Apprentices’ Errors in Intrapreneurship: Findings from a Large-Scale Assessment

Intrapreneurship competence, as one of the main twenty-first century skills, has moved into focus, as it enables benefits for both organizations and individuals. To foster associated competencies and enable tailor-made instruction, teachers need knowledge not only about what their students can do but also about which errors are typically made within this domain. To identify such knowledge, we analyzed the results from a large-scale assessment (5436 responses). We then classified the errors found according to more overarching error categories and assigned them to the facets of a previously developed and validated intrapreneurship competence model to obtain a deeper understanding of which facets of intrapreneurship are not mastered and what the problems are. Additionally, we refer to more general error types in the domain of creative problem-solving to integrate our findings into the broader discussion. By formulating this error-related information as domain-specific negative knowledge, which refers to “how something is not” or “how something does not work”, respectively, we can use this information constructively when designing instructional means for future tailor-made approaches and individual guidance

„NS-Raubgut aus zweiter Hand“ - Provenienzrecherchen in der Bibliothek des IGdJ

Das Institut für die Geschichte der deutschen Juden in Hamburg führt im Rahmen des Projekts "NS-Raubgut in der Bibliothek des IGdJ" umfangreiche Recherchen in seinen Buchbeständen durch. Die Untersuchung fügt sich in die Reihe von Forschungsvorhaben, die in der Folge der "Washingtoner Konferenz über Vermögenswerte aus der Zeit des Holocaust" (1998) und der ein Jahr später verabschiedeten "Erklärung der Bundesregierung, der Länder und der kommunalen Spitzenverbände zur Auffindung und zur Rückgabe NS-verfolgungsbedingt entzogenen Kulturgutes, insbesondere aus jüdischem Besitz" in diversen deutschen Bibliotheken, Museen, Archiven und anderen kulturellen Einrichtungen durchgeführt werden. Zurzeit befinden sich in der Bibliothek des IGdJ rund 50.000 Bände. Im Grunde ist bei allen Werken, die vor 1945 erschienen sind, eine Provenienz aus NS-Raub- bzw. NS-Beutegutbeständen möglich. Eine systematische Erfassung und Bearbeitung dieses rund 6.000 bis 9.000 Bände umfassenden Bestandes ist bislang nicht erfolgt. Da die Institutsbibliothek als jüdische Sammlung konzipiert und aufgebaut wurde, verstärkt sich diese Vermutung. Weil das Institut erst 1966 gegründet wurde, handelt es sich wahrscheinlich um "NS-Raubgut aus zweiter Hand“. Eine weitere Aufgabenstellung ergibt sich aus der Tatsache, dass in den Anfangsjahren der Bibliothek keine Zugangsjournale geführt wurden. Somit können in vielen Fällen nur die Bücher selbst Hinweise auf ihre Herkunft geben, weshalb als erste Maßnahme die eingehende Buchautopsie anhand des Zettelkatalogs durchgeführt wird. Der systematischen Suche nach NS-verfolgungsbedingt entzogenem Kulturgut folgt die Dokumentation und Bekanntgabe der Ergebnisse mit dem Ziel der Restitution an die Vorbesitzer oder deren Erben. In einem Werkstattbericht werden erste Ergebnisse vorgestellt. The Institute of the History of the German Jews (Institut für die Geschichte der deutschenJuden, IGdJ) is currently conducting a comprehensive research of its library stock within the project “NS-Raubgut in der Bibliothek des IGdJ”. The research is part of a national project of various German libraries, museums, archives, and other cultural institutions. This project is based on the “Washington Principles” from 1998 released in connection with “The Washington Conference on Holocaust Era Assets” that were followed by the “Declaration of Germany’s national government in accordance with German counties’ and local communities’governments to discover and restitute cultural asset, particularly Jewish property” in 1999. At the moment the Institute’s library contains approximately 50.000 books. In principle, all books in this stock which were published prior to 1945 can theoretically be regarded as potential RAUBGUT. Since the Institute’s library stock is based on its collection of books about Jewish history, culture, and Jewish religion, this is even more likely. Most of these books can perhaps be considered as “second hand” RAUBGUT, because the institute was founded only in 1966. No systematic gathering of information about these 6.000 to 9.000 books has been conducted so far. The fact that no access-books from the first years after the foundation of the institute exists exacerbates research. The only hints towards a book’s history can often solely be found in the book itself. Therefore, we are initially investigating the library’s paper-catalogue from these early years. After systematic research on property divested from Jews by the National Socialist regime the discovered items are documented and the results of the investigation are published in order to find former owners or their heirs. A workshop report will soon present the first results of our research.

