4 research outputs found
Update on current views and advances on RSV infection (Review).
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection represents an excellent paradigm of precision medicine in modern paediatrics and several clinical trials are currently performed in the prevention and management of RSV infection. A new taxonomic terminology for RSV was recently adopted, while the diagnostic and omics techniques have revealed new modalities in the early identification of RSV infections and for better understanding of the disease pathogenesis. Coordinated clinical and research efforts constitute an important step in limiting RSV global predominance, improving epidemiological surveillance, and advancing neonatal and paediatric care. This review article presents the key messages of the plenary lectures, oral presentations and posters of the '5th workshop on paediatric virology' (Sparta, Greece, 12th October 2019) organized by the Paediatric Virology Study Group, focusing on recent advances in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, clinical management and prevention of RSV infection in childhood
Low penetrance of antibiotics in the epithelial lining fluid. The role of inhaled antibiotics in patients with bronchiectasis.
Plasma drug concentrations, spectrum of antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) had been widely considered as markers of the efficacy of antibiotics. Nonetheless, in several cases, antibiotics characterized by all these features were ineffective for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. A typical paradigm represented the case of patients with bronchiectasis who do not always benefit from antibiotics and thus experiencing increased sputum production, worse quality of life, more rapid forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) decline, more frequent exacerbations and increased mortality rates, especially those with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) chronic infection. Subsequently, penetrance of antibiotics in the epithelial lining fluid has gradually emerged as another key factor for the outcome of antibiotic treatment. Given that a plethora of antibiotics presented with poor or intermediate penetrance in the epithelial lining fluid, inhaled antibiotics targeting directly the site of infection emerged as a new option for patients with respiratory disorders including patients with bronchiectasis. This review article intends to summarize the current state of knowledge for the penetrance of antibiotics in the epithelial lining fluid and present results from clinical trials of inhaled antibiotics in patients with bronchiectasis of etiology other than cystic fibrosis
Low penetrance of antibiotics in the epithelial lining fluid. The role of inhaled antibiotics in patients with bronchiectasis
Plasma drug concentrations, spectrum of antibacterial activity and
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) had been widely considered as
markers of the efficacy of antibiotics. Nonetheless, in several cases,
antibiotics characterized by all these features were ineffective for the
treatment of respiratory tract infections. A typical paradigm
represented the case of patients with bronchiectasis who do not always
benefit from antibiotics and thus experiencing increased sputum
production, worse quality of life, more rapid forced expiratory volume
in the first second (FEV1) decline, more frequent exacerbations and
increased mortality rates, especially those with Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(P. aeruginosa) chronic infection. Subsequently, penetrance of
antibiotics in the epithelial lining fluid has gradually emerged as
another key factor for the outcome of antibiotic treatment. Given that a
plethora of antibiotics presented with poor or intermediate penetrance
in the epithelial lining fluid, inhaled antibiotics targeting directly
the site of infection emerged as a new option for patients with
respiratory disorders including patients with bronchiectasis. This
review article intends to summarize the current state of knowledge for
the penetrance of antibiotics in the epithelial lining fluid and present
results from clinical trials of inhaled antibiotics in patients with
bronchiectasis of etiology other than cystic fibrosis
Update on current views and advances on RSV infection (Review)
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection represents an excellent
paradigm of precision medicine in modern paediatrics and several
clinical trials are currently performed in the prevention and management
of RSV infection. A new taxonomic terminology for RSV was recently
adopted, while the diagnostic and omics techniques have revealed new
modalities in the early identification of RSV infections and for better
understanding of the disease pathogenesis. Coordinated clinical and
research efforts constitute an important step in limiting RSV global
predominance, improving epidemiological surveillance, and advancing
neonatal and paediatric care. This review article presents the key
messages of the plenary lectures, oral presentations and posters of the
`5th workshop on paediatric virology' (Sparta, Greece, 12th October
2019) organized by the Paediatric Virology Study Group, focusing on
recent advances in the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis,
clinical management and prevention of RSV infection in childhood