SPEECH BEHAVIOUR OF AN ELITE LINGUISTIC IDENTITY (ON THE MATERIAL OF LETTERS OF O.P. FLORENSKY)

Every person able to speak and write is realised as homo loquens, homo scribens, homo audiens. The realization of verbal abilities takes place in communicative situations. The ability to generate texts demonstrates the level of the language personality, and the choice of language means predetermines the type of speech behaviour of a person. The study of the elite linguistic identity allows improving one's own speech skills through the description of strategies and tactics of the recipient's speech behaviour. In our paper, this "measure" is the speech behaviour of P.A. Florensky, represented in the letters of the early XX century and the last years of life of the educator, priest, mathematician, philosopher, and scientist

DEED OF GIFT (INSCRIPTION) IN THE SPEECH BEHAVIOUR OF HOMO SCRIBENS

A native speaker studied by modern linguistics is a speaker being a language identity, i.e. a person able to create texts. The study of speech activity and speech-related capacities of homo scribens (capable of manifesting spontaneous and prepared writing in a certain speech situation) are in the focus of this paper

ON THE HISTORY OF BOUND ROOTS IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

Authors present the discussion of reasons for emergence of bound roots in the Russian language. Desemantized nuclear morphemes may be probably caused by historical phonetic processes changing the root structure

TRANSFORMATION OF RUSSIAN PHRASEOLOGISTS IN THE BILINGUAL'S SPEECH

It is acknowledged that the highest level of mastering another language is the mastery of phraseology. However, the process of mastering the idiomatic level of a foreign or non-native language is difficult, through overcoming errors, substitution, and transformation. The presented article reflects the results of the analysis of recording spontaneous bilingual speech (the speaker of Azerbaijani and Russian languages) and the identification of several groups of phraseological units’ transformations, depending on the error’s nature

Comparison of antiarrhythmic medications propafenone and amiodarone injection forms effectiveness in medicamentous cardioversion of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Background. According to present 2016–2017 recommendations, propafenone and amiodarone are the main antiarrhythmic medications (AAM) for medicamentous sinus rhythm (SR) restoration. Direct effectiveness and safety comparison of these medications injectable forms for atrial fibrillation (AF) paroxysm treatment on pre-hospital stage is one of the pressing issues. Aim. To compare effectiveness and safety of propafenone and amiodarone use in urgent SR restoration in patients with paroxysmal AF on pre-hospital stage. Materials and methods. An open randomized multicenter prospective study PROMETEI-INSK was conducted. The study included 388 patients with AF paroxysm with mean lasting time of 195 minutes. For the purpose of AF paroxysm treatment amiodarone intravenous bolus was used, in group 2 (268 patients) – propafenone intravenous bolus. The compared groups were matched by sex, age, electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters, and anamnesis of arrhythmic events, comorbid pathology, and therapy. The following investigations were performed: physical examination, medical history taking, ECG before and after rhythm restoration, as well as basic vital factors evaluation (such as heartbeat rate, blood pressure). Study results were processed with the use of statistical data analysis software package Statistica 10 for Windows (StatSoft Inc., USA). Results. AAM effectiveness was evaluated for 24 hours until SR restoration. In the group 1 (amiodarone use) the effectiveness was 61.7% (n=74), in group 2 (propafenone) – 77.6% (n=208); p<0.05. The mean time of rhythm restoration in group 1 was 110 minutes, in group 2 – 22 minutes (p<0.05). Relief of AF paroxysm happened in less than 60 minutes in 25.83% (n=31) of patients in group 1, and in 64.5% (n=173) in group 2; p<0.05. There were no significant differences observed in proarrhythmic and other adverse effects. Conclusion. Propafenone in injectable form is an effective and safe AAM in AF paroxysmal form treatment in comparison with amiodarone on pre-hospital stage. In patients with AF who have no changes in cardiac structure amiodarone is not a first line drug for emergency management of recently emerged AF

EBS in Children with De Novo Pathogenic Variants Disturbing <i>Krt14</i>

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a dermatological condition marked by skin fragility and blister formation resulting from separation within the basal layer of the epidermis, which can be attributed to various genetic etiologies. This study presents three pathogenic de novo variants in young children, with clinical manifestations appearing as early as the neonatal period. The variants contribute to the EBS phenotype through two distinct mechanisms: direct keratin abnormalities due to pathogenic variants in the Krt14 gene, and indirect effects via pathogenic mutation in the KLHL24 gene, which interfere with the natural proteasome-mediated degradation pathway of KRT14. We report one severe case of EBS with mottled pigmentation arising from the Met119Thr pathogenic variant in KRT14, another case involving a pathogenic KLHL24 Met1Val variant, and a third case featuring the hot spot mutation Arg125His in KRT14, all manifesting within the first few weeks of life. This research underscores the complexity of genetic influences in EBS and highlights the importance of early genetic screening for accurate diagnosis and management

Blank Spots in the Map of Human Skin: The Challenge for Xenotransplantation

Most of the knowledge about human skin homeostasis, development, wound healing, and diseases has been accumulated from human skin biopsy analysis by transferring from animal models and using different culture systems. Human-to-mouse xenografting is one of the fundamental approaches that allows the skin to be studied in vivo and evaluate the ongoing physiological processes in real time. Humanized animals permit the actual techniques for tracing cell fate, clonal analysis, genetic modifications, and drug discovery that could never be employed in humans. This review recapitulates the novel facts about mouse skin self-renewing, regeneration, and pathology, raises issues regarding the gaps in our understanding of the same options in human skin, and postulates the challenges for human skin xenografting

