FEATURES OF POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD IN PATIENTS AFTER BRAIN REVASCULARIZATION

The aim of the research was to compare incidence of small complications after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) versus carotid artery stenting, as well as to evaluate its application in specific clinical situations. The outcomes of1826 patients who underwent surgery for stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) were analyzed. There were two groups: 1018 patients who underwent CEA and 808 patients who carried the stenting. Age of patients was greater and coronary heart disease, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease occurs more often in group with endovascular treatment, and they had rife stroke anamnesis. The mortality rate, uncontrolled hypertension and transient ischemic attacks were similar in early postoperative period. Stroke frequency was higher in patients with carotid artery stenting (35 (4,3 %) versus 27 patients (2,6 %) with CEA (p = 0,02)), and myocardial infarction took place more often after CEA (38 (3,7 %) versus 13 (1,6 %) patients with endovascular treatment (p = 0,008)). There was no statistically significant difference in security between CEA and stenting. However, treatment of carotid stenosis should be chosen according to individual characteristics, including individual anatomy

CEREBRAL REVASCULIZATION IN PATIENTS OF 70 YEARS AND OLDER

The aim of the work was to evaluate the perioperative management of aged patients after elective surgical cerebral revascularization. We analyzed the outcomes of 813 patients of 70 years and older who had surgery for stenosis of the internal carotid artery [ІСА]. There were two groups: 392 patients who had carotid endarterectomy [CEA] and 421 patients who had the stenting. Age of the patients, severity of disease and comorbidity were similar in both groups In aged patients, the incidence of acute disorders of cerebral circulation (stroke] after CEA was significantly lower than the one after stenting (p = 0,04]. Frequency of perioperative myocardial infarction [MI] was 3 times higher in cases with CEA (p = 0,03]. in patients of 70 years and older, CEA shown lower incidence of stroke, however, there is increase of perioperative MI while using this method. Endovascular treatment could be chosen in patients with severe cardiac disease according to atherosclerotic plaques with no risk of embolism. In addition, the individual approach and assessment of social aspect are necessary

Evolving optical polarisation of the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070

Aims. The optical emission of black hole transients increases by several magnitudes during the X-ray outbursts. Whether the extra light arises from the X-ray heated outer disc, from the inner hot accretion flow, or from the jet is currently debated. Optical polarisation measurements are able to distinguish the relative contributions of these components. Methods. We present the results of BVR polarisation measurements of the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070 during the period of March-April 2018. Results. We detect small, $\sim$0.7%, but statistically significant polarisation, part of which is of interstellar origin. Depending on the interstellar polarisation estimate, the intrinsic polarisation degree of the source is between $\sim$0.3% and 0.7%, and the polarisation position angle is between $\sim10\deg-30\deg$. We show that the polarisation increases after MJD 58222 (2018 April 14). The change is of the order of 0.1% and is most pronounced in the R band. The change of the source Stokes parameters occurs simultaneously with the drop of the observed V-band flux and a slow softening of the X-ray spectrum. The Stokes vectors of intrinsic polarisation before and after the drop are parallel, at least in the V and R filters. Conclusions. We suggest that the increased polarisation is due to the decreasing contribution of the non-polarized component, which we associate with the the hot flow or jet emission. The low polarisation can result from the tangled geometry of the magnetic field or from the Faraday rotation in the dense, ionised, and magnetised medium close to the black hole. The polarized optical emission is likely produced by the irradiated disc or by scattering of its radiation in the optically thin outflow.Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures, A&A in pres

Development of a technology for the preparation of a dry nutrient medium for anthrax vaccine production

Currently, submerged cultivation of the Bacillus anthracis STI-1 strain for live anthrax vaccine production requires liquid nutrient media, which have disadvantages of a short shelf life (no more than one month) and a narrow range of storage temperatures (2–8 °С). Dry media, in contrast, have a number of indisputable advantages: such media are transportable and easy to use, have a standard capability to retain properties, and can be stored without preservatives at 2–30 °С for 2–5 years. The aim of this work was to develop a technology for the preparation of a dry nutrient medium for anthrax vaccine production. Materials and methods: The study used the Bacillus anthracis STI-1 vaccine strain and a nutrient medium for its cultivation, containing a 70:30 mixture of an enzymatic digest of casein and a pre-processed corn extract solution. Drying of the nutrient medium was carried out on a spray-drying unit. The authors evaluated physicochemical parameters of experimental medium batches. The shelf life was determined by an accelerated stability study. The dry nutrient medium was used to produce a live anthrax vaccine. Quality attributes of the vaccine were assessed for compliance with regulatory requirements. Results: The authors developed the dry media production technology. According to it, the liquid nutrient medium is fed to the drying unit at a rate of 20–25 dm3/h. The spray air pressure is 0.02 MPa. Temperatures at the drying chamber inlet and outlet are 118–122 °С and 85–90 °С, respectively. The technology was used to obtain 3 experimental batches of the dry medium. The study results demonstrate that the technology is reproducible, and the tested quality attributes of experimental medium batches are consistent with the requirements. According to the accelerated stability study, the shelf life of the dry nutrient medium at 2–30 °С is at least 3 years. Experiments demonstrated the possibility of using the dry nutrient medium for live anthrax vaccine production. Critical quality attributes of the vaccine obtained with the medium met regulatory requirements. Conclusions: The developed technology allows for the production of a standard dry nutrient medium with a prolonged shelf life, which is convenient for live anthrax vaccine production

