Understanding the etiopathogenesis of Katigraha - An Observational Study

Katigraha is one among the Vataja Nanatmaja Vyadhi which simulates with the signs and symptoms of Low Back pain. It continues to be the most common health concern for which patients seek primary care therapy. Our Acharyas explains Katigraha as a Lakshana in various Vatavyadhi and in other diseases. Here, Katigraha indicates a disease condition of the back associated with pain and stiff movements. As Gada Nigraha clearly states pain is produced due to stiffness produced by Saama or Niraama Vayu movement in to Kati hence this suggests of presence of Dhatu Kshayatmaka and Marga Avarodhaka type of Samprapti. Hence in this context Katigraha denotes a group of symptoms characterized by the restriction of movements of Kati region in which pain would be a main feature as Graha alternatively means pain as restriction is said to produce pain in the particular region. The backache or lumbago is one of conditions which results from violation of bio mechanics of spine as it results when the physical and mental strain and faulty postures alter anthropometrical precision. The 70-80% of world population suffers from backache at some point of their life. As the back pain is very subjective in nature, there are very few objectives finding in history, clinical examination and even on extensive radiological or laboratory investigation

Decision-Making and Optimization Framework for the Design of Emerging Satellite Constellations

Presented at AIAA SciTech 2023, National Harbor, MD January 23rd -27th, 2023With the parallel increase in global orbital debris due to passive object collisions, as well as in the number of proposed low earth orbit mega-constellations, in anti-satellite missile tests, and the fielding of new satellites, there is an inherent need for a framework to optimize the design of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) mega-constellations to avoid collisions while maintaining the functionality of the constellation. In this paper, we aim to provide a framework that unifies these considerations in the conceptual design phase of mega-constellations. We start with a discussion of metrics of importance for the design of mega-constellations, namely coverage, collision risk, collision avoidance, and station-keeping costs. With these metrics defined, we utilize the first principles of orbital mechanics and statistical models to analyze potential alternative mega-constellation designs. These designs are then optimized using Non-denominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm 2 (NSGA2) with our own defined objective function to create a repository of Pareto optimal configurations. We then showcase how a multi-criteria decision-making methodology can be utilized by a variety of unique stakeholders and subject-matter experts to select an optimal constellation design for a given scenario. A Pareto Frontier collection with optimal solutions of 10 constellations was produced by the framework. Radar plots to assess the significance of the weighted metric of the framework shows several trading options for conceptual designs of the constellations. We finally discuss the scope, limitations, applications, and future work for various scenarios

Composition analysis (pick analysis) of waste generated from household : A pilot study in Ujjain city, India

Waste segregation is an essential function in improving waste management. Waste segregation not only facilitates recycling and reduces waste going to landfills, rather it can benefit our environment and human in various ways. A pick analysis of waste composition is used to characterize the household waste stream and thus can analyze the segregation rate among the residents. In addition, it can measure the actual waste sorting behaviour at the household/community level. The objective of the study was to assess feasibility of a large-scale waste composition study, identify methodological and operational challenges, and estimate the resources needed to conduct the main waste composition study in order to obtain and get indicative figures about waste generation, composition, and miss-sorted proportions. The study team went door-to-door to collect waste in colour coded bags. We also collected the socio-demographic data of the households. The collected waste was weighed and segregated to analyze the waste composition. The analysis was done among 45 households, and it was found that the per capita waste generation per day is 0.25 kg (0.24 kg from slum and 0.27 kg from non-slum). Challenges identified in conducting waste composition study were lack of standard waste fraction classifications, difficulty in recruitment of personnel to conduct study due to social taboo around waste, challenge in co-coordinating with Ujjain Municipal Corporation waste collection vehicle for collection of waste. 53 household activities were completed in 5 and half hours with INR 24685 (USD 300.5). Pick analysis could be adopted by the Ujjain Municipal Corporation after cost effective analysis to generate precise estimate of waste generation, resource recovery, efficient resource allocation and will help in future interventions and informed policy decision making to improve segregation.Peer reviewe

Feasibility assessment of crowdsourcing slogans for promoting household waste segregation in India: a cross-sectional study

IntroductionCrowdsourcing is an emerging technique to engage or access a wider set of experts and multiple stakeholders through online platforms, which might effectively be employed in waste management. Therefore, we assessed the feasibility of the crowdsourcing method to provide an alternative approach that can improve household waste segregation using an “online-slogan-contest”.MethodsThe contest was promoted via targeted emails to various governmental and non-governmental organizations and through social media platforms for around 4 weeks (25 days). The entries were received through a Google form. The slogans were assessed by the experts and analyzed using content analysis methods.ResultsTotal 969 entries were received from different geographic regions in India. Of that, 456 were in English and 513 in Hindi. Five themes of waste segregation emerged from the received slogans: (1) Community awareness, responsibility, and support, (2) Significance of household waste segregation, (3) Use of separate dustbins, (4) Health and well-being, and (5) Environment and sustainability.DiscussionCrowdsourcing approaches can be used by local authorities for improving waste management approaches and are recommended as these involve a wider audience within a short time frame. Moreover, this approach is flexible and integrating crowdsourcing approaches strengthens our understanding of existing waste management activities

