O caminho das sementes crioulas para a autonomia na produção camponesa

O presente estudo, embora transpareça não ter um viés diretamente relacionado com o cooperativismo, foi inspirado nas disciplinas de Desenvolvimento, Ruralidades e Agroecologia; Mercados, Redes e Cooperação; Políticas Públicas e o Cooperativismo; Tecnologias, Informações, Logística e Transporte em Cooperativas; Educação e o Cooperativismo, ministradas ao longo da Especialização em Cooperativismo. Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral analisar o trabalho desenvolvido pelo Instituto Cultural Padre Josimo com as sementes crioulas produzidas por camponeses e camponesas, carinhosamente aqui chamadas de “guardiões”. O trabalho também busca um viés de sistematização e ao mesmo tempo apontar caminhos para a autonomia camponesa. Para tanto, são discutidas as diversas possibilidades, limites e potencialidades das ações, com o trabalho desenvolvido. Ainda, sobre a estruturação deste trabalho o primeiro capítulo busca resgatar o histórico do Instituto Cultural Padre Josimo e sua relação com as sementes crioulas, a contribuição da organização no fortalecimento do cooperativismo, sobre a identidade e resistência camponesa, a promoção da biodiversidade e a agroecologia, a soberania alimentar e a soberania genética a partir das sementes crioulas. O segundo capítulo, discorre sobre o papel dos camponeses “guardiões” de sementes crioulas na promoção da autonomia e emancipação e apresenta quem são os camponeses guardiões vinculados ao Instituto Cultural Padre Josimo. E o terceiro capítulo é voltado a apresentação do resultado do trabalho de pesquisa realizado junto às famílias o trabalho com as sementes crioulas e por fim apresenta uma sistematização a partir da experiência do autor no envolvimento do trabalho com as sementes.The present work, although it appears not to have a bias directly related to Cooperatives, was inspired by the disciplines of Development, Ruralities and Agroecology; Markets, Networks and Cooperation; Public Policies and Cooperatives; Technologies, Information, Logistics and Transport in Cooperatives; Education and Cooperativism, taught during the Specialization in Cooperativism, inspiring the general objective, which is to analyze the work developed by the Padre Josimo Cultural Institute with the Creole seeds by peasants, affectionately called here “guardians”. The work also seeks a systematization bias and, at the same time, points out paths for peasant autonomy, for that, the various possibilities, limits and potential of actions are discussed, with the work developed. Still on the structure of this work, the first chapter seeks to rescue the history of the Padre Josimo Cultural Institute and its relationship with creole seeds, the organization's contribution to the strengthening of cooperativism, on peasant resistance, the promotion of biodiversity and agroecology, sovereignty food and genetic sovereignty based on native seeds. The second chapter discusses the role of peasants “guardians” of creole seeds in promoting autonomy and emancipation and presents who are the guardian peasants linked to the Padre Josimo Cultural Institute, and the third chapter is aimed at presenting the results of the research work carried out with the families involved in the work with native seeds and, finally, it presents a systematization based on the author's experience in the involvement of work with the seeds

O saber sobre as Plantas Alimentícias Não Convencionais (PANC) na Agricultura Familiar vinculada à Escola Família Agrícola da Região Sul (EFASUL), Canguçu, RS.

A oferta alimentar no planeta está restrita a poucas plantas. Estima-se que 30 mil espécies poderiam ser utilizadas na alimentação. Porém, este conhecimento vem sendo perdido na medida que as comunidades tradicionais desaparecem. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer e registrar as plantas alimentícias não convencionais (PANC) que são reconhecidas ou utilizadas por agricultores familiares vinculados à EFASUL. Foram realizadas entrevistas para listar as PANC, bem como as formas de usos e coletas botânicas para a identificação. Foram citadas 129 espécies pertencentes a 55 famílias. As mais citadas foram Ananas bracteatus, Butia odorata, Eugenia uniflora, Psidium cattleianum e Syagrus romanzoffiana. A principal forma de consumo é ao natural, seguida por saladas e sucos. Frutos são a parte mais utilizada, seguido de folhas e flores. O registro destes saberes abre portas para novas pesquisas sobre o uso tradicional da biodiversidade local e avaliações de compostos bioativos. A busca para salvaguardar e divulgar as informações promove e valoriza a cultura e biodiversidade local, contribui com a soberania e segurança alimentar dos povos tradicionais e das futuras gerações