Chicken Immune Cell Assay to Model Adaptive Immune Responses In Vitro

Knowledge about the modes of action of immunomodulating compounds such as pathogens, drugs, or feed additives, e.g., probiotics, will allow the development of targeted nutrition strategies, prevent infectious diseases and the usage of antimicrobials, and promote the health of animals. To investigate the mechanisms of action of immunomodulating compounds, controlled in vitro systems using freshly isolated immune cells from blood represent a promising alternative to animal experiments. Immune cell isolation from the blood of chickens is a complex and difficult process since the immune cell fractions are significantly contaminated with red blood cells and platelets. To our knowledge, a robust protocol for immune cell isolation from chicken blood and the subsequent cultivation of immune cells is not available. Here, we established a protocol for blood sampling and immune cell isolation and cultivation from chicken blood, which could be applied for the investigation of direct effects of immunomodulating compounds. This protocol, combining different techniques of immune cell isolation, cultivation, and differentiation of distinct immune cell populations, will serve as a potential alternative to animal testing in vivo. By gaining knowledge about the mechanisms of action of immunomodulating compounds, this in vitro model will contribute to promote health and welfare in chicken farming. Abstract Knowledge about the modes of action of immunomodulating compounds such as pathogens, drugs, or feed additives, e.g., probiotics, gained through controlled but animal-related in vitro systems using primary cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) will allow the development of targeted nutrition strategies. Moreover, it could contribute to the prevention of infectious diseases and the usage of antimicrobials, and further promote the health of the animals. However, to our knowledge, a protocol for the isolation of PBMCs with reduced thrombocyte count from chicken blood and subsequent cell culture over several days to assess the effects of immunomodulating compounds is not available. Therefore, we established an optimized protocol for blood sampling and immune cell isolation, culture, and phenotyping for chicken PBMCs. For blood sampling commercial Na–citrate tubes revealed the highest count of vital cells compared to commercial Li–heparin (p < 0.01) and K3EDTA (p < 0.05) tubes. Using combined dextran and ficoll density gradient separation, the thrombocyte count was significantly reduced (p < 0.01) compared to slow-speed centrifugation with subsequent ficoll. For cell culture, the supplementation of RPMI-1640 medium with 10% chicken serum resulted in the lowest relative cell count of thrombocytes compared to fetal calf serum (FCS) (p < 0.05). To validate the ability of the cell culture system to respond to stimuli, concanavalin A (conA) was used as a positive control. The optimized protocol allows the isolation and cultivation of vital PBMCs with reduced thrombocyte count from chicken blood for subsequent investigation of the modes of action of immunomodulating compounds.Peer Reviewe

Nonlinear effects of SiO2 layers in bulk acoustic wave resonators

©2017 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.This paper presents the development of a comprehensive distributed circuit model to account for the existing nonlinear effects in bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonators. The comprehensiveness of the model and its distributed implementation allow for the inclusion of the nonlinear effects occurring in any layer of the BAW configuration, not only the piezoelectric layer. The model has been applied to evaluate the nonlinear contribution of the piezoelectric layer and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) layer in the Bragg reflector. The nonlinear manifestations are a function of the frequency of the driving fundamental tones. Accurate measurements of state-of-the-art resonators validate the model proposed and confirm the contribution of the SiO₂ layer in the overall nonlinear performance.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Feeding of the probiotic bacterium Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 differentially affects shedding of enteric viruses in pigs

