296 research outputs found

    Evaluation de la connaissance et utilisation des variĂ©tĂ©s de piment (Capsicum) cultivĂ©es en CĂŽte d’Ivoire

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    Cette étude a été entreprise pour répertorier et décrire les différentes variétés de piment consommées en Côte d’Ivoire en vue de leur valorisation. Un questionnaire a permis de recueillir des renseignements sur la connaissance et les différentes formes d’usages du piment. Les variétés de Capsicum étudiées sont connues à 98% aussi bien par les femmes, les hommes que par les différents groupes ethniques. Les 2 espèces cultivées et retrouvées sur les marchés d’Abidjan sont Capsicum annuum et Capsicum frutescens, réparties en 6 variétés: Capsicum annuum jaune, Capsicum annuum antillais, Capsicum frutescens soudanais, Capsicum frutescens attié, Capsicum frutescens doux et Capsicum frutescens oiseau. Le piment est consommé quotidiennement à 97,16% chez les femmes contre 87% chez les hommes pour ses propriétés nutritionnelle (18%) et sensorielle (15%). Il est consommé et apprécié pour son goût piquant (23%) moyennement fort (32%), suivi de l’arôme (10%). Les sauces sont les modes de consommation les plus fréquentes (30,24%) suivies par les grillades (8,89%). Le piment est aussi connu par les populations pour ses propriétés médicinales. La constipation serait à 23%, l’affection la plus traitée par les variétés de Capsicum, suivie des gastro-entérites (14%). Ces informations recueillies sur le piment font de ce fruit-légume, une ressource agricole à prendre en compte dans tout programme de valorisation des richesses floristiques dont disposent la Côte d’Ivoire.Mots clés: Capsicum, piment, épice, propriété sensorielle, propriété médicinal

    Is this it? Speculation on the end of a marriage during the COVID-19 pandemic

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    Journal #61 from Media Rise's Quarantined Across Borders Collection by Susan C. Frazier-Kouassi. From United States. Quarantined in Abidjan, Ivory Coast (West Africa).The hope and survival of a marriage confronting the COVID-19 pandemic behind closed borders doors.Media Rise Publications. Quarantined Across Borders Collection. Edited by Dr. Srividya "Srivi" Ramasubramanian

    Evaluation des pertes en micronutriments et en oxalates au cours de la cuisson a l’eau et a la vapeur des feuilles d’epinard Malabar (Basella alba) et de celosie (Celosia argentea)

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    Les lĂ©gumes-feuilles renferment des nutriments dont les teneurs sont affectĂ©es par la cuisson. Afin d’apprĂ©cier le mode et la durĂ©e de cuisson de l’épinard Malabar et de la cĂ©losie, une enquĂȘte de consommation a Ă©tĂ© conduite dans 69 mĂ©nages de la ville d’Abidjan. Les pertes en nutriments ont Ă©tĂ© estimĂ©es. Les dosages ont portĂ© sur la dĂ©termination de la vitamine C, des minĂ©raux et de l’acide oxalique. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que les femmes cuisent les lĂ©gumes-feuilles Ă  l’eau pendant 20 minutes. Toutefois, la cuisson Ă  l’eau favorise les pertes en vitamine C, en magnĂ©sium et en potassium tandis que la cuisson Ă  la vapeur favorise les pertes en acide oxalique, en fer et en calcium. Ainsi, 33,91 % de vitamine C ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©liminĂ©s dans les feuilles d’épinard Malabar cuites Ă  l’eau. A 20 minutes de cuisson Ă  la vapeur, 49,30 % et 40,54 % de la teneur respective en acide oxalique des feuilles d’épinard Malabar et de cĂ©losie ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©liminĂ©s. Le meilleur temps de cuisson des lĂ©gumes feuilles devrait ĂȘtre de 20 minutes afin de limiter les pertes en micronutriments et Ă©liminer l’acide oxalique. Mots clĂ©s : Epinard Malabar, cĂ©losie, perte en nutriment, cuisson Ă  l’eau, cuisson Ă  la vapeur. Evaluation of micronutrients and oxalates losses during Malabar spinach (Basella alba) and Lagos spinach (Celosia argentea) cooking water and steaming Leafy vegetables contain nutrients which are affected by cooking. In the aim to appreciate cooking methods and duration of Malabar spinach and Lagos spinach, a survey has been conducted with 69 households in Abidjan. Nutrients losses have been evaluated. The analyses were on vitamin C, minerals and oxalic acid determination. The results showed that women cooked leafy vegetables with water for 20 minutes. However, cooking water favors losses in vitamin C, magnesium and potassium while steaming favors oxalic acid, iron and calcium losses. Around 33.91% of vitamin C have been lost in Malabar spinach cooked with water for 20 minutes. After 20 minutes of steaming, oxalic acid losses were about 49.30% and 40.54% respectively in Malabar spinach and Lagos spinach. The best leafy vegetables cooking time should be 20 minutes to avoid important nutrients losses and favor oxalic acid elimination.Keywords: Malabar spinach, Lagos spinach, nutrients losses, cooking water, steaming  

