112 research outputs found
Small fish, big money: conflicts evolving around new fishing techniques and old fishing rights at the shores of Lake Chad, Nigeria
Dumba-fishing was invented at Lake Chad about 10 years ago by immigrant fishermen from Mali and Nigerian Hausaland. The new technique brought about a new era of Lake Chad fishery, characterised by social and institutional changes. Titled Kanuri fishery headmen (Kacalla njibe)2 who traditionally controlled the access to the lake's water were unable to cope with the massive influx of immigrant fishermen. The lack of an institution for effective control lead to serious conflicts between local and immigrant fishermen. With the Fishermen Association Marte Local Government a new institution was invented, in which local and immigrant fishermen, regardless of their ethnicity, should control access to the fishing grounds together. The Fishermen Association was modelled after âmodernâ urban institutions and thus mirrors the transformation of the lake shores from rural backwaters, with local customs and culture to an economic centre, characterised by inmigration, cultural diversity and several other 'urban' traits
Einmal zum Filmfestival nach Ouagadougou : warum afrikanisches Kino Àhnlich, aber doch anders ist
Rezension zu: Marie-HĂ©lĂšne Gutberlet : Auf Reisen. Afrikanisches Kino. Verlag Stroemfeld, Frankfurt und Basel 2004 (Nexus 67), ISBN 3-86109-167-4, 275 Seiten, 28 Euro
CIN2+ detection of the HPV DNA Array genotyping assay in comparison with the Cobas 4800 HPV test and cytology
BACKGROUND:
HPV DNA Array is an E1-targeting PCR genotyping test, with capability of distinguishing 18 high-risk (16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73, 82) and 11 low-risk HPV types (6, 11, 40, 42, 44, 54, 67, 69, 70, 85, 97). HPV DNA Array uses multiplex PCR for E1-gene sequence amplification. The amplicons are detected and genotyped by reverse hybridization to immobilized DNA probes spotted as triplets in single 96 well-plate wells and read by AID ELISPOT reader.
METHODS:
Aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical performance of the assay against internationally accepted and FDA approved Cobas 4800 HPV test (Roche Diagnostics). Study population comprised of 500 cervical samples.
RESULTS:
HPV DNA Array demonstrated a very high sensitivity of 100% for CIN2+ and 100% for CIN3+ detection, same as Cobas 4800. HPV DNA Array showed greater sensitivity for CIN2+ detection than cytology (100% vs. 13.6%). The agreement to Cobas 4800 for HPV detection, irrespective of type, was 81.4% with Îșâ=â0.613. The agreement for HPV 16 was 92.8% (Îșâ=â0.929), and for HPV 18 54.2% (Îșâ=â0.681).
CONCLUSION:
HPV DNA Array demonstrated good clinical performance for detection of high-grade lesions, and may be considered for usage in a screening setting
Anthropology in the twenty-first century : a view of, and from, Germany
The article explores the developments in German-language anthropology in the past decades, focussing on the period after the 1970s. It argues that the recent history of German-language Ethnologie (social and cultural anthropology) is one of catching-up modernization. German-speaking anthropologists are increasingly involved in, and contribute to, broader theoretical debates, publish in English and in international journals, and are actively engaged in international academic networks. The paper discusses how and under what conditions of knowledge production these transformations have taken place. It analyses the changing institutional environment in which German anthropologists have worked and work today, as well as the theoretical impulses from within and outside the discipline that have given rise to the contemporary orientation of German-language anthropology as an anthropology of the 'present'. Finally, and beyond the focus on Germany, the article offers some ideas on the future of anthropology as a symmetrical social science, characterized by a continued strong reliance on field work and a high level of 'worldliness', a basic attitude of systematically shifting perspectives, the critical reflection of the social and political embeddedness of knowledge production, and an engagement with social theory across disciplinary boundaries
Clinical performance of the HPV DNA Array genotyping assay in detection of CIN2+ lesions with BS GP5+/6+Â MPG Luminex tested cervical samples
