3,660 research outputs found
Locher's and Grüninger's edition of Horace from Strasbourg 1498: At the crossroads between printed and manuscript book production and use
This contribution aims to exemplify through a case study focused on Germany, how the late fifteenth-century availability of printed classical texts, whether for teachers or for students, facilitated an internationalisation of local textual traditions, sometimes with cultural tensions as a result. Printed books were commodities which modified both ways of engaging with texts and ways of producing manuscript texts. At the same time, pre-existing ways of making and using books formed the expectations of customers which producers of printed books sought to meet or, in a world of international commercial competition, even to exceed, by introducing innovative features which matched the evolving needs of potential buyers. We find a complex interplay of intellectual demands for change, institutionally established user expectations and the need for printers and publishers to create economically viable commodities, where printed books shaped a preexisting and continued manuscript based literary culture
A model analysis on nitrate leaching under different soil and climate conditions and use of catch crops
The use of crops and catch crops with deep rooting can strongly improve the possibility of retaining nitrate-N that will otherwise be leached to the deeper soil layers and end up in the surrounding environment. But will it always be an advantage for the farmer to
grow a catch crop? This will depend on factors such as soil mineral nitrogen level, soil water holding capacity, winter precipitation, rooting depth and N demand of the scceeding crop. These factors interact, and it can be very difficult for farmers or advisors to use this information to decide whether growing a catch crop will be beneficial. To analyse the effect of catch crops under different Danish soil and precipitation conditions, we used the soil, plant and atmosphere model Daisy
A MATLAB Script for Solving 2D/3D Minimum Compliance Problems using Anisotropic Mesh Adaptation
Efficient Charge Separation in 2D Janus van der Waals Structures with Build-in Electric Fields and Intrinsic p-n Doping
Janus MoSSe monolayers were recently synthesised by replacing S by Se on one
side of MoS (or vice versa for MoSe). Due to the different
electronegativity of S and Se these structures carry a finite out-of-plane
dipole moment. As we show here by means of density functional theory (DFT)
calculations, this intrinsic dipole leads to the formation of built-in electric
fields when the monolayers are stacked to form -layer structures. For
sufficiently thin structures () the dipoles add up and shift the vacuum
level on the two sides of the film by eV. However, for
thicker films charge transfer occurs between the outermost layers forming
atomically thin n- and p-doped electron gasses at the two surfaces. The doping
concentration can be tuned between about e/cm and
e/cm by varying the film thickness. The surface charges
counteract the static dipoles leading to saturation of the vacuum level shift
at around 2.2 eV for . Based on band structure calculations and the
Mott-Wannier exciton model, we compute the energies of intra- and interlayer
excitons as a function of film thickness suggesting that the Janus multilayer
films are ideally suited for achieving ultrafast charge separation over atomic
length scales without chemical doping or applied electric fields. Finally, we
explore a number of other potentially synthesisable 2D Janus structures with
different band gaps and internal dipole moments. Our results open new
opportunities for ultrathin opto-electronic components such as tunnel diodes,
photo-detectors, or solar cells
Simulating Root Density Dynamics and Nitrogen Uptake -Field Trials and Root Model Approach in Denmark
Plant soil and atmosphere models are commonly used to predict crop yield and associated environmental consequences. Such models often include complex modelling of water movement, soil organic matter turnover and above ground plant growth. However, the root modelling in these models is often very simple, partly due to a limited access to experimental data. Here we propose a root model developed to describe root growth, root density and nitrogen uptake. The model focuses on annual crops, and attempts to model root growth of different crop species and row crops and its significance for nitrogen uptake from different parts of the soil volume
Novel Micro-fabricated Chip With Micro-channels for In-situ Observation of Liquid Samples and Processes in TEM
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