    Performances agronomiques de la tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) pour sa resistance a la maladie de l'enroulement jaunissant des feuilles au centre de la C&#244te d'Ivoire

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    Five tomato varieties, including a local check, were assessed for their resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl disease, without phyto sanitary treatments, at the Food Crops Research Station of the National AgronomicResearch Centre (CNRA) in BouakĂ©. Two resistant varieties to the disease (CLN2126B and CLN2123A) were obtained from AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center and the two others (IDSA108 and IDSA109) from CNRA.Results showed that all the assessed varieties presented symptoms characteristic of leaf curl. Mean severity index of this disease, calculated from a given scale of annotation, was greater than 2,6 for all varieties,demonstrating their susceptibilities. For all the sowing dates, mean variety yields varied from 1680 to 6110 kg ha-1 for CLN2116B and the local check, respectively. Fruits weight varied from 17 to 39 g, for CLN2123A and the local check, respectively. Fruits number harvested varied between 27 to 68 for CLN2116B and the local check, respectively. The local check variety was the centre of great interest, due to its performances, which were superior to those of the 4 other varieties. Therefore, it could be recommended in both improvement and selection studies for tomato culture.Cinq variĂ©tĂ©s de tomate, dont un tĂ©moin local, ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©es pour leur rĂ©sistance Ă  la maladie de l'enroulement foliaire, sans traitements phytosanitaires, Ă  la Station de Recherche sur les Cultures VivriĂšresdu Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA) de BouakĂ©. Deux variĂ©tĂ©s rĂ©sistantes au Tomato yellow leaf curl (CLN2126B et CLN2123A), provenaient de l'AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center et les deuxautres (IDSA108, IDSA109) du CNRA. Les rĂ©sultats montrent que toutes les variĂ©tĂ©s testĂ©es ont prĂ©sentĂ© des symptĂŽmes caractĂ©ristiques de la maladie. L'indice moyen de sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© de la maladie, calculĂ© Ă  partird'une Ă©chelle d'annotation, a Ă©tĂ© supĂ©rieur Ă  2,6 pour toutes les variĂ©tĂ©s, dĂ©montrant, ainsi, leur sensibilitĂ©. Sur l'ensemble des semis, les rendements moyens des variĂ©tĂ©s ont variĂ© entre 1680 et 6110 kg ha-1 pour CLN2116B et le tĂ©moin, respectivement. De mĂȘme, les poids moyens des fruits ont variĂ© entre 17 et 39 g pour CLN2123A et le tĂ©moin, respectivement. Le nombre de fruits rĂ©coltĂ©s a variĂ©, en moyenne, entre 27 et 68, pour CLN2116B et le tĂ©moin, respectivement. Le tĂ©moin local a ainsi Ă©tĂ© l'objet d'un regain d'intĂ©rĂȘt grĂące Ă  ses performances, qui sont supĂ©rieures Ă  celles des 4 autres variĂ©tĂ©s. Le tĂ©moin pourrait donc ĂȘtreprĂ©conisĂ© dans des Ă©tudes ultĂ©rieures d'amĂ©lioration et de sĂ©lection de variĂ©tĂ©s tolĂ©rantes en culture de tomate.

