evaluated by TEM, IR and NMR analyses. The mechanical..

Samouspořádavající hybridní nanomateriály

Byly syntetizovány a charakterizovány organicko-anorganické polymerní hybridy obsahující butyl stannoxanové dodekamerní cages (Sn_POSS) coby nanometrické stavební bloky. Sn_POSS byly užity jako lineární, sí ující a jako nenavázané (blendované) stavební jednotky. Za tímto ú elem byly Sn_POSS p ipraveny se dv mi akrylamido-, dv mi primárními nebo sekundárními amino-, resp. se dv mi dodate nými inertními skupinami, které byly p ipojeny pomocí iontov vázaných sulfonátových substituent . Sn_POSS byly zabudovány do PS-, PAOS-, PETA-, PEMA-, PHEMA-matric a do epoxidových sítí obsahujících r zn dlouhé et zce PPO. Sn_POSS vyztužuje studované matrice skrze interakce plnivo-plnivo (samouspo ádávání do nano-domén), které generují srovnateln vysoké vyztužení jako dob e známé siloxanové cages "POSS". Specifické interakce iontových vazeb Sn_POSS se vhodnými bo ními skupinami matrice rovn ž mohou zp sobit vyztužení a zárove potla it agregaci nanoplniva. Krom toho jsou nanometrické stavebni bloky Sn_POSS schopny ady chemických reakcí, jako je oligomerizace p i vysokých teplotách, disociace iontových substituent , acidolýzy vazeb Sn-butyl, a také radikálových reakcí t chto vazeb. Poslední zmín ná reakce je podstatou velmi silného antioxida ního efektu Sn_POSS v organických polymerních matricích. Vliv iontov vázaných...Organic-inorganic polymer hybrids containing butyl stannoxane dodecamer cages (Sn_POSS) as nano-building blocks were prepared and investigated. Sn_POSS was employed as a linear, crosslinking or non-bonding molecularly blended unit. For this purpose, it was synthesized with two acrylamido, primary- or secondary amino, or with two additional non- functional groups, which were attached via ionic-bonded sulfonate substituents. The nano- building block was then incorporated in matrices such as PS, PAOS, PETA, PEMA, PHEMA and PPO-based epoxies (the latter with different mesh sizes). Sn_POSS reinforces the studied matrixes by filler-filler interactions (self-assembly to nano-domains). Specific interactions of the ionic bonds of Sn_POSS with suitable pendant groups of the matrixes also can generate reinforcement and suppress filler aggregation. Moreover, the Sn_POSS can undergo several types of chemical reactions like heat-induced oligomerization, dissociation of the ionic substituents, acidolysis of the Sn-butyl bonds, as well as radical reactions of the latter. The influence of ionically bonded cages on the hybrids' morphology, as well as their ability of dissociation and short-distance migration in the polymer network at elevated temperature, was evaluated by TEM, IR and NMR analyses. The mechanical...Katedra fyzikální a makromol. chemieDepartment of Physical and Macromolecular ChemistryPřírodovědecká fakultaFaculty of Scienc

Controlling Crystallization: A Key Factor during 3D Printing with the Advanced Semicrystalline Polymeric Materials PEEK, PEKK 6002, and PEKK 7002

Abstract Controlling the crystallization of advanced, high‐performance polymeric materials during 3D printing is critical to ensure that the resulting structures have appropriate mechanical properties. In this work, two grades of polyetherketoneketone (PEKK 6002 and PEKK 7002) are used to print 3D specimens via a fused filament fabrication process. The samples are compared with polyetheretherketone printed under the same conditions. Two approaches for controlling the crystallization process are undertaken. The first involves adjustment of the chamber temperature between room temperature and 190 °C to create two regions where crystallization is governed by the slow diffusion process and elevated by limiting the nucleation process. The second approach involves selection of PEKK materials with varying crystallization kinetics, namely. Application of this method into 3D‐printing process allows for printing semicrystalline materials with tailored mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties as either amorphous or in situ crystallized products. The studies undertaken here provide the basis to eliminate expensive and time‐consuming post‐processing of 3D fabricated parts. In particular, solutions for the avoidance of poor adhesion to the building plate and weak interlayer adhesion that can lead to warping are described. The materials are divided into three groups, slow, moderate, and too fast crystallization kinetics

Synthesis and self-assembly of a carboranecontaining ABC triblock terpolymer: morphology control on a dual-stimuli responsive system

Amphiphilic triblock terpolymers have attractive applications in the preparation of nanoparticles with controlled morphology. An additional level of morphology control can be provided by reactive blocks, whose interactions with the solvent vary under different stimuli. In this work, we synthesized a triblock terpolymer (poly(acrylic acid)-b-poly(4-hydroxystyrene)-b-poly{1-[4-(1-methyl-1,2-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane-2-yl methyl)-phenyl]ethylene}) (PAA-b-PHS-b-PSC) containing carboranes as pendant groups by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and subsequently studied its behavior in aqueous solution. Once the nanoparticles were formed, the solubility of the second and third blocks was changed via pH and CsF reactions, respectively. The resulting micelles work as an ON/OFF system, using changes in fluorescence intensity at different pH values.The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Czech Science Foundation Grant No. 17-00289Y. The authors would like to thank Prof. Miroslav Štěpánek for his counseling in SAXS fitting and interpretation, Prof. Jiří Vohlídal for his assistance in polymer nomenclature, Dr Jiří Brus for solid state NMR measurements, and Dr Carlos V. Melo for editing the manuscript. The group from ICMAB thanks the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, MINEICO (CTQ2016-75150-R9) and Generalitat de Catalunya (2017/SGR/1720) for financial support.Peer reviewe