Pregelatinized rice bran flour as stabilizer for guava nectar

Rice bran flour is a byproduct of rice processing and can be used as food. The objective of the current study was to use pregelatinized rice bran flour along with hydrocolloids to stabilize guava nectar, as well as to evaluate the stability of bioactive compounds during a storage period of 180 days. For this purpose, the guava fruits were processed in the form of pulp, following the elaboration of the nectars. Four formulations were prepared: one control (pulp, water, and sugar) and three by the addition of xanthan, guar gum, and pregelatinized rice flour. The sedimentation stability, the content of bioactive compounds, and the physicochemical parameters were evaluated at every 45 days of storage. The formulations with guar and pregelatinized rice bran flour gave better results than the others for all the evaluated parameters, indicating that they could be a good option for stabilization of the guava nectar. Moreover, the rice flour seems to be a cost-effective option and is easy to obtain in contrast to the other commonly used hydrocolloids that are generally used in food industry.Rice bran flour is a byproduct of rice processing and can be used as food. The objective of the current study was to use pregelatinized rice bran flour along with hydrocolloids to stabilize guava nectar, as well as to evaluate the stability of bioactive compounds during a storage period of 180 days. For this purpose, the guava fruits were processed in the form of pulp, following the elaboration of the nectars. Four formulations were prepared: one control (pulp, water, and sugar) and three by the addition of xanthan, guar gum, and pregelatinized rice flour. The analyses on guava nectars were performed 24 h after their processing and at every 45-day intervals during the entire 180 days study period. The experiment was done in triplicate and the results were expressed on a wet basis. The physicochemical properties, color, and the bioactive compounds in the guava nectars were influenced mainly in the formulation of pregelatinized rice bran flour & guar gum. The same composition also resulted in greater stability. Despite the absence of considerable differences in the guava nectar formulations for the evaluated parameters, the addition of stabilizers seems to be necessary for a visual quality aspect, since the sedimentation that occurs in this type of nectar depreciates the appearance of this product, thus compromising its competitiveness. The pregelatinized rice bran flour associated with guar gum was found to be the most effective strategy for stabilization of guava nectar, combined with the low cost and ease of obtaining, compared to other hydrocolloids commonly used in the food industry

Pregelatinized rice bran flour as stabilizer for guava nectar.

Rice bran flour is a byproduct of rice processing and can be used as food. The objective of the current study was to use pregelatinized rice bran flour along with hydrocolloids to stabilize guava nectar, as well as to evaluate the stability of bioactive compounds during a storage period of 180 days. For this purpose, the guava fruits were processed in the form of pulp, following the elaboration of the nectars. Four formulations were prepared: one control (pulp, water, and sugar) and three by the addition of xanthan, guar gum, and pregelatinized rice flour. The analyses on guava nectars were performed 24 h after their processing and at every 45-day intervals during the entire 180 days study period. The experiment was done in triplicate and the results were expressed on a wet basis. The physicochemical properties, color, and the bioactive compounds in the guava nectars were influenced mainly in the formulation of pregelatinized rice bran flour & guar gum. The same composition also resulted in greater stability. Despite the absence of considerable differences in the guava nectar formulations for the evaluated parameters, the addition of stabilizers seems to be necessary for a visual quality aspect, since the sedimentation that occurs in this type of nectar depreciates the appearance of this product, thus compromising its competitiveness. The pregelatinized rice bran flour associated with guar gum was found to be the most effective strategy for stabilization of guava nectar, combined with the low cost and ease of obtaining, compared to other hydrocolloids commonly used in the food industry

Physicochemical characterization, carotenoid content and protein digestibility of pumpkin access flours for food application.

Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) research has been growing because of its characteristics, such as the attractive color, low-cost production, nutritional potential, and functional properties for food application. In this context, pumpkin processing for flour production provides a full possibility for the consumption of this vegetable, being thus an alternative for the agribusiness. Research institutes are developing new genotypes for multiple applications of this vegetable. The objective of this study was to characterize pumpkin flours from four access and evaluate its physicochemical characteristics, carotenoid content, and protein digestibility. The dried pumpkins were ground in a knife mill and stored in a glass bottle at room temperature and protected from light. The pumpkin flours presented different proximal composition. All flours presented low water activity, which is microbiologically safe for storage. As for the absorption index and water solubility, both presented high values compared to the values of other flours found in the literature. The flours presented colorimetric profile from yellow to orange, and are rich sources of carotenoids and fibers. The four samples presented high values of protein digestibility, desired for food application. The results indicate that the four pumpkin access flours are indicated for application in foods.Online First. Ahead of Print

