Sociological Thoughts in Pathupaatu

Even after two thousand years, the lifestyle of the ancient Tamil people and social organization are being talked worldwide and it is because of the ancient Tamil literary texts. Literature is all about creating best ideas of society through words. So Tamil literature is an ark that records culture, tradition, about the social organization of Tamil people, the living conditions, nature, gift, virtue, valor, war, and the tradition of learning. Among them, the Sangam literary book Pathupaatu occupies a prominent place. The purpose of this study is to describe the social thoughts of the ancient Tamils through Pathupaatu. Religious status of Sangam Tamil people, poverty of poets, society based on wealth, professional society, virtues based on life, generosity and excellence in hospitality and character are well explained Pathupaatu

Fixing critical limits of boron in rice soils of Karaikal region, Puducherry union territory, India

Boron is relatively immobile in plants and its deficiency can cause serious yield reduction in rice by retarding panicle formation. Karaiakal region of Puduchuerry union terittory includes different soils with varying fertility status thus supplying boron at optimum level is a must concern to enhance the rice productivity.A pot experiment was conducted to fix critical limits of boron in soils and rice of this Karaikal region. Forty surface soil samples (0-15 cm) were collected from Inceptisol, Entisol and Vertisol soil orders of different locations in Karaikal region. The experiment was conducted with three levels of boron viz., 0, 1 and 2 ppm applied through borax in a factorial completely randomized design with three replications. The available B content of soil was estimated with five extractants. The critical limits of hot water, hot 0.01 M CaCl2, 0.05 M HCl, 1.0 M NH4OAc, 0.01M CaCl2+ 0.05 M Mannitol extractable B were found to be 0.50, 0.58, 0.46, 0.45 and 0.39 ppm in Inceptisol, 0.48, 0.59, 0.44, 0.39 and 0.48 ppm in Entisol and 0.45, 0.54, 0.45, 0.44 and 0.41ppm in Vertisol and a critical limit of 31.0, 39.0 and 34.0 ppm B in rice plant for Inceptisol(0.5ppm), Entisol(0.48 ppm) and Vertisol(0.45 ppm) as determined by Cate and Nelson’s graphical procedure. Among the extractants the hot water extractant showed the highest significant and positive correlation with Bray’s percent yield(0.48,0.47and 0.48), plant B content(0.041*, 0.019* and 0.271*) and B uptake(0.012*, 0.646* and 0.293*), respectively in Inceptisol, Entisol and Vertisol. From this study, the indicating knowledge of critical limit of boron will help to avoid yield loss of rice in the study region

Varying Vector Pulse Width Modulation for Three Phase Inverter

This paper mainly deals with designing a control scheme to eliminate the OFF STATE (T0 state) present in a Space Vector Pulse-Width Modulation; this has been achieved by redesigning the equations for calculating the reference vector of modulating signal (Vref). In widely used Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Vmax of carrier signal is greater than Vref of modulating signal (except when Vref = Vmax). Thus during this state the drive goes into the OFF STATE (T0 state). T0 States are similar mirror image states; hence they have no good or bad effect on the system. But there is an amount of switching loss occurring when the switch executes the T0 state. The new equations for reference vector resulted in reducing the switching losses to half the actual value. Also it has various other advantages like. Increase in DC-Link utilization from 15.47 to 21.14 at 2 KHz carrier frequency and Reduction in THD of the system compared to widely used SVPWM

Quality of life in total knee replacement (TKR) patients – A review

Worldwide, severe pain and disability are caused to patients by Osteoarthritis, which is a common condition of the joints. A need for knee replacement had become a great option for patients when conventional treatment fails in granting appropriate relief in them, especially in elderly patients. Like all joint replacement surgeries, a total knee replacement procedure is also a quite painful and risky procedure that requires sufficient postoperative rehabilitation and therapies to prevent further complications. Post-surgical pain had a great influence on the patients' quality of life and a need to measure pain intensity had become a basic requirement. Measuring pain intensity can be done using traditional pain scales like a visual analogue scale (VAS), and a numerical rating scale (NRS). A risk assessment and predictor tool (RAPT) determines the discharge accuracy in patients. The WOMAC scale which is the abbreviated form of the questionnaire for checking the health status of the patients known as the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index.  This questionnaire is used to assess the quality of life of the osteoarthritis patients after a surgery for the total knee replacement. The results of the assessment show that pain had become a significant factor in the reduction in quality of life. In conclusion, a well-designed multimodal analgesic regimen should be incorporated into the patient's rehabilitation care, which in turn will intensify the patient's quality of life, lessen the hospital stay, and minimize the socio-economic burde

