Saturation effect for dependence of the electrical conductivity of planar oriented nematic liquid crystal 6CB on the concentration of Cu7PS6 nanoparticles

The influence of Cu7PS6 nanoparticles with the average size 117 nm on the dielectric properties of planar oriented nematic liquid crystal 6CB has been investigated within the frequency range 10(1) ...10(6) Hz and at the temperature 293 K. It has been shown that when changing the concentration of nanoparticles within the range 0 to 1 wt.%, the conductivity of the liquid crystal changes stronger than its dielectric permittivity. It has been shown that the electrical conductivity increases monotonously with increasing the concentration of nanoparticles. However, for this dependence a saturation effect is observed. The mechanism of this effect was proposed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

QED Electrical Conductivity using the 2PI Effective Action

In this article we calculate the electrical conductivity in QED using the 2PI effective action. We use a modified version of the usual 2PI effective action which is defined with respect to self-consistent solutions of the 2-point functions. We show that the green functions obtained from this modified effective action satisfy ward identities and that the conductivity obtained from the kubo relation is gauge invariant. We work to 3-loop order in the modified 2PI effective action and show explicitly that the resulting expression for the conductivity contains the square of the amplitude that corresponds to all binary collision and production processes.Comment: 24 pages, 21 figure

ВЗАЄМОЗВ’ЯЗКИ ОСТЕОКАЛЬЦИНУ З ГОРМОНАЛЬНО-МЕТАБОЛІЧНИМИ ПОРУШЕННЯМИ ЧОЛОВІКІВ З ЦУКРОВИМ ДІАБЕТОМ 2 ТИПУ З РІЗНИМ СТУПЕНЕМ ОЖИРІННЯ (огляд літератури і власні дослідження)

The bone hormone osteocalcin is formed by osteoblasts and is partially released into the bloodstream during bone resorption, being a biomarker of bone remodeling. Osteocalcin also plays an important role in the endocrine regulation of metabolic and energy processes in the body and in their coordination. Osteocalcin uses a feedback mechanism to regulate insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues, and adipokine levels. In general, the secretion of osteocalcin and insulin are important factors in the formation of hormonal-metabolic phenotype, body composition, determination of regional distribution and metabolic activity of both bone and adipose tissue.The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between osteocalcin concentration and hormonal changes in men with type 2 diabetes with and without obesity on the background of involutive changes. Results. 64 men with type 2 diabetes, older than 50 years, were divided into 2 groups by BMI: 1) non-obese, BMI <30 kg / m2 (n = 31); 2) -obese, BMI ≥ 30 kg / m2 (n = 33). Lower levels of insulin secretion (lower serum C-peptide and insulin levels) were observed in non-obese patients in the absence of a compensatory increase in proinsulin levels. It can be assumed that the increase in the concentration of osteocalcin in group 1 is compensatory, although it does not have a significant effect on blood glucose levels. However, it may have a protective effect on the severity of insulin resistance syndrome and related metabolic disorders. Lower levels of osteocalcin in the obese group were associated with a higher degree of insulin resistance and insulin secretion. There was no significant difference between the two groups in serum proinsulin levels, as well as in androgen supply, which was assessed by the levels of total testosterone, testosteronestradiol-binding globulin, and free testosterone index. Conclusion. Lower levels of osteocalcin may be a marker of an increased risk of adverse metabolic changes in obese patients with type 2 diabetes, followed by complications compared to non-overweight patientsThe bone hormone osteocalcin is formed by osteoblasts and is partially released into the bloodstream during bone resorption, being a biomarker of bone remodeling. Osteocalcin also plays an important role in the endocrine regulation of metabolic and energy processes in the body and in their coordination. Osteocalcin uses a feedback mechanism to regulate insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues, and adipokine levels. In general, the secretion of osteocalcin and insulin are important factors in the formation of hormonal-metabolic phenotype, body composition, determination of regional distribution and metabolic activity of both bone and adipose tissue.The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between osteocalcin concentration and hormonal changes in men with type 2 diabetes with and without obesity on the background of involutive changes. Results. 64 men with type 2 diabetes, older than 50 years, were divided into 2 groups by BMI: 1) non-obese, BMI <30 kg / m2 (n = 31); 2) -obese, BMI ≥ 30 kg / m2 (n = 33). Lower levels of insulin secretion (lower serum C-peptide and insulin levels) were observed in non-obese patients in the absence of a compensatory increase in proinsulin levels. It can be assumed that the increase in the concentration of osteocalcin in group 1 is compensatory, although it does not have a significant effect on blood glucose levels. However, it may have a protective effect on the severity of insulin resistance syndrome and related metabolic disorders. Lower levels of osteocalcin in the obese group were associated with a higher degree of insulin resistance and insulin secretion. There was no significant difference between the two groups in serum proinsulin levels, as well as in androgen supply, which was assessed by the levels of total testosterone, testosteronestradiol-binding globulin, and free testosterone index. Conclusion. Lower levels of osteocalcin may be a marker of an increased risk of adverse metabolic changes in obese patients with type 2 diabetes, followed by complications compared to non-overweight patient

