Ergonomi Partisipasi dalam Mempromosikan Pengelolaan Sampah Mandiri dan Daur Ulang Kemasan Tetra Pak

In PERPRES NO 97 year 2017 which contains policies and strategies for waste management, targeting until the year 2025, 70% of waste handling and reduction of up to 30%. This can be done in the context of waste management using the 3R principle (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle). To achieve a 15% reduction in waste is very difficult if awareness of caring about waste does not start with members of the Indonesian community itself. Circular economy has begun to be tested as one of the environmental friendly economic systems. PT Tetra Pak Indonesia is one of the companies that has implemented business practices with environment insightful. In this research, a didactic experiment had been done with the concept of participatory ergonomics approach to measure how much the participants want to participate in realizing an economic circular system, and specifically promoting independent waste management and recycling of tetra pak packaging. The results of this study are expected to be useful for developing innovations in improving the quality of empowerment of economic circular programs.    Abstrak Di dalam PERPRES NO 97 thn 2017 yang berisi tentang kebijakan dan strategi pengolahan sampah, mentargetkan  sampai thn 2025, terjadi penanganan sampah 70% dan pengurangannya sampai 30 %. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dalam konteks pengelolaan sampah yang menggunakan prinsip 3 R: Reduce, Reuse dan Recycle. Untuk mencapai angka penurunan sampah 15% sangat sulit jika kesadaran peduli sampah tidak dimulai dari anggota masyarakat Indonesia sendiri. Sirkular ekonomi (circular economy) telah mulai diuji coba sebagai salah satu sistem ekonomi ramah lingkungan.  PT. Tetra Pak Indonesia adalah salah satu perusahaan yang sudah menerapkan praktik bisnis yang berwawasan lingkungan. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan eksperimen didaktik dengan pendekatan konsep ergonomi partisipasi guna mengukur seberapa besar keinginan para partisipan terkait untuk berpartisipasi mewujudkan sistem sirkular ekonomi, dan secara khusus mempromosikan pengelolaan sampah mandiri dan daur ulang kemasan tetra pak. Hasil penelitian ini, diharapkan akan berguna untuk mengembangkan inovasi-inovasi yang berguna dalam meningkatkan kualitas pemberdayaan program sirkular ekonomi.  Kata Kunci: Ergonomi Partisipasi, Pengelolaan sampah, Daur Ulang, Tetra Pak, Sirkular Ekonomi &nbsp

PERANCANGAN APLIKASI BANK SAMPAH “SAMPAHQU” BERBASIS MOBILE DI TANGERANG SELATAN MENGGUNAKAN RAPID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT

Currently, household waste management has been managed by a waste bank so that the existing daily waste is collected and sorted to be recycled to make the environment better and less pollution-free. In carrying out its activities, the Garbage Bank in South Tangerang City experienced problems starting from the process of depositing waste from customers, the process of recording transactions and reporting transactions that occurred, modifying so that customer data collection, types of waste, and existing reports were still not well organized and there were no media. Communication can be used between the waste bank and waste bank customers. This research will design a waste bank information system for waste management in South Tangerang from the existing problems. The Rapid Application Development (RAD) methodology with the prototyping method is used in designing a mobile-based integrated waste bank application. The proposed system uses UML (Unified Modeling Language) modeling. The results of this study are an integrated waste bank application that can make a good contribution, namely helping the community to deposit their household waste and assisting waste bank managers in making effective and efficient recording and reportin

Pengukuran Kinerja Lingkungan Industri di Indonesia berdasarkan Standar Industri Hijau

National industries need to anticipate the numerous environmental issues in international trade, in order to compete with other countries. Ministry of Industry Republic of Indonesia has responded that issue by putting green industry as an important part of Master Plan of National Industry Development 2015 – 2035. To encourage industry in implementing green industry principle, since 2010 Ministry of Indsutry has conducted Green Industry Award. Although each year, there is an increasing number of award receivers, but comparing with the total numbers of industries in Indonesia, the percentage of award receivers is so small. Therefore, this research is conducted to measure the environmental performance of several industries in Indonesia in order to know whether industries are ready to implement green industry standard. Data were collected in 6 manufacturing industries, based on the green industry self-assessment form released by ministry of industry. From the sixth industries which were evaluated, there are two industries that show low commitment to the environment because their scores are below 50. There is one industry categorized as green industry level 1 (score=56.5). Meanwhile there are two industries categorized as level 3 (score= 77.1 and 79.8) and one industry reached level 4 (score 82.1).Keywords: green industry,environment performance, self-assesmen

PERANCANGAN KERANGKA PENGUKURAN KINERJA BALANCED SCORECARD DENGAN METODE QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT PADA PT. MML

