Integration in higher education institutions in the global educational system

Significant changes have taken place in higher education systems since B. Clark has proposed a system for classification of higher education institutions by status hierarchy. This paper studies the trends related mainly to the globalization of the educational system and the development of information technologies. The paper focuses on the mass integration processes of higher education institutions; the types and forms of these processes are considered and classified. A status hierarchy of higher education institutions is proposed, which takes place in the modern educational system. It is concluded that under the influence of globalization, a change takes place in systems of higher education and status hierarchy of higher education institutions; however, the integration processes offer significant opportunities for all universities (or their majority) to take their place in the market of higher education services.peer-reviewe

Detecting resilient structures in stochastic networks: A two-stage stochastic optimization approach

We propose a two-stage stochastic programming framework for designing or identifying "resilient," or "reparable" structures in graphs whose topology may undergo a stochastic transformation. The reparability of a subgraph satisfying a given property is defined in terms of a budget constraint, which allows for a prescribed number of vertices to be added to or removed from the subgraph so as to restore its structural properties after the observation of random changes to the graph's set of edges. A two-stage stochastic programming model is formulated and is shown to be N P -complete for a broad range of graph-theoretical properties that the resilient subgraph is required to satisfy. A general combinatorial branch-and-bound algorithm is developed, and its computational performance is illustrated on the example of a two-stage stochastic maximum clique problem. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 201

English for Geodesy and Land Management Students: tutorial.

English for Geodesy and Land Management Students is the manual for the students majoring in this specialty «Geodesy and Land Management» at higher education institutions and aimed at mastering the English language for specific purposes in this domain. The manual consists of 2 parts comprising the key theoretical issues students study at their special classes. The 1st part consists of 11 units. The 2nd part consists of 14 units. Each unit is designed in the way to provide students with the possibility to practice all language skills giving them flexibility in the field of future professional sphere. In the last part of the tutorial students can find texts for supplementary reading useful for efficient independent work

Portfolio Optimization under Solvency Constraints: A Dynamical Approach

We develop portfolio optimization problems for a nonlife insurance company seeking to find the minimum capital required that simultaneously satisfies solvency and portfolio performance constraints. Motivated by standard insurance regulations, we consider solvency capital requirements based on three criteria: ruin probability, conditional Value-at-Risk, and expected policyholder deficit ratio. We propose a novel semiparametric formulation for each problem and explore the advantages of implementing this methodology over other potential approaches. When liabilities follow a Lognormal distribution, we provide sufficient conditions for convexity for each problem. Using different expected return on capital target levels, we construct efficient frontiers when portfolio assets are modeled with a special class of multivariate GARCH models. We find that the correlation between asset returns plays an important role in the behavior of the optimal capital required and the portfolio structure. The stability and out-of-sample performance of our optimal solutions are empirically tested with respect to both the solvency requirement and portfolio performance, through a double rolling window estimation exercise

Implementation of virtual reality in foreign language teaching

The article highlights the main features of the virtual educational environment, the advantages and formats of using virtual reality in learning a foreign language. The purpose of the article is to study the role and possibilities of virtual reality as a necessary component in learning a foreign language. The methodological concept is aimed at shaping the role and capabilities of virtual reality as a necessary component in foreign language learning. The results of the study show the importance of the main modules of the multimedia virtual environment for learning cultures and languages in institutions of higher education; the technology of writing a pedagogical script for a computerized course is proposed for the design of distance courses for learning a foreign language, the construction of a high-quality virtual language environment, and the methods of using virtual reality tools are presented. The experimental work was devoted to the study of the role and possibilities of virtual reality as a necessary component in learning a foreign language; the degree of change in the memory of students of higher education, operational characteristics of thinking, perception in the process of using virtual reality educational programs. The change of attention, which is closely related to the functioning of cognitive processes, was also studie