Effects of probiotic bacteria on viral infections have been described previously. Here, two groups of sows and their piglets were fed with or without feed supplementation of the probiotic bacterium Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415. Shedding of enteric viruses naturally occurring in these pigs was analyzed by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. No differences between the groups were recorded for hepatitis E virus, encephalomyocarditis virus and norovirus. In contrast, astrovirus was exclusively detected in the non-supplemented control group. Rotavirus was shedded later and with lower amounts in the probiotic piglet group (p < 0.05); rotavirus-shedding piglets gained less weight than non-infected animals (p < 0.05). Serum titres of anti-rotavirus IgA and IgG antibodies were higher in piglets from the control group, whereas no difference was detected between sow groups. Phenotype analysis of immune cell antigens revealed significant differences of the CD4 and CD8β (p < 0.05) as well as CD8α and CD25 (p < 0.1) T cell populations of the probiotic supplemented group compared to the non-supplemented control group. In addition, differences were evident for CD21/MHCII-positive (p < 0.05) and IgM- positive (p < 0.1) B cell populations. The results indicate that probiotic bacteria could have effects on virus shedding in naturally infected pigs, which depend on the virus type. These effects seem to be caused by immunological changes; however, the distinct mechanism of action remains to be elucidated

Trauma-Associated Tinnitus: Audiological, Demographic and Clinical Characteristics

Background: Tinnitus can result from different etiologies. Frequently, patients report the development of tinnitus after traumatic injuries. However, to which extent this specific etiologic factor plays a role for the phenomenology of tinnitus is still incompletely understood. Additionally, it remains a matter of debate whether the etiology of tinnitus constitutes a relevant criterion for defining tinnitus subtypes. Objective: By investigating a worldwide sample of tinnitus patients derived from the Tinnitus Research Initiative (TRI) Database, we aimed to identify differences in demographic, clinical and audiological characteristics between tinnitus patients with and without preceding trauma. Materials: A total of 1,604 patients were investigated. Assessment included demographic data, tinnitus related clinical data, audiological data, the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, the Tinnitus Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, various numeric tinnitus rating scales, and the World Health Organisation Quality of Life Scale (WHOQoL). Results: Our data clearly indicate differences between tinnitus patients with and without trauma at tinnitus onset. Patients suffering from trauma-associated tinnitus suffer from a higher mental burden than tinnitus patients presenting with phantom perceptions based on other or unknown etiologic factors. This is especially the case for patients with whiplash and head trauma. Patients with posttraumatic noise-related tinnitus experience more frequently hyperacousis, were younger, had longer tinnitus duration, and were more frequently of male gender. Conclusions: Trauma before tinnitus onset seems to represent a relevant criterion for subtypization of tinnitus. Patients with posttraumatic tinnitus may require specific diagnostic and therapeutic management. A more systematic and - at best - standardized assessment for hearing related sequelae of trauma is needed for a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and for developing more tailored treatment approaches as well.Fil: Kreuzer, Peter M.. Universitat Regensburg; AlemaniaFil: Landgrebe, Michael. Universitat Regensburg; AlemaniaFil: Schecklmann, Martin. Universitat Regensburg; AlemaniaFil: Staudinger, Susanne. Universitat Regensburg; AlemaniaFil: Langguth, Berthold. Universitat Regensburg; AlemaniaFil: Vielsmeier, Veronika. The TRI Database Study Group; AlemaniaFil: Kleinjung, Tobias. The TRI Database Study Group; AlemaniaFil: Lehner, Astrid. The TRI Database Study Group; AlemaniaFil: Poeppl, Timm B.. The TRI Database Study Group; AlemaniaFil: Figueiredo, Ricardo. The TRI Database Study Group; AlemaniaFil: Azevedo, Andréia. The TRI Database Study Group; AlemaniaFil: Binetti, Ana Carolina. The TRI Database Study Group; AlemaniaFil: Elgoyhen, Ana Belen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; Argentina. The TRI Database Study Group; AlemaniaFil: Rates, Marcelo. The TRI Database Study Group; AlemaniaFil: Coelho, Claudia. The TRI Database Study Group; AlemaniaFil: Vanneste, Sven. The TRI Database Study Group; AlemaniaFil: de Ridder, Dirk. The TRI Database Study Group; AlemaniaFil: van de Heyning, Paul. The TRI Database Study Group; AlemaniaFil: Zeman, Florian. The TRI Database Study Group; AlemaniaFil: Mohr, Markus. The TRI Database Study Group; AlemaniaFil: Koller, Michael. The TRI Database Study Group; Alemani

