Влияние габапентина и этанола на электрическую активность нейронов коры головного мозга крыс Wistar

Resume. Background. Today the search for drugs for alcoholism treatment is concentrated around substances with anticonvulsant action, which not only stop convulsive syndrome, but also contribute to the extension of the remission period during alcohol withdrawal. Despite the successful experience in the alcoholism treatment with structural analog GABA gabapentin, there is no convincing evidence of gabapentin interaction with GABA-ergic system in the brain, moreover, most results were obtained in vitro. The aim of the present work was to study mechanism of gabapentin action on CNS and its interaction with ethanol using electrophysiological methods in vivo. Methods. The effect of gabapentin on electrical activity of neurons in the frontal cortex of rats was studied with the microelectrode technique in adult male Wistar rats. Results. Gabapentin after systemic administration, 25-100 mg/kg, i.p., dose-dependent reduced the frequency of action potentials (AP) of neurons, without changing amplitude and shape of AP of neurons. When assessing changes in the frequency of extracellular exhaust AP at microiontophoretically summing gabapentin it is established that the drug reduced the frequency of АP in 15 of 23 neurons (p < 0.05), and increased GABA-induced inhibition of pulsed electrical activity of neurons in the frontal cortex. Gabapentin didn’t affect the magnitude of exiting responses on ethanol supplied to neurons, however, increased (p < 0.05) inhibitory responses caused by ethanol in all 45 of the cells studied. Conclusion. The obtained data suggest that gabapentin has an allosteric effect on postsynaptic GABA receptors and increases ethanol-induced inhibition of neurons of the frontal cortex.Актуальность. Поиск средств для лечения алкоголизма сегодня сосредоточен вокруг веществ с противосудорожным действием, которые не только купируют судорожный синдром, но также способствуют продлению периода ремиссии при отмене алкоголя. Несмотря на успешный опыт применения при терапии алкоголизма структурного аналога тормозного медиатора ГАМК габапентина, отсутствуют убедительные доказательства взаимодействия препарата с ГАМК-ергической системой мозга, и большинство результатов получены в опытах in vitro. Цель. Изучение механизма центрального действия габапентина и его взаимодействия с этанолом с помощью электрофизиологических методов в опытах in vivo. Методы. С помощью микроэлектродной техники исследовано влияние габапентина на электрическую активность нейронов фронтальной коры мозга крыс-самцов линии Wistar. Результаты. Габапентин при системном введении в дозах 25-100 мг/кг, в/б, дозозависимо уменьшал частоту потенциалов действия (ПД) нейронов, не изменяя амплитуды и формы ПД нейронов. При микроионофоретическом подведении препарат уменьшал частоту ПД у 15 из 23 нейронов (р &lt; 0,05), а также увеличивал ГАМК-индуцированное торможение импульсной электрической активности нейронов фронтальной коры. При одновременном электрофоретическом подведении к мембране нейронов габапентина и этанола показано отсутствие влияния препарата на величину ответов возбуждающего типа на этанол, однако ответы тормозящего типа, вызываемые этанолом, увеличивались (р &lt; 0,05) у всех 45 исследованных клеток. Заключение. Полученные данные позволяют предположить, что габапентин оказывает аллостерическое влияние на постсинаптические ГАМК-рецепторы и увеличивает индуцированное этанолом торможение нейронов фронтальной коры головного мозга

Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel&apos;nosti imeni I

There is a strongly held opinion that one of the most important functions of sleep is its involvement in the formation of memories The standard test for studies of learning and memory processes in animals is the Morris water test Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Consolidation of Spatial Memory in Rats after 1032 Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel&apos;nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 61, No. 3, pp. 322-331, May-June, 2011. Original article submitted December 24, 2009. Accepted October 18, 2010. The effects of sleep deprivation produced using a carousel method on the consolidation of spatial memory were studied in rats (male Wistar rats) after one-day training using the Frick et al. protocol (2000) in a Morris water maze. Data were obtained providing evidence that the memory trace after rapid 3-h training was retained for one day. Sleep deprivation for 24 h after training prevented reinforcement (consolidation) of spatial memory. The results led to the conclusion that a model based on one-day training can be used to study the neurophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms of the effects of sleep deprivation on consolidation of spatial memory

Integration of species and ecosystem monitoring for selecting priority areas for biodiversity conservation: Case studies from the Palearctic of Russia

At the start of the third millennium, new opportunities have arisen in biogeographical research, namely in the generalisation, visualisation and cross-spectrum analysis of biological and geographical information and in the compilation of biogeographical maps and innovative models for regions that differ in the availability of distribution data. These tasks include long-term monitoring of plants and animals which are in danger of extinction, geographical analysis of biodiversity distribution and development of effective wildlife conservation strategies for specific regions. The studies of the Department of Biogeography of Moscow University on geography and biodiversity conservation are based on long-term field expeditions. The examples of the Asian Subarctic Mountains, the steppes of Central Kazakhstan and the urbanised north-west of Russia are used to illustrate Russian approaches to the use of biogeographical monitoring for the identification of priority areas for biodiversity conservation. The species populations of the higher plants and vertebrates listed in the Red Books have been considered as the basic units of biodiversity