РОЛЬ ОСТЕОКАЛЬЦИНУ В РЕГУЛЯЦІЇ СЕКРЕЦІЇ ІНСУЛІНУ ТА ОСТЕОТРОПНИХ ЕФЕКТІВ РІЗНИХ КЛАСІВ ПРОТИДІАБЕТИЧНИХ ПРЕПАРАТІВ (огляд літератури і власні дослідження)

Background. Current data suggest that bone tissue produces hormonally active factors - modulators of metabolic processes throughout the body. The most significant osteoproteins is osteocalcin, the non-collagen structural protein of the bone matrix, which is synthesized by osteoblasts and enters the bloodstream during the resorption of bone tissue. Osteocalcin is involved in the regulation of energy balance, insulin secretion, peripheric insulin sensitivity, and adipocyte’s function, while being an important marker of bone remodeling. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between osteocalcin levels and metabolic parameters in 97 patients with type 2 diabetes over 50 years of age, in the course of pharmacotherapy using different classes of antidiabetic drugs, namely human insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists (aGLP), and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, depending on presence of obesity. Results. There was found the highest serum osteocalcin level in patients without obese who received a metabolically active therapy with insulin or aGLP-1, comparing to nonobese subjects of SGLT2 inhibitors therapy group. The lowest level of HbA1c and triglycerides observed in non-obese patients on the background of taking aGLP-1. Conclusion. It can be assumed that the factor determining the hypoglycemic efficacy of investigated drugs may be the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes which depends on the degree of obesity, while the type of antidiabetic therapy has a corrective effect, probably mediated by changes in body weight and fat distribution.Background. Current data suggest that bone tissue produces hormonally active factors - modulators of metabolic processes throughout the body. The most significant osteoproteins is osteocalcin, the non-collagen structural protein of the bone matrix, which is synthesized by osteoblasts and enters the bloodstream during the resorption of bone tissue. Osteocalcin is involved in the regulation of energy balance, insulin secretion, peripheric insulin sensitivity, and adipocyte’s function, while being an important marker of bone remodeling. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between osteocalcin levels and metabolic parameters in 97 patients with type 2 diabetes over 50 years of age, in the course of pharmacotherapy using different classes of antidiabetic drugs, namely human insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists (aGLP), and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, depending on presence of obesity. Results. There was found the highest serum osteocalcin level in patients without obese who received a metabolically active therapy with insulin or aGLP-1, comparing to nonobese subjects of SGLT2 inhibitors therapy group. The lowest level of HbA1c and triglycerides observed in non-obese patients on the background of taking aGLP-1. Conclusion. It can be assumed that the factor determining the hypoglycemic efficacy of investigated drugs may be the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes which depends on the degree of obesity, while the type of antidiabetic therapy has a corrective effect, probably mediated by changes in body weight and fat distribution

Testing Lorentz Invariance by Comparing Light Propagation in Vacuum and Matter

We present a Michelson-Morley type experiment for testing the isotropy of the speed of light in vacuum and matter. The experiment compares the resonance frequency of a monolithic optical sapphire resonator with the resonance frequency of an orthogonal evacuated optical cavity made of fused silica while the whole setup is rotated on an air bearing turntable once every 45 s. Preliminary results yield an upper limit for the anisotropy of the speed of light in matter (sapphire) of \Delta c/c < 4x10^(-15), limited by the frequency stability of the sapphire resonator operated at room temperature. Work to increase the measurement sensitivity by more than one order of magnitude by cooling down the sapphire resonator to liquid helium temperatures (LHe) is currently under way.Comment: Presented at the Fifth Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry, Bloomington, Indiana, June 28-July 2, 201