PT. MML as electronic retail company was founded in 2010. This company doesn’t have  performance measurement that can cover the whole company performance that is needed. Moreover, the system of performance measurement is partial. The outcome of measurement is only evaluated by related manager and it doesn’t involve other department manager thus improvement that is conducted, doesn’t notice the other impact that is given to another department performance. On that word, designing Balanced Scorecard performance measurement framework with Quality Function Deployment method is required to framework of performance measurement as integrated strategic measurement tool for all departments. In designing that framework needs some data such as interview data, and questionnaire data which is intended to Top Manager for determining performance measures, customer and staff for determining performance driver by using type of sampling is simple random sampling. Besides, matrix of House of Quality roles to decide performance measure with its performance driver, while matrix of QFD II roles to design strategic map and diagram of cause-effect relationship. Based on simulation the result of performance measurement for financial perspective is 3.1 (quite good), customer perspective is 3.51 (good), internal business process perspective is 4.27 (very good), learning and growth perspective is 4.33 (very good). Keyword : Kerangka pengukuran kinerja, Balanced Scorecard, Quality Function Deploymen

Pengukuran Kinerja Lingkungan Industri di Indonesia berdasarkan Standar Industri Hijau

National industries need to anticipate the numerous environmental issues in international trade, in order to compete with other countries. Ministry of Industry Republic of Indonesia has responded that issue by putting green industry as an important part of Master Plan of National Industry Development 2015 – 2035. To encourage industry in implementing green industry principle, since 2010 Ministry of Indsutry has conducted Green Industry Award. Although each year, there is an increasing number of award receivers, but comparing with the total numbers of industries in Indonesia, the percentage of award receivers is so small. Therefore, this research is conducted to measure the environmental performance of several industries in Indonesia in order to know whether industries are ready to implement green industry standard. Data were collected in 6 manufacturing industries, based on the green industry self-assessment form released by ministry of industry. From the sixth industries which were evaluated, there are two industries that show low commitment to the environment because their scores are below 50. There is one industry categorized as green industry level 1 (score=56.5). Meanwhile there are two industries categorized as level 3 (score= 77.1 and 79.8) and one industry reached level 4 (score 82.1). Keywords: green industry,environment performance, self-assesmen

Lösungsstrategien zur Verminderung von Einträgen von urbanem Plastik in limnische Systeme - PLASTRAT - Synthesebericht

Der Einsatz von Plastik gehört zu den großen Errungenschaften unserer Zeit. Die Nutzung von Plastik in unseren verschiedenen Lebensbereichen ermöglicht uns heute Vieles. Dabei setzen wir Plastik oft ein, ohne dass uns dies bewusst ist. Wieviel „virtuelles Plastik“ war allein notwendig, um diesen Synthesebericht zu erstellen? Wieviel Plastik benötigen Sie gerade, um diesen Synthesebericht zu lesen? Wie so oft, so hat auch der Einsatz von Plastik zwei Seiten: den positiven Errungenschaften stehen negative Auswirkungen gegenüber, vor allem nach der Nutzung von Plastik. Im Fokus stehen hierbei Fragestellungen der Toxikologie sowie der Abfallverwertung. Im Gegensatz zu vielen anderen Stoffen, mit denen wir täglich in Berührung sind, hat Plastik die Eigenschaft, dass sich kleinste Partikel bilden. So ist es nicht verwunderlich, dass sich mittlerweile in allen Umweltmedien Mikroplastikpartikel finden lassen. Die Idee von PLASTRAT war es, in einem interdisziplinären Team Ansätze für die Verminderung von Einträgen von Plastik in Gewässer zu untersuchen. Dabei standen über den Ansatz der systemischen Risikoanalyse die unterschiedlichen Sektoren im Fokus, angefangen von der Erzeugung, über die Nutzung bis hin zu den Eintragspfaden und die toxikologische Bewertung. Der Synthesebericht fasst die Ergebnisse von PLASTRAT zusammen. Vor allem zeigt der Synthesebericht die großen Herausforderungen sowie Lösungsansätze zum Thema Mikroplastik auf. Dabei wird auch deutlich, dass wir bei vielen Fragestellungen zum Umgang mit Plastik erst am Anfang stehen. Die ersten Ideen zu PLASTRAT entstanden 2016. In den vergangenen fünf Jahren stand das Thema Plastik im Fokus von Öffentlichkeit und Presse. In dieser Zeit gab es bereits wichtige Veränderungen beim Einsatz von Plastik bei diversen Produkten, beispielsweise durch die Substitution durch alternative Materialien. Dies zeigt deutlich, dass eine Bewusstseinsveränderung stattgefunden hat, die sich sicherlich in der Zukunft fortsetzten wird. Die Arbeiten und Diskussionen im Projektteam von PLASTRAT waren spannend. In vielen Projektbesprechungen wurde an den Forschungsfragestellungen gearbeitet und nach Lösungen gesucht. Es gab einen intensiven persönlichen Austausch mit allen am Projekt beteiligten Personen, so dass uns die seit 2020 geltenden Einschränkungen durch die Corona-Pandemie nicht immer leichtgefallen sind. Wir möchten uns bei allen bedanken, die bei PLASTRAT mitgewirkt haben. Allen Lesern des Syntheseberichts wünschen wir viele Freude beim Lesen und hoffen, dass wir Ihnen einen Impuls für den zukünftigen Umgang mit (Mikro-)Plastik geben können

Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

The improvement of block chain technology simulation in supply chain management (case study: pesticide company)

Abstract This research was conducted on industrial agriculture in Indonesia. Risk analysis was carried out based on previous research. One source of risk was obtained, namely raw materials that did not meet specifications, which was then proposed to be mitigated by evaluating supplier performance. This activity involves a lot of data, requiring efficient and effective data storage and access. The level in the simulation layout includes analysing system needs, using problem diagrams, compiling activity diagrams, deciding subprocesses, and filtering information. The analysis is carried out by comparing the use of supply chains with Blockchain and without Blockchain, which is then obtained to determine whether there is an increase. A sequentially stored data scenario describes a situation when the transaction process is in progress and is stored sequentially according to the process that occurs. Storing data in groups explains a problem when a transaction has been completed and stored in groups with similar data, making it easier to track specific data. In this regard, a simulation will be carried out using a website, namely a blockchain demo. The design stage starts with identifying system requirements, creating use case diagrams, compiling activity diagrams, determining subprocesses, and selecting information. The simulation results obtained will be analysed to determine the feasibility of Blockchain as a means of supporting risk mitigation related to data using aspects, including security, trust, traceability, sustainability, and costs

Lösungsstrategien zur Verminderung von Einträgen von urbanem Plastik in limnische Systeme - PLASTRAT - Synthesebericht

Der Einsatz von Plastik gehört zu den großen Errungenschaften unserer Zeit. Die Nutzung von Plastik in unseren verschiedenen Lebensbereichen ermöglicht uns heute Vieles. Dabei setzen wir Plastik oft ein, ohne dass uns dies bewusst ist. Wieviel „virtuelles Plastik“ war allein notwendig, um diesen Synthesebericht zu erstellen? Wieviel Plastik benötigen Sie gerade, um diesen Synthesebericht zu lesen? Wie so oft, so hat auch der Einsatz von Plastik zwei Seiten: den positiven Errungenschaften stehen negative Auswirkungen gegenüber, vor allem nach der Nutzung von Plastik. Im Fokus stehen hierbei Fragestellungen der Toxikologie sowie der Abfallverwertung. Im Gegensatz zu vielen anderen Stoffen, mit denen wir täglich in Berührung sind, hat Plastik die Eigenschaft, dass sich kleinste Partikel bilden. So ist es nicht verwunderlich, dass sich mittlerweile in allen Umweltmedien Mikroplastikpartikel finden lassen. Die Idee von PLASTRAT war es, in einem interdisziplinären Team Ansätze für die Verminderung von Einträgen von Plastik in Gewässer zu untersuchen. Dabei standen über den Ansatz der systemischen Risikoanalyse die unterschiedlichen Sektoren im Fokus, angefangen von der Erzeugung, über die Nutzung bis hin zu den Eintragspfaden und die toxikologische Bewertung. Der Synthesebericht fasst die Ergebnisse von PLASTRAT zusammen. Vor allem zeigt der Synthesebericht die großen Herausforderungen sowie Lösungsansätze zum Thema Mikroplastik auf. Dabei wird auch deutlich, dass wir bei vielen Fragestellungen zum Umgang mit Plastik erst am Anfang stehen. Die ersten Ideen zu PLASTRAT entstanden 2016. In den vergangenen fünf Jahren stand das Thema Plastik im Fokus von Öffentlichkeit und Presse. In dieser Zeit gab es bereits wichtige Veränderungen beim Einsatz von Plastik bei diversen Produkten, beispielsweise durch die Substitution durch alternative Materialien. Dies zeigt deutlich, dass eine Bewusstseinsveränderung stattgefunden hat, die sich sicherlich in der Zukunft fortsetzten wird. Die Arbeiten und Diskussionen im Projektteam von PLASTRAT waren spannend. In vielen Projektbesprechungen wurde an den Forschungsfragestellungen gearbeitet und nach Lösungen gesucht. Es gab einen intensiven persönlichen Austausch mit allen am Projekt beteiligten Personen, so dass uns die seit 2020 geltenden Einschränkungen durch die Corona-Pandemie nicht immer leichtgefallen sind. Wir möchten uns bei allen bedanken, die bei PLASTRAT mitgewirkt haben. Allen Lesern des Syntheseberichts wünschen wir viele Freude beim Lesen und hoffen, dass wir Ihnen einen Impuls für den zukünftigen Umgang mit (Mikro-)Plastik geben können