Dent-O-Myths Amid Young Community: A Cross-Sectional Study

INTRODUCTION: The word ‘Myth’ is derived from the Greek word “Mythos”, meaning the stories passed by a group of certain population having a strong impact on seeking general and dental treatment even during illness. AIM: The aim of this study was to access the prevalence of dental myths among the young population and to interpret their level of knowledge, awareness and perception. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted amongst 500 young population of age between 18-28 years between May to August 2020, COVID-19 pandemic period. A pretested validated questionnaire was formatted on Google forms and circulated in various social media platforms. The collected data was subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of the study population was 22.66±2.38 years, and 59% were females and 41% were males. About 65% (325) and 56% (280) of the study subjects believed correctly that mouthwash alone will not maintain oral health and chewing gum will not clean their teeth, respectively. When asked about their responses in case of pain in oral cavity, most people 46% (230) reported they would visit a dentist and major segment of study subjects 56% (281) believed that there can be more methods for treating oral pain other than the extraction of the tooth itself.CONCLUSION: The result of this study revealed that the younger population are more aware and didn’t believe much regarding various dental myths

X-ray Structures and Computational Studies of Two Bioactive 2-(Adamantane-1-carbonyl)-N-substituted Hydrazine-1-carbothioamides

Two biologically active adamantane-linked hydrazine-1-carbothioamide derivatives, namely 2-(adamantane-1-carbonyl)-N-(tert-butyl)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide) 1 and 2-(adamantane-1-carbonyl)-N-cyclohexylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide 2, have been synthesized. X-ray analysis was conducted to study the effect of the t-butyl and cyclohexyl moieties on the intermolecular interactions and conformation of the molecules in the solid state. X-ray analysis reveals that compound 1 exhibits folded conformation, whereas compound 2 adopts extended conformation. The Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the contributions of the major intercontacts involved in the stabilization of the crystal structures do not change much as a result of the t-butyl and cyclohexyl moieties. However, the presence and absence of these contacts is revealed by the 2D-fingerprint plots. The CLP–Pixel method was used to identify the energetically significant molecular dimers. These dimers are stabilized by different types of intermolecular interactions such as N–H···S, N–H···O, C–H···S, C–H···O, H–H bonding and C–H···π interactions. The strength of these interactions was quantified by using the QTAIM approach. The results suggest that N–H···O interaction is found to be stronger among other interactions. The in vitro assay suggests that both compounds 1 and 2 exhibit urease inhibition potential, and these compounds also display moderate antiproliferative activities. Molecular docking analysis shows the key interaction between urease enzyme and title compounds. Keywords: adamantane; hydrazine-1-carbothioamide; Hirshfeld surface; CLP–Pixel; QTAIM; molecular docking; urease inhibition; antiproliferative agents; H-H bondin

International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering An Optimal Group Based Routing Using Social Behavior