Environmental drivers of Sphagnum growth in peatlands across the Holarctic region

The relative importance of global versus local environmental factors for growth and thus carbon uptake of the bryophyte genus Sphagnum – the main peat-former and ecosystem engineer in northern peatlands – remains unclear. 2) We measured length growth and net primary production (NPP) of two abundant Sphagnum species across 99 Holarctic peatlands. We tested the importance of previously proposed abiotic and biotic drivers for peatland carbon uptake (climate, N deposition, water table depth, and vascular plant cover) on these two responses. Employing structural equation models, we explored both indirect and direct effects of drivers on Sphagnum growth. 3) Variation in growth was large, but similar within and between peatlands. Length growth showed a stronger response to predictors than NPP. Moreover, the smaller and denser Sphagnum fuscum growing on hummocks had weaker responses to climatic variation than the larger and looser S. magellanicum growing in the wetter conditions. Growth decreased with increasing vascular plant cover within a site. Between sites, precipitation and temperature increased growth for S. magellanicum. The structural equation models indicated that indirect effects are important. For example, vascular plant cover increased with a deeper water table, increased nitrogen deposition, precipitation and temperature. These factors also influenced Sphagnum growth indirectly by affecting moss shoot density. 4) Synthesis Our results imply that in a warmer climate, S. magellanicum will increase length growth as long as precipitation is not reduced, while S. fuscum is more resistant to decreased precipitation, but also less able to take advantage of increased precipitation and temperature. Such species-specific sensitivity to climate may affect competitive outcomes in a changing environment, and potentially the future carbon sink function of peatlands

Environmental and taxonomic controls of carbon and oxygen stable isotope composition in Sphagnum across broad climatic and geographic ranges

Rain-fed peatlands are dominated by peat mosses (Sphagnum sp.), which for their growth depend on nutrients, water and CO2 uptake from the atmosphere. As the isotopic composition of carbon (12,13C) and oxygen (16,18O) of these Sphagnum mosses are affected by environmental conditions, Sphagnum tissue accumulated in peat constitutes a potential long-term archive that can be used for climate reconstruction. However, there is inadequate understanding of how isotope values are influenced by environmental conditions, which restricts their current use as environmental and palaeoenvironmental indicators. Here we tested (i) to what extent C and O isotopic variation in living tissue of Sphagnum is species-specific and associated with local hydrological gradients, climatic gradients (evapotranspiration, temperature, precipitation) and elevation; (ii) whether the C isotopic signature can be a proxy for net primary productivity (NPP) of Sphagnum; and (iii) to what extent Sphagnum tissue δ18O tracks the δ18O isotope signature of precipitation. In total, we analysed 337 samples from 93 sites across North America and Eurasia using two important peat-forming Sphagnum species (S. magellanicum, S. fuscum) common to the Holarctic realm. There were differences in δ13C values between species. For S. magellanicum δ13C decreased with increasing height above the water table (HWT, R2 =17%) and was positively correlated to productivity (R2 = 7%). Together these two variables explained 46% of the between-site variation in δ13C values. For S. fuscum, productivity was the only significant predictor of δ13C but had low explanatory power (total R2 = 6%). For δ18O values, approximately 90% of the variation was found between sites. Globally modelled annual δ18O values in precipitation explained 69% of the between-site variation in tissue δ18O. S. magellanicum showed lower δ18O enrichment than S. fuscum (-0.83 ‰ lower). Elevation and climatic variables were weak predictors of tissue δ18O values after controlling for δ18O values of the precipitation. To summarize, our study provides evidence for (a) good predictability of tissue δ18O values from modelled annual δ18O values in precipitation, and (b) the possibility of relating tissue δ13C values to HWT and NPP, but this appears to be species-dependent. These results suggest that isotope composition can be used on a large scale for climatic reconstructions but that such models should be species-specific.</p

Environmental drivers of Sphagnum growth in peatlands across the Holarctic region

The relative importance of global versus local environmental factors for growth and thus carbon uptake of the bryophyte genusSphagnum-the main peat-former and ecosystem engineer in northern peatlands-remains unclear. We measured length growth and net primary production (NPP) of two abundantSphagnumspecies across 99 Holarctic peatlands. We tested the importance of previously proposed abiotic and biotic drivers for peatland carbon uptake (climate, N deposition, water table depth and vascular plant cover) on these two responses. Employing structural equation models (SEMs), we explored both indirect and direct effects of drivers onSphagnumgrowth. Variation in growth was large, but similar within and between peatlands. Length growth showed a stronger response to predictors than NPP. Moreover, the smaller and denserSphagnum fuscumgrowing on hummocks had weaker responses to climatic variation than the larger and looserSphagnum magellanicumgrowing in the wetter conditions. Growth decreased with increasing vascular plant cover within a site. Between sites, precipitation and temperature increased growth forS. magellanicum. The SEMs indicate that indirect effects are important. For example, vascular plant cover increased with a deeper water table, increased nitrogen deposition, precipitation and temperature. These factors also influencedSphagnumgrowth indirectly by affecting moss shoot density. Synthesis. Our results imply that in a warmer climate,S. magellanicumwill increase length growth as long as precipitation is not reduced, whileS. fuscumis more resistant to decreased precipitation, but also less able to take advantage of increased precipitation and temperature. Such species-specific sensitivity to climate may affect competitive outcomes in a changing environment, and potentially the future carbon sink function of peatlands