Funktionen, Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer "wörtlichen" Übersetzung

Anhand des zweiten Akts des Shakespeare-Dramas "The Third Part of Henry VI" wird dargestellt, wie sich eine kommentierte Prosaübersetzung im Sinne der englisch-deutschen Studienausgabe gestalten könnte und welche translatorischen Problemstellungen und Lösungsansätze sich daraus ergeben

Influences of Forest Structure, Climate and Species Composition on Tree Mortality across the Eastern US

Few studies have quantified regional variation in tree mortality, or explored whether species compositional changes or within-species variation are responsible for regional patterns, despite the fact that mortality has direct effects on the dynamics of woody biomass, species composition, stand structure, wood production and forest response to climate change. Using Bayesian analysis of over 430,000 tree records from a large eastern US forest database we characterised tree mortality as a function of climate, soils, species and size (stem diameter). We found (1) mortality is U-shaped vs. stem diameter for all 21 species examined; (2) mortality is hump-shaped vs. plot basal area for most species; (3) geographical variation in mortality is substantial, and correlated with several environmental factors; and (4) individual species vary substantially from the combined average in the nature and magnitude of their mortality responses to environmental variation. Regional variation in mortality is therefore the product of variation in species composition combined with highly varied mortality-environment correlations within species. The results imply that variation in mortality is a crucial part of variation in the forest carbon cycle, such that including this variation in models of the global carbon cycle could significantly narrow uncertainty in climate change predictions

Water circles—a tool to assess and communicate the water cycle

‘Water circles’ are presented as flexible water cycle diagrams aggregating the flows through a system for a specific region and time period, categorized by flow type and organized by magnitude. Water circles for an entire system and separate storage components can be interpreted as water cycle speedometers and can help compare and communicate different climate and human impacts on different regions, time periods, and storage components. Water circles can facilitate comparisons between hydrological models and other methods for deriving water balances

A Zebrafish Drug-Repurposing Screen Reveals sGC-Dependent and sGC-Independent Pro-Inflammatory Activities of Nitric Oxide

<div><p>Tissue injury and infection trigger innate immune responses. However, dysregulation may result in chronic inflammation and is commonly treated with corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Unfortunately, long-term administration of both therapeutic classes can cause unwanted side effects. To identify alternative immune-modulatory compounds we have previously established a novel screening method using zebrafish larvae. Using this method we here present results of an <i>in vivo</i> high-content drug-repurposing screen, identifying 63 potent anti-inflammatory drugs that are in clinical use for other indications. Our approach reveals a novel pro-inflammatory role of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide affects leukocyte recruitment upon peripheral sensory nervous system or epithelial injury in zebrafish larvae both via soluble guanylate cyclase and in a soluble guanylate cyclase -independent manner through protein S-nitrosylation. Together, we show that our screening method can help to identify novel immune-modulatory activities and provide new mechanistic insights into the regulation of inflammatory processes.</p></div

Inflammation induces S-nitrosylation in zebrafish larvae.

<p>Changes in total protein S-nitrosylation during inflammation was assessed with the modified biotin switch technique and detected by Western Blot. S-nitrosylated proteins in samples of control (lane 1) larvae and larvae with chemically induced inflammation (lane 2 and 3) were detected by anti-TMT immunoblotting. Chemically induced inflammation significantly induces S-nitrosylation, marked by additional strong anti-TMT immunoblotting signals (arrowheads), in protein extracts of CuSO₄ treated larvae. Inhibition of Nos with 250 μM L-NAME prior to CuSO₄ treatment prevents changes in protein S-nitrosylation. EF–1α was used as loading control.</p

Water circles—a tool to assess and communicate the water cycle

‘Water circles’ are presented as flexible water cycle diagrams aggregating the flows through a system for a specific region and time period, categorized by flow type and organized by magnitude. Water circles for an entire system and separate storage components can be interpreted as water cycle speedometers and can help compare and communicate different climate and human impacts on different regions, time periods, and storage components. Water circles can facilitate comparisons between hydrological models and other methods for deriving water balances