FORCE DEGRADATION STUDY AND RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR ESTIMATION OF FLUVOXAMINE MALEATE IN TABLET

Objective: To evaluate stability of drug by force degradation studies and to develop validated RP-HPLC method for quantitative estimation of fluvoxamine maleate in pharmaceutical dosage form.Methods: The optimized chromatographic conditions utilizes reversed-phase C18 Hyperchrome ODS column (250X4.6 mm, 5µ), mobile phase comprised of Methanol and Phosphate buffer (pH-2.5) in the ratio of 70:30 v/v, flow rate of 1 ml/min at ambient temperature and UV detection at 250 nm. Results: In the proposed method the retention time of fluvoxamine was found to be 5.94 min. The linearity of the proposed method was tested in the range of 10-50 μg/ml and correlation coefficient was found to be 0.998. The accuracy of the proposed method was carried out by standard addition method and found to be 99.62%. The % RSD of precision study was calculated as 0.69. The standard and marketed formulation exposed to hydrolytic and oxidative stress conditions indicates significant degradation with good resolution between the peaks corresponds to degradation products and analyte. The proposed force degradation study shows that fluvoxamine is labile molecule to acid, alkali, neutral and oxidative conditions and also susceptible to degradation when exposed to UV light, and humidity conditions while it was stable under dry heat (50 °C).Conclusion: The proposed validated HPLC method for the quantitative estimation of fluvoxamine maleate in tablet dosage form is accurate, precise, economic, and robust. The developed stability indicating method can be recommended for analysis of drug and its degradation products in stability samples.Â

Surrogate - Assisted Optimisation -Based Verification & Validation

This thesis deals with the application of optimisation based Validation and Verification (V&V) analysis on aerospace vehicles in order to determine their worst case performance metrics. To this end, three aerospace models relating to satellite and launcher vehicles provided by European Space Agency (ESA) on various projects are utilised. As a means to quicken the process of optimisation based V&V analysis, surrogate models are developed using polynomial chaos method. Surro- gate models provide a quick way to ascertain the worst case directions as computation time required for evaluating them is very small. A sin- gle evaluation of a surrogate model takes less than a second. Another contribution of this thesis is the evaluation of operational safety margin metric with the help of surrogate models. Operational safety margin is a metric defined in the uncertain parameter space and is related to the distance between the nominal parameter value and the first instance of performance criteria violation. This metric can help to gauge the robustness of the controller but requires the evaluation of the model in the constraint function and hence could be computationally intensive. As surrogate models are computationally very cheap, they are utilised to rapidly compute the operational safety margin metric. But this metric focuses only on finding a safe region around the nominal parameter value and the possibility of other disjoint safe regions are not explored. In order to find other safe or failure regions in the param- eter space, the method of Bernstein expansion method is utilised on surrogate polynomial models to help characterise the uncertain param- eter space into safe and failure regions. Furthermore, Binomial failure analysis is used to assign failure probabilities to failure regions which might help the designer to determine if a re-design of the controller is required or not. The methodologies of optimisation based V&V, surrogate modelling, operational safety margin, Bernstein expansion method and risk assessment have been combined together to form the WCAT-II MATLAB toolbox

Hierarchical Deep Learning Architecture For 10K Objects Classification

Evolution of visual object recognition architectures based on Convolutional Neural Networks & Convolutional Deep Belief Networks paradigms has revolutionized artificial Vision Science. These architectures extract & learn the real world hierarchical visual features utilizing supervised & unsupervised learning approaches respectively. Both the approaches yet cannot scale up realistically to provide recognition for a very large number of objects as high as 10K. We propose a two level hierarchical deep learning architecture inspired by divide & conquer principle that decomposes the large scale recognition architecture into root & leaf level model architectures. Each of the root & leaf level models is trained exclusively to provide superior results than possible by any 1-level deep learning architecture prevalent today. The proposed architecture classifies objects in two steps. In the first step the root level model classifies the object in a high level category. In the second step, the leaf level recognition model for the recognized high level category is selected among all the leaf models. This leaf level model is presented with the same input object image which classifies it in a specific category. Also we propose a blend of leaf level models trained with either supervised or unsupervised learning approaches. Unsupervised learning is suitable whenever labelled data is scarce for the specific leaf level models. Currently the training of leaf level models is in progress; where we have trained 25 out of the total 47 leaf level models as of now. We have trained the leaf models with the best case top-5 error rate of 3.2% on the validation data set for the particular leaf models. Also we demonstrate that the validation error of the leaf level models saturates towards the above mentioned accuracy as the number of epochs are increased to more than sixty.Comment: As appeared in proceedings for CS & IT 2015 - Second International Conference on Computer Science & Engineering (CSEN 2015

