e-Leadership in Academia: A New Form of Leadership Emerging from Networks of Interdisciplinary Research

High-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) is a promising sputtering-based ionized physical vapor deposition technique and is already making its way to industrial applications. The major difference between HiPIMS and conventional magnetron sputtering processes is the mode of operation. In HiPIMS the power is applied to the magnetron (target) in unipolar pulses at a low duty factor (andlt;10%) and low frequency (andlt;10 kHz) leading to peak target power densities of the order of several kilowatts per square centimeter while keeping the average target power density low enough to avoid magnetron overheating and target melting. These conditions result in the generation of a highly dense plasma discharge, where a large fraction of the sputtered material is ionized and thereby providing new and added means for the synthesis of tailor-made thin films. In this review, the features distinguishing HiPIMS from other deposition methods will be addressed in detail along with how they influence the deposition conditions, such as the plasma parameters and the sputtered material, as well as the resulting thin film properties, such as microstructure, phase formation, and chemical composition. General trends will be established in conjunction to industrially relevant material systems to present this emerging technology to the interested reader.Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council (VR)|623-2009-7348

Le marché et le politique. Le rôle de l'action publique dans le développement de la musique ancienne

En se fondant sur l’étude du rôle du soutien public dans le développement du monde de la musique ancienne, l’article se propose d’avancer des éléments de repérage des dimensions marchandes et politiques de ce soutien public. Contre les représentations indigènes, il montre que le soutien public, instrumenté par des marchés (le marché des subventions et le marché des concerts), a été fondamental dans ce développement en raison de son caractère à la fois systématique et incontrôlé.By studying the role of public support in the development of early music in France, the paper proposes criteria to discuss this support as politics and as implemented by the market. The public authorities are commonly said to play no role in this development : early music actors are supposed to develop only through their own forces, with few subsidies and with no cultural policy in support of them. It is shown that public action has had a much more important role than what is commonly considered, and that their action has passed through a particular mechanism : the market

Manipulation of thin metal film morphology on weakly interacting substrates via selective deployment of alloying species

We demonstrate a versatile concept for manipulating morphology of thin (& LE;25 nm) noble-metal films on weakly interacting substrates using growth of Ag on SiO2 as a model system. The concept entails deployment of minority metallic (Cu, Au, Al, Ti, Cr, and Mo) alloying species at the Ag-layer growth front. Data from in situ and real-time monitoring of the deposition process show that all alloying agents-when deployed together with Ag vapor throughout the entire film deposition-favor two-dimensional (2D) growth morphology as compared to pure Ag film growth. This is manifested by an increase in the substrate area coverage for a given amount of deposited material in discontinuous layers and a decrease of the thickness at which a continuous layer is formed, though at the expense of a larger electrical resistivity. Based on ex situ microstructural analyses, we conclude that 2D morphological evolution under the presence of alloying species is predominantly caused by a decrease of the rate of island coalescence completion during the initial film-formation stages. Guided by this realization, alloying species are released with high temporal precision to selectively target growth stages before and after coalescence completion. Pre-coalescence deployment of all alloying agents yields a more pronounced 2D growth morphology, which for the case of Cu, Al, and Au is achieved without compromising the Ag-layer electrical conductivity. A more complex behavior is observed when alloying atoms are deposited during the post-coalescence growth stages: Cu, Au, Al, and Cr favor 2D morphology, while Ti and Mo yield a more pronounced three-dimensional morphological evolution. The overall results presented herein show that targeted deployment of alloying agents constitutes a generic platform for designing bespoken heterostructures between metal layers and technologically relevant weakly interacting substrates.& nbsp;Published under an exclusive license by the AVS.Peer reviewe

Исследование процесса сушки продуктов обогащения в вихревых аппаратах

Проаналізовані особливості кінематики високотемпературних теплоносіїв, які використовують при сушці вологих концентратів, на основі чого була складена математична модель руху гетерогенного потоку в вихровому апараті та приведені кількісні показники її рішення.Проанализированы особенности кинематики высокотемпературных теплоносителей, используемых при сушке влажных концентратов, на основе чего была составлена математическая модель движения гетерогенного потока в вихревом аппарате и приведены количественные показатели ее решения

Аппаратный генератор случайных чисел для математического моделирования

Объектом исследования является аппаратный генератор случайных чисел. Цель работы – разработка аппаратного генератора случайных чисел для компьютерного моделирования и анализ статистических характеристик полученных последовательностей чисел. В процессе работы проводилось создание генератора случайных чисел в виде USB-устройства и анализ характеристик устройства и выходных данных. В результате исследования был создан аппаратный генератор случайных чисел с программным обеспечением для персональных компьютеров, определены его характеристики.The object of research is a hardware random number generator. The purpose of work is development of a hardware random number generator for computer simulation and analysis of the statistical characteristics of the obtained sequences of numbers. In the process of creating the work was carried out a random number generator in the form of USB-devices and analysis of device performance and output. The study was set up hardware random number generator software for personal computers, the values ​​of its properties

Разработка рабочей инструкции по ведению архива в ООО "НПО "СПБЭК"

International audienceIn this study, we deposit Al 2 O 3 films using plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (PACVD) in an Ar-H 2 -O 2 -AlCl 3 atmosphere. A novel generator delivering approx. 4 times larger power densities than those conventionally employed in PACVD enabling efficient AlCl 3 dissociation in the gas phase, as well as a more intense energetic bombardment of the growing film is utilized. We demonstrate that these deposition conditions allow for the growth of dense ?-Al 2 O 3 films with negligible Cl incorporation and elastic properties similar to those of the bulk ?-Al 2 O 3 at a temperature of 560 ±10 °C