Провинциальное управление Османской империи XVI в. на основе канун-наме

У статті на основі даних султанських канун-наме розглядається організація провінційного управління Османської імперії у XVI ст. Автор аналізує систему адміністративного поділу Османської імперії. Зазначається, що найбільші османські провінції поділялися на два типи – тімарли, в яких було сформовано османське право, тімарна система та поділ на санджаки та сальянелі, в яких тімарна система була відсутня, а зібрані податки розподілялися на місцеві потреби; адміністративно-військовою територіальною одиницею другого рівня були санджаки, які у свою чергу розподілялися на кази, кадилики та нахійє. Встановлено, що систему влади на місцях формували представники військово-адміністративної, судової та фінансової ліній османського управління, які відповідно очолював бейлербей, кадій та дефтердар. Їхнім головним завданням було налагодження і зміцнення зв’язків між провінцією та центром.The title of the article is ‘The provincial administration of the Ottoman empire in the XVI century on the ground of the kanunname’. The purpose of the article is to characterize the structure of the provincial administration of the Ottoman Empire in the XVI century on the ground of the sultans’ kanunname. The administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire has been studied in the article: the largest ottoman provinces - eyalets were divided into two types: timarli, in which the system of sanjaks, ottoman law, timar system were established; and salyaneli, where timar system was absent, all taxes were gathered and distributed to local needs; the second administrative-military territorial units were sanjaks, the subdivisions of sanjak were kazas and kadiluks, then – nahiyes. Moreover, outside this system there were various types of vassal and tributary states. The governance of such large territory, control over the execution of orders, establishment of relations between different groups of multi-ethnic population of the empire, which lived mostly not in the metropolitan area, but in the provinces, needed the constant functioning of local authorities. The main task of the provincial administration was to organize and to strengthen the communications between the province and the center. Special attention has been given to the description of the place and role, rights and duties of beylerbey, sanjakbey, qadi (judge), defterdar and other local managers at the system of the Ottoman provincial administration. In conclusion it is necessary to point out that the system of local authorities was formed by representatives of the military-administrative (sipahi-timarli, sanjakbey, beylerbey, the Grand Vizier), judicial (qadis (judges), kazaskers, sheikh-ul-Islam) and financial (defterdars) branches of the Ottoman government. Legal prohibitions and mutual cooperation supported sustainable balance between these executive power branches.В статье на основе данных султанских канун-наме рассматривается организация провинциального управления Османской империи в XVI в. Автор анализирует систему административного деления Османской империи. Отмечается, что крупнейшие османские провинции делились на два типа - тимарлы, в которых было сформировано османское право, тимарная система и разделение на санджаки, и сальянели, в которых тимарная система отсутствовала, а собранные налоги распределялись на местные нужды; административно-военной территориальной единицей второго уровня были санджаки, которые в свою очередь делились на каза, кадылыки и нахийе. Установлено, что систему власти на местах формировали представители военно-административной, судебной и финансовой линий османского управления, соответственно возглавляемые бейлербеем, кадием и дефтердаром. Их главной задачей было налаживание и укрепление связей между провинцией и центром

ГЛОБАЛЬНА ФІНАНСОВА СИСТЕМА: РИЗИКИ ТА ПРОГНОЗИ

The article is devoted to the analysis of the causes of the series of successively occurring crisis phenomena in the global financial system, the identification of imbalances and financial risks of development at the present stage. The article is dedicated to the evolution of the overall structure of the international financial sector, discusses the role of the euro area financial sector in financing non–financial corporations and analyses interconnectedness across different parts of the financial sector in order to assess possible structural risks to financial stability in the euro area and in the world. definition of existing risks and imbalances in the development of the global financial and economic sphere, as well as the possible directions of their minimization. The purpose of the article is to  definition of existing risks and imbalances in the development of the global financial and economic sphere, as well as the possible directions of their minimization.Статья посвящена анализу причин серии последовательно возникающих кризисных явлений в мировой финансовой системе, выявлению дисбалансов и финансовых рисков развития на современном этапе. Статья посвящена эволюции общей структуры международного финансового сектора, обсуждается роль финансового сектора еврозоны в финансировании нефинансовых корпораций и анализируется взаимосвязь между различными секторами финансового сектора, чтобы оценить возможные структурные риски для Финансовой стабильности в зоне евро и в мире. Определение существующих рисков и дисбалансов в развитии мировой финансово–экономической сферы, а также возможные направления их минимизации. Цель статьи – определение существующих рисков и дисбалансов в развитии мировой финансово–экономической сферы, а также возможные направления их минимизации.Стаття присвячена аналізу причин серії послідовно виникаючих кризових явищ у світовій фінансовій системі, виявлення диспропорцій та фінансових ризиків розвитку на сучасному етапі. Стаття присвячена розвитку загальної структури міжнародного фінансового сектору, розглядається роль фінансового сектора зони євро в фінансуванні нефінансових корпорацій та аналізується взаємозв'язок між різними частинами фінансового сектору з метою оцінки можливих структурних ризиків Фінансова стабільність у зоні євро та у світі. Визначення існуючих ризиків та дисбалансів у розвитку світової фінансово–економічної сфери, а також можливі напрямки їх мінімізації. Метою статті є визначення існуючих ризиків та дисбалансів у розвитку світової фінансово–економічної сфери, а також можливі напрями їх мінімізації