    PiĂ©geage des Mouches des Fruits (Diptera : Tephritidae) À Base D’extraits de Ocimum Basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) : Cas de Bactrocera Dorsalis, Principal Ravageur de Mangues en CĂŽte d’Ivoire

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    Les cultures fruitiĂšres, en particulier la mangue en CĂŽte d’Ivoire, sont sous la menace des mouches des fruits. Les dĂ©gĂąts se sont accrus avec l’invasion de Bactrocera dorsalis. En outre, la baisse des pertes en vergers de manguiers exige l’utilisation du mĂ©thyl eugĂ©nol pour sa dĂ©tection et le suivi du monitoring de sa population. Malheureusement, les attractifs sexuels spĂ©cifiques de mouchessont inaccessibles aux producteurs de la CĂŽte d’Ivoire. L’objectif de cette Ă©tude est d’évaluer l’efficacitĂ© de Ocimum basilicum dans de la capture de B. dorsalis. Ces trois formulations du basilic (feuilles fraĂźches malaxĂ©es, poudre de basilic et macĂ©rĂąt du basilic) et le mĂ©thyl eugĂ©nol sont utilisĂ©es en piĂ©geage dans les vergers de manguiers Ă  Korhogo. Les piĂšges ont Ă©tĂ© relevĂ©s chaque semaine et chaque jour respectivement pour le MĂ©thyl eugĂ©nol et les formulations du basilic. Les formulations ont permis de capturer une importante population de B. dorsalis (99,41 %) avec une prĂ©valence (FTD) moyenne journaliĂšre de 10,141 individus/jour/piĂšge et d’autres espĂšces de mouches de fruits. La poudre de basilic montre une rĂ©manence plus longue (28,67 ± 18,17 jours) tandis que le macĂ©rĂąt de basilic montre une capture hebdomadaire plus Ă©levĂ©e (513,4 ± 72,34 individus). Les captures moyennes les plus Ă©levĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es avec le MacĂ©rĂąt de basilic (4419 ± 1090 individus) et le MĂ©thyl eugĂ©nol (4899,67 ± 1511,74 individus). Le macĂ©rĂąt de feuilles fraĂźches de basilic et la poudre de feuilles sĂšches de basilic peuvent ĂȘtre recommandĂ©es auprĂšs des producteurs de mangues dans la lutte contre B. dorsalis. Fruit crops, especially mangoes in CĂŽte d'Ivoire are threatened by the fruit flies. The damage has increased with the invasion of Bactrocera dorsalis. In addition, the decline in mango orchard losses requires the use of methyl eugenol for the detection and monitoring of Bactrocera population. Unfortunately, the sex-specific attractants of flies are inaccessible to producers in CĂŽte d'Ivoire. The aims of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Ocimum basilicum in the capture of B. dorsalis. Three basil formulations (fresh mixed leaves, basil powder and basil macerate) and methyl eugenol are used for trapping in mango orchards in Korhogo. The captured insects were collected weekly and daily for methyl eugenol and basil formulations respectively. The formulations captured a large population of B. dorsalis (99.41%) with an average daily prevalence (FTD) of 10,141 individuals / day / trap and other fruit fly species. Basil powder has the longest persistence (28.67 ± 18.17 days) and basil macerate has the highest weekly catch (513.4 ± 72.34 individuals). The highest average catches were observed with basil macerate (4419 ± 1090 individuals) and methyl eugenol (4899.67 ± 1511.74 individuals). Fresh basil leaf macerate and dry basil leaf powder may be recommended to mango growers in the control of B. dorsalis

    Metabolomics and Lipidomics Profiling of a Combined Mitochondrial Plus Endoplasmic Reticulum Fraction of Human Fibroblasts: A Robust Tool for Clinical Studies

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    Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are physically and functionally connected. This close interaction, via mitochondria-associated membranes, is increasingly explored and supports the importance of studying these two organelles as a whole. Metabolomics and lipidomics are powerful approaches for the exploration of metabolic pathways that may be useful to provide deeper information on these organelles\u27 functions, dysfunctions, and interactions. We developed a quick and simple experimental procedure for the purification of a mitochondria-ER fraction from human fibroblasts. We applied combined metabolomics and lipidomics analyses by mass spectrometry with excellent reproducibility. Seventy-two metabolites and 418 complex lipids were detected with a mean coefficient of variation around 12%, among which many were specific to the mitochondrial metabolism. Thus this strategy based on robust mitochondria-ER extraction and "omics" combination will be useful for investigating the pathophysiology of complex diseases

