Cytomorphological changes in breast carcinomas, after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a study of twenty cases

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy administered pre-operatively is the standard of care therapy for locally advanced breast cancers, mainly for clinical down staging. The histopathological evaluation of tumor response is the gold standard. Aims: To study the morphological changes induced with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast carcinoma and assess the response or non-response of cancers to systemic therapy, based on a web based calculation script at www.mdanderson.org/breastcancer_RCB and also evaluated basing on NSABP-B18 system.Methods: 20 cases of radical mastectomies in locally advanced breast carcinomas with neoadjuvant chemotherapy are studied.Results: All the cases are female breast cancers. Macroscopically, the size of the tumor bed ranges from 10 mm to 90 mm in maximum dimension. The morphological changes: Tumor cellularity, cytomorphological changes. In the present study 20% of cases are pCR/RCB 0, 40% are pNR/RCB III cases and 40% are pPR/RCB I & II (i.e. pCR- pathological complete response, pNR-pathological no response, pPR-pathological partial response, RCB-Residual Cancer Burden).   Conclusions: The spectrum of changes observed in the tumor bed is coagulative necrosis, hyalinisation, dystrophic calcification and intense mononuclear inflammatory cell collections, cytoplasmic vacuolization and bizarre nuclei.  Quantification of the residual disease by RCB system and to categorize the residual disease is important, to predict the disease-free relapse rate.

CRAM ON LIVE LOADS ON BY USING LAMINATED COMPOUND WARPED PLATES

The material nonlinearity consequences and thermal consequences at the buckling and put up-buckling evaluation, the primary-ply failure evaluation and the failure and damage analysis were emphasised specifically. The destiny research is summarised ultimately. For a entire buckling have a look at, a geometrically nonlinear assessment have to be performed. In a geometrically nonlinear evaluation, the stiffness matrix of the structure is updated between loading increments to don't forget deformations that have an impact on the structural behaviour, now not like a linear buckling assessment in which the stiffness matrix is everyday via the assessment. .The buckling of twisted plates is investigated by way of a nonlinear analysis. The effect of some of layers, converting the angle of twist, width to thickness ratio, thing ratio, and many others are studied. It is determined in all times that the buckling load through manner of nonlinear analysis is lesser than that anticipated via the usage of a linear analysis which proves the significance of the present take a look at. The solution of dynamic stability problems entails derivation of the equation of movement, discretization, and determination of dynamic instability regions of the structures

A Routing Framework for Video Traffic in Wireless Multihop Network

Wireless mobile adhoc networks are comprised of coordinating mobile nodes that needn't bother with any supporting framework or concentrated access point. Notwithstanding challenges postured by wireless networks to mixed media communication, the inborn qualities of mobile impromptu networks make interactive media communication more troublesome as ways are regularly broken, interface limits change and the nodes more often than not have tight power limitations. Much work has been done to improve singular layers in the system convention stack to address these difficulties. As of late different research bunches have proposed changes in view of cross-layer plans, where improvements are not made locally but rather together finished various layers. Our work investigates the purposes behind utilizing cross layer plans and examines both the favorable circumstances and exchange offs of such outlines. We investigate how distinctive parts of the system layer stack might be influenced because of such strategies. We display a study of various cross-layer procedures that have been proposed. Many testing issues in cross-layer plans are yet to be settled. In the review we propose a general system that encourages communication and streamlining over the whole systems administration convention stack to investigate cross-layer outlines. We additionally distinguish a couple of different ranges for future work

Indian Jujuba Seed Powder as an Eco-Friendly and a Low-Cost Biosorbent for Removal of Acid Blue 25 from Aqueous Solution

Indian jujuba seed powder (IJSP) has been investigated as a low-cost and an eco-friendly biosorbent, prepared for the removal of Acid Blue 25 (AB25) from aqueous solution. The prepared biomaterial was characterized by using FTIR and scanning electron microscopic studies. The effect of operation variables, such as IJSP dosage, contact time, concentration, pH, and temperature on the removal of AB25 was investigated, using batch biosorption technique. Removal efficiency increased with increase of IJSP dosage but decreased with increase of temperature. The equilibrium data were analyzed by the Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherm models. The data fitted well with the Langmuir model with a maximum biosorption capacity of 54.95 mg g−1. The pseudo-second-order kinetics was the best for the biosorption of AB25 by IJSP, with good correlation. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard free energy change (ΔG0), standard enthalpy changes (ΔH0), and standard entropy changes (ΔS0) were analyzed. The removal of AB25 from aqueous solution by IJSP was a spontaneous and exothermic adsorption process. The results suggest that IJSP is a potential low-cost and an eco-friendly biosorbent for the AB25 removal from synthetic AB25 wastewater

Synthesis of Indonesian Kaolin-nZVI (IK-nZVI), Evaluation for the Removal of Pb(II) from Waste Streams

Removal of toxic pollutants such as heavy metals from wastewater is of utmost importance in the current century. Heavy metals have severed a big problem in the world. Several tools have been established to mitigate this problem. In this research paper, Indonesian Kaolin-nano zerovalent iron (IK-nZVI) was synthesized as a model adsorbent for Pb(II) removal from wastewater. The efficiency of IK supported nZVI for Pb(II) removal efficiency was estimated by accompanying batch experiments. The examined parameters included the amount of IK-nZVI, the concentration of Pb(II) removal and the effect of pH. The results revealed that the IK-nZVI was efficient for the removal of Pb(II) from waste water. © 2020 Author(s).The author Lakkaboyana Sivarama Krishna is grateful to the Graduate School and The Thailand Research Fund (IRG578001), Chulalongkorn University for providing financial support, Senior Postdoctoral Fellowship under Rachadapisaek Sompote Fund