Optical properties of borotellurite glasses containing metal oxides

Glass samples of the system: 5MxOy-20B2O3-75TeO2 : MxOy = WO3, Nb 2O5, PbO, Nd2O3, Y2O3, Eu2O3 were prepared by melt quenching and characterized by X-ray diffraction, density, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, UV-visible and FTIR spectroscopy. XRD patterns confirmed the amorphous structure of all samples. Glass transition temperature was maximum in borotellurite glass containing Y2O3. Refractive index, atomic polarizability and basicity increased in the following order of ions: Y3+ < Eu3+ < Pb2+ < Nd3+ < Nb 3+ < W6+. FTIR studies showed that PbO is outstanding in enhancing the concentration of tetrahedral borons in the borotellurite network

Low use of statins and other coronary secondary prevention therapies in primary and secondary care in India.

ObjectiveTo determine the frequency of use of pharmacotherapy with aspirin, beta blocker, statin, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor in patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) among physicians at different levels of health care in Rajasthan state, India.MethodsPhysicians practicing at tertiary hospitals and clinics at tertiary, secondary and primary levels were contacted. Prescriptions of CHD patients were audited and descriptive statistics reported.ResultsWe evaluated 2,993 prescriptions (tertiary hospital discharge 711, tertiary 688, secondary 1,306, and primary 288). Use of aspirin was in 2,713 (91%) of prescriptions, beta blockers 2,057 (69%), ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) 2,471 (82%), and statins 2,059 (69%). Any one of these drugs was prescribed in 2,991 (100%), any two in 2,880 (96%), any three in 1,740 (58%), and all four in 1,062 (35.5%) (P &lt; 0.001). As compared to tertiary hospital, prescriptions at tertiary, secondary, and primary levels were lower: aspirin (96% vs 95%, 91%, 67%), beta blockers (80% vs 62%, 66%, 70%), statins (87% vs 82%, 62%, 21%): two drugs (98% vs 96%, 98%, 85%), three drugs (75% vs 58%, 55%, 28%), or four drugs (54% vs 44%, 28%, 7%) (P &lt; 0.01). Use of ACE inhibitors/ARBs was similar while nitrates (43% vs 23%, 43%, 70%), dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (12% vs 15%, 30%, 47%), and multivitamins (6% vs 26%, 37%, 47%) use was more in secondary and primary care.ConclusionsThere is suboptimal use of various evidence-based drugs (aspirin, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, and statins) for secondary prevention of CHD in India

Spontaneous rupture of giant hydatid cyst of lung into left bronchus: Preoperative diagnosis and treatment

Introduction: Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation caused by Echinococcus granulosus in which human is accidental intermediate host. Lung is the most common site involved in children unlike adults, where liver is involved. Case report: 13-year-old girl who was asymptomatic, was found to have reduced air entry on left side during health checkup. Chest radiography (CXR) was suggestive of radio-opaque lesion obscuring left cardiac border and left dome of diaphragm. CT chest report was suggestive of intrapulmonary hydatid cyst. However, few hours after admission, she developed anaphylactic reaction which was managed successfully with adrenaline and steroids. Repeat chest readiograph was suggestive of decreased opacity, air fluid level noticed on dependent part of left lung. Rupture of the cyst was suspected. She underwent left thoracotomy and evacuation of hydatid cyst was done. Intra-operative findings were suggestive of broken endocyst, thoracic cavity filled with fluid with multiple bronchial openings. Conclusion: Hydatid cyst despite of its thick covering layers, undergoes spontaneous rupture occasionally. Anaphylactic shock due to rupture of cyst is a life threatening complication

Case report on anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatitis and pancreatitis