In vitro bioactivity of various pure flavonoids in ruminal fermentation, with special reference to methane formation

Polyphenols, like flavonoids, have been investigated when present in intact plants or in extracts as methane mitigating dietary supplements in ruminants. The aim of the present study was to examine pure compounds in a short-term in vitro experiment using the Hohenheim Gas Test method. We focused on the group of the flavonoids and tested which of them had the potential to mitigate methane without negatively affecting ruminal fermentation. Eight flavonoids were tested: epicatechin, luteolin-7-glucoside, quercetin, and isoquercetin in Experiment 1; catechin, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, and epigallocatechin gallate in Experiment 2. Tannic acid, no flavonoid but a phenolic acid with known methane mitigating properties, served as positive control, and the unsupplemented basal diet as negative control. In both experiments, each of these compounds (including tannic acid) was tested at dosages of 0.5, 5.0, and 50.0 mg/g basal diet dry matter (DM) in four runs each. Gallocatechin, tannic acid, and epigallocatechin gallate (50 mg/g DM) lowered fermentation gas formation and in vitro organic matter digestibility relative to the negative control (Experiment 2). Apart from tannic acid, epicatechin, quercetin, isoquercetin, and luteolin-7-glucoside (5 and 50 mg/g DM) reduced the amount of CH4 produced in relation to total gas produced (Experiment 1). The incubation fluid ammonia concentration was decreased with luteolin-7-glucoside and tannic acid (50 mg/g DM). From the flavonoids tested especially luteolin-7-glucoside seems to have a similar potential as tannic acid to mitigate methane and ammonia formation during ruminal fermentation in vitro, both favourable in environmental respect. These results need to be confirmed in live animals

Handreichung für Ausbilderinnen und Ausbilder im Einzelhandel

Die Handreichung enthält didaktisch-methodische Instrumente für die Vermittlung des Themas "Nachhaltigkeit" in der Ausbildung. Ausbilderinnen und Ausbilder im Einzelhandel lernen, wie sie Felder für nachhaltiges Handeln im Ausbildungsberuf sowie im eigenen Betrieb erkennen und in entsprechende betriebliche Lernziele umwandeln. Jedes Kapitel der Handreichung endet mit einer Zusammenfassung von Lernaktivitäten und Kontrollfragen, ob das Lernziel erreicht wurde. Eine zusätzliche Lern-App unterstützt die Vermittlung der Inhalte

Trauma-Associated Tinnitus: Audiological, Demographic and Clinical Characteristics

Background Tinnitus can result from different etiologies. Frequently, patients report the development of tinnitus after traumatic injuries. However, to which extent this specific etiologic factor plays a role for the phenomenology of tinnitus is still incompletely understood. Additionally, it remains a matter of debate whether the etiology of tinnitus constitutes a relevant criterion for defining tinnitus subtypes. Objective By investigating a worldwide sample of tinnitus patients derived from the Tinnitus Research Initiative (TRI) Database, we aimed to identify differences in demographic, clinical and audiological characteristics between tinnitus patients with and without preceding trauma. Materials A total of 1,604 patients were investigated. Assessment included demographic data, tinnitus related clinical data, audiological data, the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, the Tinnitus Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, various numeric tinnitus rating scales, and the World Health Organisation Quality of Life Scale (WHOQoL). Results Our data clearly indicate differences between tinnitus patients with and without trauma at tinnitus onset. Patients suffering from trauma-associated tinnitus suffer from a higher mental burden than tinnitus patients presenting with phantom perceptions based on other or unknown etiologic factors. This is especially the case for patients with whiplash and head trauma. Patients with posttraumatic noise-related tinnitus experience more frequently hyperacousis, were younger, had longer tinnitus duration, and were more frequently of male gender. Conclusions Trauma before tinnitus onset seems to represent a relevant criterion for subtypization of tinnitus. Patients with posttraumatic tinnitus may require specific diagnostic and therapeutic management. A more systematic and – at best - standardized assessment for hearing related sequelae of trauma is needed for a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and for developing more tailored treatment approaches as well