ABSTRACT: DTN (Delay Tolerant Networks) are defined by the continuous endless connection due to node mobility, limited storage and constrained power resources. Several routing protocols assumed the subsistence continuous connection. This type of attitude of those protocols created a data packet failure problem. In order to overcome the above issue along with the frequent disconnections, DTN stored the data packets for long time and transmits the data packets to their neighbor node. This paper deals with the two main objectives which are maximizing the delivery ratio and reducing the storage and energy consumption. This paper proposes the scheme ESGBR [Enhanced social group behavior based routing] with a Meta heuristic method with ORACO [optimal routing based on ant colony optimization] protocol. Simulation results show that the optimal routing ORACO can not only have a higher delivery ratio and lower delay, but also have a lower data forwarding cost, in terms of the number of relays used. The ESGBR, that utilizes the social relations between nodes to reduce redundant copying of packets and Tabu search helps to identify the optimal path for every data. This also compared the ESGBR with the existing SGBR technique with various QOS parameters. The earned Results shows that the proposed scheme attained higher delivery ratio and less delay compared to other schemes KEYWORDS: Delay Tolerant Networks, DTN Protocol, Optimal Routing, Social Grouping I.INTRODUCTION DTN represents a unique wireless network architecture enabling mobile nodes to have communications with each node in environment where there is no continual route between end nodes. DTN are alternative structures to traditional networks facilitating connectivity of system and network regions with sporadic or unstable communication links. In networks with such circumstance mobile relay node are used to carry and forwarding message and make communication possible among other nodes. Depending on DTN type communication opportunities could be either scheduled over time or completely random. In ESGBR the Meta heuristic model for optimal routing considers Meta information of the global observer using ORACO protocol, which selectively spreads the data copy to the selected nodes in the network. The routing ORACO can yield a higher delivery ratio and lower delay and also have a lower data forwarding cost, which means of the number of relays used in the data forwarding. The ESGBR, that utilizes the social relations between nodes to reduce redundant copying of packets and Tabu search helps to identify the optimal path for every data. The objective of the proposed work is to develop a routing protocol that spreads the packets in an optimal path, this also reduces the copies of redundant data packets to reduce network overhead, and the system also aims to collect all reliable information about the node and the network for optimal node selection. Finally the system also aims to provide the better performance with most satisfied QOS results. To achieve that goal the system exploits the enhanced social grouping characteristic of DTN nodes using ant colony optimization. To effectively find nodes, which belongs to the same social group. If the nodes are contact each other frequently compared to their contacts with other nodes

Optimal allocation of solar based distributed generators in distribution system using Bat algorithm

With increased demand of electrical energy, limited availability of fossil fuels and environmental concerns, it is necessary to consider renewable energy based generation in a power system network. Optimal allocation of renewable based distributed generators in the distribution system is a challenging task in the recent years. In this paper an effective technique is proposed for optimal allocation of solar based distributed generators in the distribution network using a Bat algorithm (BA) is presented. The objective is to minimize power loss of radial distribution system. Different operating constraints related to the distribution network are considered. The stochastic nature of solar irradiance is modeled by using suitable probability distribution function (PDF). The proposed method is tested and validated on IEEE 33 bus test system

A novel minimum cost maximum power algorithm for future smart home energy management

With the latest development of smart grid technology, the energy management system can be efficiently implemented at consumer premises. In this paper, an energy management system with wireless communication and smart meter are designed for scheduling the electric home appliances efficiently with an aim of reducing the cost and peak demand. For an efficient scheduling scheme, the appliances are classified into two types: uninterruptible and interruptible appliances. The problem formulation was constructed based on the practical constraints that make the proposed algorithm cope up with the real-time situation. The formulated problem was identified as Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem, so this problem was solved by a step-wise approach. This paper proposes a novel Minimum Cost Maximum Power (MCMP) algorithm to solve the formulated problem. The proposed algorithm was simulated with input data available in the existing method. For validating the proposed MCMP algorithm, results were compared with the existing method. The compared results prove that the proposed algorithm efficiently reduces the consumer electricity consumption cost and peak demand to optimum level with 100% task completion without sacrificing the consumer comfort

Varying Vector Pulse Width Modulation for Three Phase Inverter

This paper mainly deals with designing a control scheme to eliminate the OFF STATE (T0 state) present in a Space Vector Pulse-Width Modulation; this has been achieved by redesigning the equations for calculating the reference vector of modulating signal (Vref). In widely used Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation Vmax of carrier signal is greater than Vref of modulating signal (except when Vref = Vmax). Thus during this state the drive goes into the OFF STATE (T0 state). T0 States are similar mirror image states; hence they have no good or bad effect on the system. But there is an amount of switching loss occurring when the switch executes the T0 state. The new equations for reference vector resulted in reducing the switching losses to half the actual value. Also it has various other advantages like. Increase in DC-Link utilization from 15.47 to 21.14 at 2 KHz carrier frequency and Reduction in THD of the system compared to widely used SVPWM