Application of Artificial Neural Networks to Chemical and Process Engineering

The accelerated use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in Chemical and Process Engineering has drawn the attention of scientific and industrial communities, mainly due to the Big Data boom related to the analysis and interpretation of large data volumes required by Industry 4.0. ANNs are well-known nonlinear regression algorithms in the Machine Learning field for classification and prediction and are based on the human brain behavior, which learns tasks from experience through interconnected neurons. This empirical method can widely replace traditional complex phenomenological models based on nonlinear conservation equations, leading to a smaller computational effort – a very peculiar feature for its use in process optimization and control. Thereby, this chapter aims to exhibit several ANN modeling applications to different Chemical and Process Engineering areas, such as thermodynamics, kinetics and catalysis, process analysis and optimization, process safety and control, among others. This review study shows the increasing use of ANNs in the area, helping to understand and to explore process data aspects for future research

Giant Cell tumor of the Zygomatic Arch in a Pediatric Patient: Rare Case Report

Introduction: A giant cell tumor (GCT) is a rare tumor, usually benign, which can be locally aggressive, with an almost unknown incidence in the skull. Case report: Case report of a pediatric patient diagnosed with Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) and later GCT when sought medical care for an increased volume in the zygomatic arch and the right preauricular region. Imaging exams showed an expansive lesion in the zygomatic and squamous portion of the right temporal bone, with an extradural intracranial component in the middle fossa, with no evidence of infiltration. From the anatomopathological view, fusocelullar neoplasia was seen. The CD68 marker was positive and the S100 marker was negative. Tumor resection by microsurgery was performed. The patient remains in follow-up, with imaging exams at neurosurgery and orthopedics, the latest magnetic resonances of the skull showing a reduction in the size of the lesion. In addition, the patient did not submit to adjuvant therapy and is currently without complaints. Conclusion: This is an important case due to its rarity and clinical data that contributes for the understanding of the pathologies presented, allowing that, in the future, new studies are able to optimize the treatment, and the prognosis for these patients