Variational solutions of stochastic partial differential equations with cylindrical Levy noise

In this article, the existence of a unique solution in the variational approach of the stochastic evolution equation \dX(t) = F(X(t)) \dt + G(X(t)) \dL(t) driven by a cylindrical L\'evy process $L$ is established. The coefficients $F$ and $G$ are assumed to satisfy the usual monotonicity and coercivity conditions. The noise is modelled by a cylindrical L\'evy processes which is assumed to belong to a certain subclass of cylindrical L\'evy processes and may not have finite moments.Comment: Completely revised version, removed some inconsistencies and inaccuracie

Porphyrin Layers at Cu/Au(111)–Electrolyte Interfaces: In Situ EC-STM Study

The coadsorption of porphyrin molecules (TMPyP: tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)-porphyrin), sulfate anions and copper on a Au(111) electrode was investigated by the use of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and in situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy. With decreasing electrode potential the following sequence of surface phases was found: (I) an ordered $$\left( {\sqrt 3 \times \sqrt 7 } \right)R19.1^\circ - {\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_4}^{{2 - }}$$ structure on the unreconstructed Au(111)-(1 × 1) surface; (II) a disordered SO42−-layer on the still unreconstructed Au(111)-(1 × 1); (III) a $$\left( {\sqrt 3 \times \sqrt 3 } \right)R30^\circ$$ coadsorption structure of 2/3 ML Cu and 1/3 ML SO42−; (IV) a completed 1 ML Cu covered by a layer of mobile, i.e. not imaged, SO42− anions, moreover, a coadsorption layer of disordered porphyrin molecules and still mobile SO42− anions; (V) overpotentially deposited Cu-multilayers terminated by the well known Moire-type modulated $$\left( {\sqrt 3 \times \sqrt 7 } \right)R19.1^\circ - {\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_4}^{{2 - }}$$ structure (similar to bulk Cu(111)) and covered by a dense layer of flat lying TMPyP molecules showing a growing square as well as hexagonally ordered arrangement, and at even more negative potential values and low Cu concentrations in the solution (VI) a pseudomorphic underpotentially deposited Cu-monolayer covered by a $$\left( {\sqrt 3 \times \sqrt 7 } \right)R19.1^\circ - {\text{S}}{{\text{O}}_4}^{{2 - }}$$ layer and a dense, ordered porphyrin layer ontop. The formation of the various phases is driven by the potential dependent surface charge density and the resultant electrostatic interaction with the respective ions. A severe imbalance between the copper deposition and desorption current in the CV spectra suggests also the formation of CuTMPyP-metalloporphyrin on the surface which diffuses into the bulk solution

Does the professional and working context of United Kingdom clinicians predict if they use practices to support patients with long term conditions to self manage?

INTRODUCTION: Our study examines how the professional and employment context may influence clinicians' practice self management support for patients with long term conditions (LTC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We surveyed clinicians working with patients with depression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), chronic musculo skeletal pain and diabetes. RESULTS: Clinicians most frequently endorsed items on a scale concerned with patient centeredness, and less frequently endorsed items concerned with clinical and organizational self management support. The most important factors predicting these latter activities were the intensity of working experience with patients with LTC and attending professional training addressing the principles and practice of self management support. Practicing patient centeredness was endorsed by nearly all respondents, and so was not sensitive to variation on work variables. CONCLUSIONS: The interaction of training and intensity of work with patients with LTC seems to have the most powerful effect on undertaking clinical and organizational self management support practices. To facilitate clinicians' practice of self management support for patients with LTC it is very important to provide relevant professional training and to build specialized patient care teams with professionals having complimentary skills

Locating, and Utilising \u3cem\u3eFestuca Pratensis\u3c/em\u3e Genes for Winter Hardiness for the Future Development of More Persistent High Quality \u3cem\u3eLolium\u3c/em\u3e Cultivars

Genes for freezing-tolerance and winter hardiness were located in Festuca pratensis by QTL analysis and introgression-mapping. QTL for freezing-tolerance on F. pratensis chromosome 4 were orthologous to rice chromosome 3, and Triticeae chromosome 5. Increased energy dissipation during the autumn through a lower maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) was correlated with improved winter survival. Freezing tolerance in Lolium was achieved by the transfer and subsequent expression of F. pratensis genes from chromosome 4 that govern the expression of a non-photochemical (NPQ) mechanism for the dissipation of excess light energy under low temperature

Effects of the induced micro- and meso-porosity on the single site density and turn over frequency of Fe-N-C carbon electrodes for the oxygen reduction reaction

Fe-N-C have emerged as one of the best non-PGM alternatives to Pt/C catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of O2 in fuel cells. In this work, we explore the effect of steam and CO2 treatments at high temperatures on the nanometric porous structure of a commercial carbon black. Using those support materials, we synthesize different Fe-N-C catalysts to achieve a better understanding on the role of micro- and mesopores of the support towards catalytic site formation and site activity. Different time and temperature of treatments result in an almost linear increment of surface area and microporous volume, which allows better nitrogen functionalization. Site density evaluation, performed using a recently described NO-stripping technique, showed an increase in site density and TOF which correlates well with the morphology variation. The percentage of active iron increases from 2.65 % to 14.74 % in activated catalysts confirming a better access of electrolyte to the iron sites

Synergies Among Environmental Science Research and Monitoring Networks: A Research Agenda

Many research and monitoring networks in recent decades have provided publicly available data documenting environmental and ecological change, but little is known about the status of efforts to synthesize this information across networks. We convened a working group to assess ongoing and potential cross-network synthesis research and outline opportunities and challenges for the future, focusing on the US-based research network (the US Long-Term Ecological Research network, LTER) and monitoring network (the National Ecological Observatory Network, NEON). LTER-NEON cross-network research synergies arise from the potentials for LTER measurements, experiments, models, and observational studies to provide context and mechanisms for interpreting NEON data, and for NEON measurements to provide standardization and broad scale coverage that complement LTER studies. Initial cross-network syntheses at co-located sites in the LTER and NEON networks are addressing six broad topics: how long-term vegetation change influences C fluxes; how detailed remotely sensed data reveal vegetation structure and function; aquatic-terrestrial connections of nutrient cycling; ecosystem response to soil biogeochemistry and microbial processes; population and species responses to environmental change; and disturbance, stability and resilience. This initial study offers exciting potentials for expanded cross-network syntheses involving multiple long-term ecosystem processes at regional or continental scales. These potential syntheses could provide a pathway for the broader scientific community, beyond LTER and NEON, to engage in cross-network science. These examples also apply to many other research and monitoring networks in the US and globally, and can guide scientists and research administrators in promoting broad-scale research that supports resource management and environmental policy