The Participation of Women in the Greek Labour Force: A Spatial Analysis

The participation of women in the labour market is being effected by their biological circle and by social standards and stereotypes that delineate domestic work as woman’s primary activity. Particularly in Greece, the sovereignty of Mediterranean family model undermines the effectiveness of policies aiming to promote feminine employment and thus, constitutes a brake for labour equality between the sexes. Consequently, female employment rate continues to remain in the lowest levels among E.U. countries, despite the fact that several issues have been raised during the past years, such as: the evolution of the legislative system towards equality, higher educational level of women, increased consuming needs, the decrease of fertility, the struggle of women for economic independence etc. Nevertheless, the participation of Greek women in the labour market continues to be 8-10 percent below the average of E.U. countries. In this paper, we try to identify and represent the participation of women in the work force, in terms of employment and unemployment, while emphasizing to the spatial and age-structured patterns in national level. The data used in this analysis, emanate from the latter Population Census of 2001, conducted by the National Statistical Service of Greece (ESYE). The spatial level of reference is the Municipality administrative level, which allows us to identify the "unfavorable" regions of Greece, with increased unemployment and low participation in the economically active population, forming clusters with similar characteristics in the employment sector. Using statistical methods of multivariate analysis, we examine employment indices of economically active and inactive women, employed and unemployed women, as well as the distribution of employment according to the three sectors, focusing on age-related groups, responsible for the intensity of the phenomenon. In-depth spatial and age-related analysis of feminine employment reveals the intense problem of mountainous and rural regions, while the age distribution concerning unemployment is identified. Finally, we are able to draw coherent conclusions for the degree of convergence/divergence between administrative units in Greece and also with the E.U. average.

Byzantine compositions entitled "Dysikon" (Western) and "Fragikon" (Frankish): A working hypothesis on potential convergence points of two different traditions

In Byzantine musical manuscripts a number of compositions entitled thetalikon, politikon or persikon are regularly found. As is generally accepted, titles as thetalikon or politikon indicate an analogous origin for these chants, while, respectively, in the case of persikon an influence from a so-called “external chant” is suggested. In the same way, other titles as dysikon and fragikon, meaning “Frankish” and “Western”, are also detected; these, according to the practice of Byzantines scribes and composers, denote a western or Frankish origin and/or a certain influence of western music and liturgical practice, respectively. These eponymous and anonymous works may be found amongst compositions dating from between the second half of the 13th century and the first half of the 14th century, and in works composed in the second half of the 15th century, the 16th and the 17th. The settings of the first category, as also their composers, can be located in Constantinople after the fall of the City to the Crusaders at the beginning of the 13th century and the period of the Frankish occupation. The compositions of the second category clearly belong to the musical output of Venetian-ruled Crete. Their common trait is that their composers are related in some way to the Frankish or Venetian occupation. The purpose of this study is to identify the morphological or other traits of these compositions considered by their composers or scribes as denoting a certain western influence, which is apparently expressed in the above-mentioned titles

Cretan idiosyncrasies in the liturgical chant of the Ionian Islands: Tradition, transmission and adaptation

From the mid-15th century onwards, but especially during the last two centuries of Venetian rule in Crete, a unique repertory was developed probably in order to serve the specific needs of Liturgies and other offices, common to Catholics and Orthodox. The compositions included in this repertory thus merge Byzantine and Western elements, in the image of the meeting between these two cultures playing out in Crete during this period. This Latin influence could be identified on different levels, namely, in the liturgical texts, the morphology of the compositions, the modality and the notation

Auxiliary Basis Sets for Density Fitting in Explicitly Correlated Calculations: The Atoms H–Ar

Auxiliary basis sets specifically matched to the correlation consistent cc- pVnZ-F12 and cc-pCVnZ-F12 orbital basis sets for the elements H−Ar have been optimized at the density-fitted second-order Møller−Plesset perturbation theory level of theory for use in explicitly correlated (F12) methods, which utilize density fitting for the evaluation of two-electron integrals. Calculations of the correlation energy for a test set of small to medium sized molecules indicate that the density fitting error when using these auxiliary sets is 2 to 3 orders of magnitude smaller than the F12 orbital basis set incompleteness error. The error introduced by the use of these fitting sets within the resolution-of-the-identity approximation of the many-electron integrals arising in F12 theory has also been assessed and is demonstrated to be negligible and well-controlled. General guidelines are proposed for the optimization of density fitting auxiliary basis sets for use with F12 methods for other elements

Computer simulation of arterial circulatory system

Εθνικό Μετσόβιο Πολυτεχνείο--Μεταπτυχιακή Εργασία. Διεπιστημονικό-Διατμηματικό Πρόγραμμα Μεταπτυχιακών Σπουδών (Δ.Π.Μ.Σ.) “Υπολογιστική Μηχανική

Theoretical Investigation of Iridium (II) Sulfides Ir2(μ-S)2(PH3)4 AND Ir2(μ-S)2(PPh3)4

Density functional theory results of the electronic structure of an iridium sulfide, Ir_(2)S_(2)(PPh_(3))_(4) (2), are presented here, along with a discussion of the reaction mechanism of dihydrogen activation on this sulfide. This Ir (II) sulfide shows unusual reactivity binding two equivalents of H_(2). The first reaction was believed to be a homolytic cleavage of one H_(2), between the two iridium centers, which would produce the dihydride complex Ir_(2)(PPh_(3))_(2)H_(2)(µ-S)_(2) (3), while the second-product was believed to arise from heterolytic cleavage by (3) of a second H_(2), between an iridium and a bridging-sulfur atom, which would produce Ir_(2)(µ-S)(µ-SH)(µ-H)H_(2)(PPh_(3))_(4) (4). Previously published crystal structures on (2) and (3) suggest that the there is a strong metal-metal bond in the Ir(II) d7 dimer, (2), and that this bond is surprisingly preserved in the first H_(2) cleavage product, (3). We investigated the activation of H_(2) by this Ir(II) complex, and the corresponding model complex Ir_(2)(µ-S)_(2)(PH(3))_(4), in order to determine the details of this pathway. Our proposed mechanism suggests that the activation of the first equivalent of hydrogen can be either heterolytic or hemolytic, leading to a species with a bridging hydride Ir_(2)H(µ-S)_(2)(µ-H)(PPh_(3))_(4) (3-brid) in which the metal-metal bond is preserved, while the second activation appears to be a heterolytic activation, which produces the final product (4)