Mean-risk models using two risk measures: A multi-objective approach

This paper proposes a model for portfolio optimisation, in which distributions are characterised and compared on the basis of three statistics: the expected value, the variance and the CVaR at a specified confidence level. The problem is multi-objective and transformed into a single objective problem in which variance is minimised while constraints are imposed on the expected value and CVaR. In the case of discrete random variables, the problem is a quadratic program. The mean-variance (mean-CVaR) efficient solutions that are not dominated with respect to CVaR (variance) are particular efficient solutions of the proposed model. In addition, the model has efficient solutions that are discarded by both mean-variance and mean-CVaR models, although they may improve the return distribution. The model is tested on real data drawn from the FTSE 100 index. An analysis of the return distribution of the chosen portfolios is presented

К ПРОБЛЕМЕ РАЗВИТИЯ АГРАРНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В РОССИИ

The concept of a network of educational institutions as one of the causes that negatively aff ect the competitiveness of higher education inRussia, directly points to the narrow realm of training in a particular area. There is a danger of destruction of branch universities in the existing system of higher education. Meanwhile, studies of the real value of specialized higher education in our country, and the reasons for determining this value is not enough, and the available knowledge is fragmented. In the article on the example of high schools of the Ministry of Agriculture ofRussiaproved that a specialized education can become a decisive factor in improving the quality of human capital, the development of the industry areas of the state. There are at least several reasons that indicate the need to stimulate the development processes of every kind of agricultural universities. The first reason has to do with the movement of the world community towards the reorganization of the national systems of higher education, where the central place is given to the development of specialized training programs. It should be particularly emphasized that higher education around the world is no longer the subject of domestic policy. Universities are fighting for the education market, and the availability of specialized educational programs has a decisive importance in this struggle. In addition, the authors say, in the Russian context agrarian universities are able to become a guarantor of the development of rural areas, helping to overcome the social consequences of reform of the agricultural sector. Another reason is related to the specificity of the educational process in agricultural universities and answers the question why agricultural education is a special form of organization of educational process, which is closely related to the agricultural sector of the country. Studies conducted by the authors suggest that the destruction of the existing system of national agricultural education and attempt to realize the plans of association of agricultural universities in the framework of classical universities will have a negative impact on the state policy aimed at achieving the goal of food security ofRussiaand the competitiveness of Russian regions. В Концепции развития сети образовательных учреждений в качестве одной из причин, негативно влияющих на конкурентоспособность высшего профессионального образования в России, напрямую указывается на узкопрофильность подготовки в конкретной области. Возникает опасность разрушения отраслевых вузов в сложившейся системе высшего профессионального образования. Между тем, исследований реального значения специализированного высшего образования в нашей стране, и причин, определяющих это значение, явно недостаточно, а имеющиеся здесь знания носят фрагментарный характер. В статье на примере вузов Министерства сельского хозяйства РФ доказывается, что специализированное образование способно превратиться в решающий фактор повышения качества человеческого капитала, развития отрасли, территорий, государства. Существуют, по крайней мере, несколько причин, которые указывают на необходимость всяческого стимулирования процессов развития аграрных вузов. Первая причина связана с движением мирового сообщества по пути реорганизации национальных систем высшего образования, где центральное место отводится развитию специализированных программ подготовки. Следует особенно подчеркнуть, что высшее образование во всем мире уже не является предметом внутренней политики. Университеты ведут борьбу за рынки образовательных услуг, а наличие специализированных образовательных программ оказывает решающее значение в этой борьбе. Кроме того, как считают авторы, в российских условиях аграрные вузы способны стать гарантом развития сельских территорий, содействуя преодолению социальных последствий реформирования аграрной отрасли. Другая причина связана со специфичностью образовательного процесса в аграрных вузах и отвечает на вопрос, почему аграрное образование является особой формой организации учебного процесса, тесно связанного с сельскохозяйственной отраслью страны. Исследования, проведенные авторами, позволяют утверждать, что разрушение сложившейся системы отечественного аграрного образования и попытка реализовать планы объединения аграрных вузов в рамках классических университетов окажет негативное влияние на политику государства, направленную на достижение цели продовольственной безопасности России и конкурентоспособности российских регионов.