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Not AvailableIn tea production, India ranks second largest in the world, after China. Indian tea industry is one of the largest in the world and with over 13,000 gardens and produces 1350 million kg of tea leaves. Tea production and processing require electrical and thermal energy in various processes such as irrigation, withering, rolling, fermentation, drying, sorting/grading, and packaging. To produce one kg of tea requires thermal and electrical energy in the range of 4.45–6.84 kWh and 0.4–0.7 kWh respectively. In tea gardens, diesel generators are commonly used for irrigational needs in off-grid areas. In tea industry, fossil fuels such as coal, low sulphur diesel are mostly used to encounter the thermal energy needs and these energy sources heavily pollute the environment. This is a serious cause of concern for all including national and international agencies. These conventional fuels may be replaced by suitable renewable energy resources to meet the energy demand of tea plantations and industries. The identification of suitable renewable energy technologies to satisfy the energy requirement of both tea plantation and industry for north-eastern states and the southern part of India are reviewed extensively and the technological barriers are delineated.Not Availabl

A DNA-based voltmeter for organelles

Saminathan A, Devany J, Veetil AT, et al. A DNA-based voltmeter for organelles. Nature Nanotechnology. 2020.The role of membrane potential in most intracellular organelles remains unexplored because of the lack of suitable tools. Here, we describe Voltair, a fluorescent DNA nanodevice that reports the absolute membrane potential and can be targeted to organelles in live cells. Voltair consists of a voltage-sensitive fluorophore and a reference fluorophore for ratiometry, and acts as an endocytic tracer. Using Voltair, we could measure the membrane potential of different organelles in situ in live cells. Voltair can potentially guide the rational design of biocompatible electronics and enhance our understanding of how membrane potential regulates organelle biology

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Not AvailableThe management of energy consumption in agriculture is a worldwide concern because of the adverse effects of CO2 emissions from fossil fuels, which are generally used as an energy source for various applications in agriculture is a major reason behind Global warming. Renewable energy technologies are promoted in many parts of the world for various agriculture applications for mitigating CO2 emissions associated with fossil fuels. Tea (Camellia sinensis) is the most manufactured beverage consumed in the world and global tea market has been valued at 15 billion dollars. India ranks second (after China) among the tea producing countries across the World. A pilot study has been conducted in the north eastern states of India, which is major tea growing region of the country, to explore the use of non-renewable sources of energy and amount of CO2 emission from the conventional energy sources as well as the feasibility of renewable energy system in tea estates. The results from data analysis reveal that there is huge scope for adoption of renewable energy system in tea estates of north eastern region which will be beneficial both for the tea estates as well as the environment.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe management of energy consumption in agriculture is a worldwide concern because of the adverse effects of CO2 emissions from fossil fuels, which are generally used as an energy source for various applications in agriculture. Renewable energy technologies are promoted in many parts of the world for various agriculture applications for mitigating CO2 emissions associated with fossil fuels. Tea (Camellia sinensis) is the most manufactured beverage consumed in the world and the global tea market has been valued at 15 billion dollars. India ranks second (after China) among the tea producing countries across the World. A pilot study was carried out in the north eastern states of India, which is the major tea-growing region of the country during 2020. The main objective behind study was to explore the use of non-renewable sources of energy and amount of CO2 emission from the conventional energy sources as well as the feasibility of a renewable energy system in tea estates. The results from data analysis reveal that there is huge scope for adoption of renewable energy systems in tea estates of the north-eastern region which will be beneficial both for the tea estates as well as the environment.Not Availabl

Feasibility assessment of crowdsourcing slogans for promoting household waste segregation in India: a cross-sectional study

Introduction: Crowdsourcing is an emerging technique to engage or access a wider set of experts and multiple stakeholders through online platforms, which might effectively be employed in waste management. Therefore, we assessed the feasibility of the crowdsourcing method to provide an alternative approach that can improve household waste segregation using an “online-slogan-contest”. Methods: The contest was promoted via targeted emails to various governmental and non-governmental organizations and through social media platforms for around 4 weeks (25 days). The entries were received through a Google form. The slogans were assessed by the experts and analyzed using content analysis methods. Results: Total 969 entries were received from different geographic regions in India. Of that, 456 were in English and 513 in Hindi. Five themes of waste segregation emerged from the received slogans: (1) Community awareness, responsibility, and support, (2) Significance of household waste segregation, (3) Use of separate dustbins, (4) Health and well-being, and (5) Environment and sustainability. Discussion: Crowdsourcing approaches can be used by local authorities for improving waste management approaches and are recommended as these involve a wider audience within a short time frame. Moreover, this approach is flexible and integrating crowdsourcing approaches strengthens our understanding of existing waste management activities