Synthesis and characterization of Cu(OH)2-NWs-PVA-AC Nano-composite and its use as an efficient adsorbent for removal of methylene blue

The present study focused on the synthesis of copper hydroxide nanowires decorated on activated carbon (Cu(OH)2-NWs-PVA-AC). The obtained Cu(OH)2-NWs-PVA-AC Nano-composite was distinguished by XRD, SEM, EDX, BET, FTIR and XPS respectively. Besides, different variables such as solution pH, and initial dye concentration, contact time, and temperature were performed on the adsorption efficiency of MB in a small batch reactor. Further, the experimental results are analyzed by various kinetic models via PFO, PSO, intra-particle diffusion and Elovich models, and the results revealed that among the kinetic models, PSO shows more suitability. In addition, different adsorption isotherms were applied to the obtained experimental data and found that Langmuir–Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm were best fits with the maximum adsorption capacity of 139.9 and 107.6 mg/g, respectively. The Nano-composite has outstanding MB removal efficiency of 94–98.5% with a span of 10 min. and decent adsorption of about 98.5% at a pH of 10. Thermodynamic constants like Gibbs free energy, entropy, and enthalpy were analyzed from the temperature reliance. The results reveal the adsorption processes are spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The high negative value of ?G° (- 44.11 to - 48.86 kJ/mol) and a low negative value of ?H° (- 28.96 kJ/mol) show the feasibility and exothermic nature of the adsorption process. The synthesized dye was found to be an efficient adsorbent for the potential removal of cationic dye (methylene blue) from wastewater within a short time

Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization and Molecular Docking Studies of 2-Butyl-4-Chloro-5-Formylimidazole Thiosemicarbazone Cobalt (II) Complex

A novel 2-Butyl-4-chloro-5-formylimidazole thiosemicarbazonecobalt (II) complex is synthesized and characterized by using spectroscopic techniques like elemental analysis, FT-IR, HRMS, electronic spectral analysis and Powder-X-ray diffraction. The Co(II) complex is found to be highly efficient in inhibiting the growth of human pathogens likeS. aureusand B. megaterium with MIC value 12.0 μg/mL whose inhibition zones are almost comparable with the standard antibiotic. The synthesized complex well occupies in the active site of β- ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase III enzyme (PDB: 1MZS), in consists of catalytic triad and adenine-binding site, so the designed compoundis promising for to treat bacterial infection. © 2019 Author(s)

A critical assessment of technical advances in pharmaceutical removal from wastewater – A critical review

Use of pharmaceutical products has seen a tremendous increase in the recent decades. It has been observed that more than thirty million tons of pharmaceuticals are consumed worldwide. The used pharmaceutical products are not completely metabolized in human and animal body. Therefore, they are excreted to the environment and remain there as persistent organic chemicals. These compounds emerge as toxic contaminants in water and affect the human metabolism directly or indirectly. This literature review is an endeavour to understand the origin, applications and current advancement in the removal of pharmaceuticals from the environment. It discusses about the pharmaceuticals used in medical applications such diagnosis and disease treatment. In addition, it discusses about the recent approaches applied in pharmaceutical removal including microbial fuel cells, biofiltration, and bio nanotechnology approaches. Moreover, the challenges associated with pharmaceutical removal are presented considering biological and environmental factors. The review suggest the potential recommendations on pharmaceutical removal.The corresponding author Prof. Vinay Kumar is thankful to all the co-authors for their collaborative efforts in writing this paper. This work was supported by Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India.Peer reviewe

Evaluation of deep-learning and tree-boosting machine learning models in automatic error correction of forecasts from a physics-based model: A case study on Storå river, Denmark

Accurate real-time flood predictions play a vital role in flood early warning systems, which further helps in mitigating the damage and saving lives. Error correction using machine learning (ML) in physics-based models (alternatively known as physicallybased models) has been widely considered and recommended in the literature to improve forecast accuracy. This study mainly focuses on evaluating the ability of novel tree-based ML methods and Bidirectional LSTM (BLSTM) at different lead times and high flow conditions. Also, the performance of these methods is compared with the traditionally used autoregression (AR), Multilayer perceptron (MLP), and naïve models. So overall, we evaluated six data-driven models and one naïve model on Storå river to correct the errors in the physics-based model: Two tree-boosting ML models (XGBoost, Gradient boosting), two deep learning-based models (MLP, BLSTM), and then simple models like autoregression (AR) & persistence (or naïve). Then, a stacked model combining XGBoost, and AR is developed and tested. Hyperparameter tuning is performed using Bayesian optimization. Results on the independent test set show that all the methods can improve the discharge simulations from a physics-based model. However, the Bidirectional LSTM and stacked model are consistently performed slightly better than other models in all lead times. At shorter lead times, tree-boosting approaches marginally underperformed. While gradient boosting performed better at longer lead times and produced results comparable to BLSTM and stacked models, XGBoost continues to underperform but gave better results than AR and PERS & MLP. The BLSTM and stacked models performed well under high flow conditions as well. Even though the difference is minor, they consistently outperformed all the other models. Furthermore, while tree-based methods (XGBoost & gradient boosting) fared somewhat worse than BLSTM & stacked model, they outperformed basic methods (AR/Pers) and MLP at high flow conditions. One additional key finding in this study is that even when the stacked model was built using less computationally intensive methods (XGBoost & AR), it produced equivalent results to BLSTM