Tuberculosis (TB) is a widespread infectious disease primarily impacting the lungs but with potential effects on various organs, such as bones, kidneys, and intestines. This case underscores a rare yet serious complication associated with anti-TB drug (ATD) treatment-the development of drug-induced acute pancreatitis. In this instance, a 65-year-old male undergoing ATD therapy exhibited symptoms including fever, vomiting, and fatigue. Despite receiving medical intervention, including intravenous antibiotics and hepatoprotective drugs, the patient's condition progressively worsened, ultimately resulting in a fatal outcome. This case emphasizes the crucial significance of early identification and effective management of such complications, highlighting the necessity for vigilant monitoring and regular assessment of liver function tests throughout ATD treatment

Structure of copper tellurite and borotellurite glasses by neutron diffraction, Raman, 11B MAS-NMR and FTIR spectroscopy

The structure of copper tellurite and borotellurite glasses is studied by x-ray and neutron diffraction, reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) simulations, FTIR, Raman and 11B MAS-NMR spectroscopy. Copper tellurite sample with 15 mol% CuO forms precipitates of tetragonal TeO2 within the glass matrix on melt quenching. The glass forming ability of the xCuO-(100-x)TeO2 system enhances with increase in CuO concentration from 15 to 20 mol% and also with the addition of B2O3. RMC simulations on the neutron diffraction data found that the Cu-O and Te-O bond lengths are approximately at equal distances in the range: 1·96 to 1·98±0·02 Å, while the nearest O-O distance is at 2·71±0·02 Å. Neutron and Raman results on the Te-O speciation are in agreement and confirmed that the Te-O coordination decreases with an increase in CuO and B2O3 molar concentrations in the tellurite and borotellurite glasses, respectively. RMC studies found that Cu2+ has tetrahedral coordination with oxygen, as predicted by Jahn-Teller distortion and that Cu-O and Te-O structural units have very similar size and geometry. The copper tellurite glass-ceramic sample with 15 mol% CuO was heat treated and it formed crystalline precipitates of TeO2 and CuTe2O5 upon devitrification; the average Te-O coordination was significantly smaller in the glass as compared to that in the crystalline sample

Concurrent variations of median and musculocutaneous nerves and their clinical correlation – a cadaveric study

Variations of median nerve, musculocutaneous nerve and their communicating branches are of interest for anatomists and surgeons. These variations may be vulnerable to damage in surgical procedures. We examined median nerve and musculocutaneous nerve concurrently in 58 cadavers, i.e. 116 superior extremities, and found median nerve innervating muscle of the anterior compartment of arm in the absence of musculocutaneous nerve in 11.2% superior extremities, splitting of median nerve in the arm into median nerve proper and musculocutaneous nerve in 5.12% superior extremities, and communication between median and musculocutaneous nerves in 20.7% superior extremities. Knowledge of such anatomical variations is helpful for surgeons treating neoplasm or repairing trauma

Anti-Proliferative Role of Recombinant Lethal Toxin of Bacillus Anthracis on Primary Mammary Ductal Carcinoma Cells Revealing Its Therapeutic Potential

Bacillus anthracis secretes three secretary proteins; lethal factor (LF), protective antigen (PA) and edema factor (EF). The LF has ability to check proliferation of mammary tumors, chiefly depending on mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Evaluation of therapeutic potential of recombinant LF (rLF), recombinant PA (rPA) and lethal toxin (rLF + rPA = LeTx) on the primary mammary ductal carcinoma cells revealed significant (p \u3c 0.01) reduction in proliferation of tumor cells with mean inhibition indices of 28.0 ±1.37% and 19.6 ± 1.47% respectively. However, treatment with rPA alone had no significant anti-proliferative effect as evident by low mean inhibition index of 3.4 ± 3.87%. The higher inhibition index observed for rLF alone as compared to LeTx is contrary to the existing knowledge on LF, which explains the requirement of PA dependent endocytosis for its enzymatic activity. Therefore, the plausible existence of PA independent mode of action of LF including direct receptor mediated endocytosis or modulation of signal transduction cascade via unknown means is hypothesized. In silico protein docking analysis of other cellular receptors for any plausibility to play the role of receptor for LF revealed c-Met receptor showing strongest affinity for LF (H bond = 19; Free energy = -773.96), followed by nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)-1. The study summarizes the use of rLF or LeTx as therapeutic molecule against primary mammary ductal carcinoma cells and also the c-Met as potential alternative receptor for LF to mediate and modulate PA independent signal transduction