Characterization of virgin avocado oil obtained via advanced green technique

The quality characteristics, bioactive phytochemicals, volatile compounds, and antioxidant capacities of virgin avocado oil extracted using a couple of green methods, namely, subcritical CO2 extraction (SCO2) and ultrasound‐assisted aqueous extraction (UAAE), are compared with the oil extracted using the conventional solvent extraction. Results indicate the quality properties of avocado oil are unaffected by extraction methods. The total phenolic content of avocado oil is in the range of 111.27–130.17 mg GAE/100 g and the major phytosterol is β‐sitosterol (1.91–2.47 g kg−1). Avocado oil extracted using SCO2 exhibits two to four times greater levels of α‐ and γ‐tocopherols than solvent extraction and UAAE. The volatile components associated with nutty and grassy flavors are only detected in avocado oil extracted under low‐temperature extraction conditions such as SCO2 and UAAE. Based on the antioxidant capacity tests, avocado oil obtained by SCO2 exhibits the strongest antioxidant capacity compared with solvent extraction and UAAE

Armazenamento e destino final de embalagens de agrotóxicos no município de São Lourenço do Sul-RS

A produção de tabaco se apresenta como um fator importante para a economia de muitos países. Atualmente o Brasil é o segundo maior produtor e o primeiro no ranking mundial de exportações de tabaco em folha. Para a região Sul do país, a cultura é uma das atividades agroindustriais mais significativas. Contudo, este desenvolvimento agrícola tem favorecido o crescimento da utilização de agrotóxicos em praticamente todas as etapas de produção do fumo, despertando preocupações de técnicos, cientistas e órgãos de fiscalização acerca das inúmeras consequências relativas ao uso inadequado destes produtos e seus rejeitos. Uma das consequências deste uso intensivo é a geração de grande quantidade de embalagens vazias, o que constitui um problema tanto para a saúde humana quanto para o meio ambiente. Neste sentido, em Junho de 2000 foi promulgada a Lei Nº 9.974 que normatiza a utilização de agrotóxicos e disciplina o recolhimento e destinação final das embalagens vazias de forma com que estas medidas diminuam o impacto causado. Justifica-se a relevância deste tema, pois no município de São Lourenço do Sul-RS, importante produtor de tabaco no cenário nacional, a fumicultura destaca-se pela excessiva utilização de agrotóxicos Desta forma, objetivou-se analisar as formas de armazenamento e destinação das embalagens de agrotóxicos utilizados nesta cultura no município. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa empreendido através de pesquisa bibliográfica e entrevistas em campo com três produtores rurais, um membro da Associação de Fumicultores do Brasil e um representante da Prefeitura Municipal. A partir dos dados e informações coletadas, os resultados apontam, sobretudo, a necessidade de uma atuação mais efetiva por parte do Poder Público e das demais organizações da sociedade civil como fator crítico de sucesso para que o sistema de destinação final das embalagens de agrotóxicos melhore seu desempenho e atenda de maneira mais eficiente o que determina a legislação em vigor.Tobacco production is an important factor for the economies of many countries. Currently Brazil is the second largest producer and the first in the world ranking of exports of leaf tobacco. For the southern region of the country, culture is one of the most significant agroindustrial activities. However, this agricultural development has favored the growth of the use of agrochemicals in practically every stage of tobacco production, raising concerns of technicians, scientists and inspection bodies about the innumerable consequences related to the inappropriate use of these products and their wastes. One of the consequences of this intensive use is the generation of large quantities of empty packaging, which is a problem both for human health and for the environment. In this regard, in June 2000, Law Nº 9.974 was passed, which regulates the use of agrochemicals and regulates the collection and final destination of empty containers in a way that reduces the impact caused. The relevance of this topic is justified because in the municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, a major tobacco producer in the national scenario, tobacco production stands out due to the excessive use of agrochemicals. In this way, the objective was to analyze the forms of storage and destination of the agrochemicals containers used in this crop in the municipality. This is an exploratory study of a qualitative approach undertaken through bibliographical research and field interviews with three rural producers, a member of the Brazilian Tobacco Growers Association and a representative of the Municipal Government. Based on the data and information collected, the results pointed, above all, to the need for a more effective action by the Public Power and other civil society organizations as a critical success factor for the final disposal system of agrochemicals to improve their performance and responds more effectively to current legislation

A propos de la politique d'armement de la France avant la Première guerre mondiale

Krumreich Gerd. A propos de la politique d'armement de la France avant la Première guerre mondiale. In: Revue d’histoire moderne et contemporaine, tome 29 N°4, Octobre-décembre 1982. pp. 662-672