Human papillomavirus (HPV) detection is used for screening of cervical cancer and genotype-specific persistence has shown to be mandatory for dysplasia development. Aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of HPV DNA Array for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+ (CIN2+) lesion detection. HPV DNA Array is a polymerase chain reaction-based assay that targets E1 sequences of 29 HPV types (6, 11, 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 40, 42, 44, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 73, 82, 85, and 97). The clinical evaluation was performed against the reference assay, BS-GP5+/6+ multiplex genotyping (MPG)-Luminex, with 600 cervical smear samples of a referral population. HPV DNA Array detected CIN2+ lesions with a sensitivity of 90.2%, identical to that of MPG-Luminex. Detection of CIN3+ lesions was with a sensitivity of 90.3%, as compared with 88.7% of MPG-Luminex. It demonstrated very good agreement for HPV detection, irrespective of type, of 91.5% (kappa = 0.832). HPV DNA Array is a simple and robust assay, with a short protocol of 4 hours hands-on time and automated readout by ELISpot AiDot software. It permits testing of up to 96 samples in one run and may be considered for use in organized screening programs and low resource settings
Revisionen des PortrÀts. Jenseits von Mimesis und ReprÀsentation
Noch immer wird das PhĂ€nomen âșPortrĂ€tâč im kunsthistorischen Diskurs zumeist unter Begrifflichkeiten wie IdentitĂ€t, IndividualitĂ€t, ReprĂ€sentation oder Ăhnlichkeit diskutiert. Zeitgenössische amimetische, konzeptuelle und performative PortrĂ€tformen werden mit solchen Konzepten jedoch nicht mehr vollstĂ€ndig eingeholt. Der Band befragt deshalb einerseits kritisch diese traditionellen, mimetischen Begriffe anhand von Fallstudien. Andererseits werden ihnen dynamische und offene Konzepte (teils aus Nachbardisziplinen) wie Spur, BerĂŒhrung, FraktalitĂ€t, Defazialisierung oder DividualitĂ€t an die Seite gestellt, um den kunsthistorischen PortrĂ€t-Begriff in einem fachĂŒbergreifenden Diskurs aufzufĂ€chern, der auch die Digitalisierung umfasst. âșPortrĂ€tâč wird somit explizit als Konstruktion, self-fashioning und konzeptuelle Praxis des Performativen betrachtet
Reinventing âMany Voicesâ: MacBride and a Digital New World Information and Communication Order
The MacBride Commission Report was arguably one of the most significant multilateral interventions in the history of international communication. This article charts its emergence at the time of deeply contested Cold War politics, coinciding with the rise of the southern voices in the global arena, led by the non-aligned nations. Thirty-five years after the report's publication, has the global media evolved into a more democratic system, demonstrating greater diversity of views and viewpoints? Despite the still formidable power of US-led western media, the article suggests that the globalisation and digitisation of communication has contributed to a multi-layered and more complex global media scene, demonstrating the ârise of the restâ
Zur Zukunft der Bereichsethiken â Herausforderungen durch die Ăkonomisierung der Welt
Der vorliegende achte Band der Schriftenreihe des Zentrums fĂŒr Technik- und Wirtschaftsethik am Karlsruher Institut fĂŒr Technologie soll - wie die Schriftenreihe insgesamt - den ĂŒberfachlichen Dialog fördern. Zu einem solchen Dialog gehört auch der Themenkomplex âZur Zukunft der Bereichsethiken - Herausforderungen durch die Ăkonomisierung der Weltâ. Die vielfĂ€ltigen, multidimensionalen Ăkonomisierungsprozesse prĂ€gen und verĂ€ndern zusammen mit Technik und Wissenschaft auf mannigfache Weise und in einem nie gekanntem AusmaĂ unsere Welt. Gesellschaften, das Zusammenleben der Menschen und das Arbeitsleben in der Gegenwart und noch stĂ€rker in der Zukunft erfahren stĂ€ndig sich beschleunigende VerĂ€nderungen. Die im Band versammelten BeitrĂ€ge stellen AnsĂ€tze und Beispiele dar, die Herausforderungen der Ăkonomisierung der Welt mithilfe ethischer Ăberlegungen anzugehen und damit auch einen Beitrag zur Zukunft(sfĂ€higkeit) der Ethik bzw. der Bereichsethiken zu leisten. Der Band enthĂ€lt hierzu sowohl stĂ€rker grundsĂ€tzlich orientierte als auch eher bereichsbezogene AufsĂ€tze. Zu den behandelten Themen gehören u.a.: die Renaissance der Geisteswissenschaften im AnthropozĂ€n-Diskurs, die Ethik der VerĂ€nderung, die Ăkonomisierung als Triebkraft zur Anwendung der Ethik, zur Zukunft der Technik-, Wirtschafts- und Wissenschaftsethik, die Ăkonomisierung der gesellschaftlichen Arbeit, der Sozialen Arbeit, der Medien, der persönlichen Beziehungen, der Wasserversorgung, des Gesundheitswesens sowie des Sports
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