Класифікація ЕКГ сигналів методами машинного навчання

The importance of electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis is difficult to overestimate. Rhythm of life, stress and other factors affect the frequency of diseases and their early appearance. At the same time, the technologization (digitalization) of life and hardware-software complexes, such as mobile electronic cardiographs and wearable devices in general, which are rapidly developing, open new opportunities for rapid analysis of human state by certain indicators, as well as allow to diagnose on the new higher level in almost real time. There are many methods for analyzing cardiograms. In this paper, the authors propose a new approach based on an ensemble of individual classifiers, which effectively solves the problem of ECG analysis. The study is based on the PhysioNet Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2017 and the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. The algorithm consists of the following stages: data filtering using moving average and Butterworth filters, R-peak localization via threshold and grouping method, ECG resampling for the better comparability, “Noisy” vs “NotNoisy” classification as the most hard-to-identify class, final classification as “Normal”, “Atrial Fibrillation”, “Other” using an ensemble of 1D CNN classifiers and a final classifier of selection using logistic regression, random forest or support vector machine (SVM). The proposed method shows high accuracy by the metric F1, so it gives the background for further research, optimization and implementation. This way this algorithm could help to save human’s life by in-time detection of problems with cardiovascular system (CVS) at early stage. Pages of the article in the issue: 70 - 77 Language of the article: UkrainianВажливість аналізу електрокардіограм (ЕКГ) важко переоцінити. Ритм життя, стреси та інші фактори впливають на частоту захворювань та їх ранні прояви. Разом з тим, технологізація (цифровізація) життя та апаратно-програмних комплекси, такі як мобільні електронні кардіографи та носимі пристрої загалом, що бурхливо розвиваються останнім часом, відкривають нові можливості для швидкого аналізу стану людини за певними показниками, а також дозволяють проводити діагностику на новому рівні практично у реальному часі. Існує багато методів для аналізу кардіограм. В даній роботі авторами запропоновано новий підхід, що ефективно розв’язує задачу аналізу ЕКГ. Дослідження базується на наборі даних PhysioNetComputing in Cardiology Challenge 2017 та MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. Алгоритм складається зтаких етапів: фільтрація даних, локалізація R піків, передискретизація ЕКГ, визначення класу ЕКГ задопомогою ансамблю з 1D CNN та підсумкового класифікатора. Запропонований метод показує високу точність за метрикою F1, тому являє собою цінність дляподальших досліджень, оптимізації та впровадження

РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЯ ПАЦІЄНТІВ ПІСЛЯ ЗАКРИТОГО ОСТЕОСИНТЕЗУ ДІАФІЗАРНИХ ПЕРЕЛОМІВ КІСТОК ГОМІЛКИ

Bone damage in fractures is never isolated and is always accompanied by soft tissue damage, microcirculation and neurotrophic processes. The severity of these disorders depends on a number of factors: the mechanism of injury, type and location of the fracture, the magnitude of the displacement of the fragments, the size of the hematoma in the fracture area.One analyzed the rehabilitation treatment after closed osteosynthesis of the tibia in 53 patients with fractures and their consequences (nonhealing fractures, pseudoarthrosis) that were operated with the use of blocking intramedullary metal polymeric fixation devices BIMPF – 3M and BIMPF – 8. No infectious complication was noted, one patient was characterized by a delayed consolidation of fragments in case of closed BIMPO. The average terms of fragments consolidation with a complete restoration of an operated extremity ranged from 10 to 12 weeks in case of dynamic version of BIMPO and 13 – 15 weeks with a static one.Bone damage in fractures is never isolated and is always accompanied by soft tissue damage, microcirculation and neurotrophic processes. The severity of these disorders depends on a number of factors: the mechanism of injury, type and location of the fracture, the magnitude of the displacement of the fragments, the size of the hematoma in the fracture area.One analyzed the rehabilitation treatment after closed osteosynthesis of the tibia in 53 patients with fractures and their consequences (nonhealing fractures, pseudoarthrosis) that were operated with the use of blocking intramedullary metal polymeric fixation devices BIMPF – 3M and BIMPF – 8. No infectious complication was noted, one patient was characterized by a delayed consolidation of fragments in case of closed BIMPO. The average terms of fragments consolidation with a complete restoration of an operated extremity ranged from 10 to 12 weeks in case of dynamic version of BIMPO and 13 – 15 weeks with a static one

Leading Order QCD Shear Viscosity from the 3PI Effective Action

In this article we calculate the leading order shear viscosity in QCD using the resummed 3PI effective action. We work to 3-loop order in the effective action. We show that the integral equations that resum the pinching and collinear contributions are produced naturally by the formalism. All leading order terms are included, without the need for any kind of power counting arguments.Comment: 23 pages, 27 figure