    First insights into serum metabolomics of trenbolone/estradiol implanted bovines; screening model to predict hormone-treated and control animals’ status

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    International audienceThe use of anabolic agents in livestock production is a subject of much concern. Although prohibited for more than 20&nbsp;years within the EU, growth promoting practices are still widely suspected. To meet the current challenges for detecting illicit practices, ‘omics’ strategies have recently been demonstrated as important new investigative tools. These investigations, based on the observation of physiological disturbances, mainly in urine, demonstrated the possibility to monitor biomarkers enabling high throughput determination of animal status in terms of hormonal treatment. In this context, serum was investigated for the first time as an alternative and potential complementary sample type. A metabolomic approach based on liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry, was exploited in order to, highlight metabolic perturbations in serum of Revalor-XS¼ (trenbolone acetate/estradiol) implanted bovines. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were carried out to establish descriptive and predictive models. These models enabled the discrimination of anabolised from control animals, and highlighted a number of metabolites which contributed the most in the observed discrimination. Further, a screening model combining a set of selected markers intensities was generated and it successfuly classified animals according to their status, up to 4&nbsp;weeks post Revalor-XS¼ implant. This research indicates, for the first time, that serum metabolomics has an important role in screening to detect for anabolic misuse in bovines.</p

    Comparison of a possession score and a poverty index in predicting anaemia and undernutrition in pre-school children and women of reproductive age in rural and urban CĂŽte d'Ivoire

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    Abstract Objective To determine whether a possession score or a poverty index best predicts undernutrition and anaemia in women of reproductive age (15-49 years; WRA) and children aged 6-59 months living in CÎte d'Ivoire. Design Anthropometric measurements were converted to Z-scores to assess stunting, wasting and underweight in children, and converted to BMI in WRA. A venous blood sample was drawn, and Hb concentration and Plasmodium spp. infection were determined. A possession score was generated with categories of zero to four possessions. A five-point (quintile) poverty index using household assets was created using principal component analysis. These socio-economic measures were compared for their ability to predict anaemia and malnutrition. Setting Data were from a nationally representative survey conducted in CÎte d'Ivoire in 2007. Subjects A sample of 768 WRA and 717 children aged 6-59 months was analysed. Results Overall, 74·9 % of children and 50·2 % of WRA were anaemic; 39·5 % of the children were stunted, 28·1 % underweight and 12·8 % wasted, while 7·4 % of WRA had BMI < 18·5 kg/m2. In general, there were more stunted and underweight children and thin WRA in rural areas. The poverty index showed a stronger relationship with nutritional status than the possession score; mean Hb difference between the poorest and wealthiest quintiles in children and WRA was 8·2 g/l and 6·5 g/l, respectively (13·9 % and 19·8 % difference in anaemia, respectively; P < 0·001), and Z-scores and BMI were significantly better in the wealthiest quintile (P < 0·001). Conclusions The poverty index was generally a better predictor of undernutrition in WRA and pre-school children than the possession scor

    Benzophénanthridines isolées de Zanthoxylum psammophilum

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    Dix-huit composĂ©s dont deux nouvelles benzophĂ©nanthridines la 8-mĂ©thoxy-7,8-dihydrofagaridine 1 et la 8-acĂ©tonyl-7,8-dihydrofagaridine 2 ont Ă©tĂ© isolĂ©s des racines de Zanthoxylum psammophilum (Rutaceae). La structure de ces composĂ©s (1-18) a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©e principalement par l’utilisation de la spectroscopie de RMN 1D (1H et 13C) et 2D (COSY, NOESY, HSQC, HMBC). Le composĂ© 1 a montrĂ© une activitĂ© antimicrobienne sur S. Aureus.Mots clĂ©s: Rutaceae, alcaloĂŻdes, 8-mĂ©thoxy-7,8-dihydrofagaridine, 8- acĂ©tonyl-7,8-dihydrofagaridin
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