Возможности КТ-ангиографии нижней брыжеечной артерии при планировании резекций левой половины толстой кишки у пациентов с колоректальным раком

During laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer, vascular structures may be incorrectly identified and damaged due to ignorance of the variant anatomy of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), lack of tactile sensations, narrowed field of vision, which leads to complications such as massive bleeding and intestinal ischemia. Therefore, the preoperative study of the variant anatomy of the IMA is of paramount importance. Knowing the variant anatomy of the vessels before surgery, you can make an operation plan in advance, which will ensure fast and safe vascular ligation at the required level and lymph dissection.Aim: To develop a classification of IMA variability for practical use in operations for colorectal cancer. Optimize the standard abdominal scanning protocol to improve the accuracy of MSCT and the best visualization of the IMA and its branches.Material and methods. From February 2013 to March 2022, 214 computed tomograms (CT) of abdominal organs with intravenous contrast were analyzed. We studied the variant anatomy of the IMA. The abdominal cavity scanning protocol was optimized using a 100 kV tube voltage, the contrast density of the NBA and its branches was compared using standard and optimized scanning protocols during a retrospective analysis of 105 CT studies of abdominal organs.Results. We proposed the classification of structure of the IMA and its branches. This is especially important when the safe lymph node dissection along the IMA is necessary. I type – several colonic branches derivate from the IMA by independent trunks (54%); II type – all colon branches derivate from the IMA in one point like a “goose paw” (25%); III type – one colon branch departs from the IMA by a single trunk; then it divides into colonic branches (21%).The accuracy of MSCT of the abdominal organs with intravenous contrast, which was determined by comparing the results of studies with intraoperative data, was 97.9%. The sensitivity of the method is 95.8%, the specificity of the method is 100%.The use of a scanning protocol with a tube voltage of 100 kV makes it possible to simplify and speed up the determination of the anatomical type of structure, improve the visualization of the IMA and its branches.Conclusion. CT with 3D-reconstruction of vessels allows the surgeon to perform an extended LND for colorectal cancer with a minimal risk of complications.Во время лапароскопической операции по поводу колоректального рака сосудистые структуры могут быть неправильно идентифицированы и повреждены из-за незнания вариантной анатомии нижней брыжеечной артерии (НБА), отсутствия тактильных ощущений, суженного поля зрения, что приводит к таким осложнениям, как массивное кровотечение и ишемия кишечника. Следовательно, предоперационное изучение вариантной анатомии НБА имеет первостепенное значение. Зная вариантную анатомию сосудов перед операцией, можно заранее составить план операции, что обеспечит быструю и безопасную перевязку сосудов на требуемом уровне и лимфодиссекцию.Цель исследования: разработать классификацию вариабельности НБА для практического применения при операциях по поводу колоректального рака. Оптимизировать стандартный протокол сканирования брюшной полости для повышения точности МСКТ и наилучшей визуализации НБА и ее ветвей.Материал и методы. С февраля 2013 г. по март 2022 г. проанализировано 214 компьютерных томограмм органов брюшной полости с внутривенным контрастированием. Изучили вариантную анатомию НБА. Оптимизировали протокол сканирования органов брюшной полости с использованием напряжения трубки 100 кВ, сравнили плотность контрастирования НБА и ее ветвей при использовании стандартного и оптимизированного протоколов сканирования при ретроспективном анализе 105 КТ-исследований органов брюшной полости.Результат. Нами была предложена классификация строения НБА и ее ветвей. Данная классификация очень важна при выполнении лимфодиссекции вдоль основного ствола НБА. Тип I – несколько толстокишечных ветвей отходили от НБА отдельными стволами (54%); тип II – все толстокишечные ветви отходят от НБА из одной точки в виде “гусиной лапки” (25%); тип III – от НБА отходит единственный ствол, который на своем протяжении делится на толстокишечные ветви (21%).Точность МСКТ органов брюшной полости с внутривенным контрастированием, которая определялась путем сравнения результатов исследований с интраоперационными данными, составила 97,9%, чувствительность метода – 95,8%, специфичность – 100%.Использование протокола сканирования с напряжением трубки 100 кВ позволяет упростить и ускорить определение анатомического типа строения, улучшить визуализацию НБА и ее ветвей.Заключение. КТ с 3D-реконструкцией сосудов позволяет хирургу выполнить расширенную лимфодиссекцию при колоректальном раке с минимальным риском осложнений

Spectroscopic Study of Solvent Effects on the Electronic Absorption Spectra of Flavone and 7-Hydroxyflavone in Neat and Binary Solvent Mixtures

The solvatochromic characteristics of flavone and 7-hydroxyflavone were investigated in neat and binary solvent mixtures. The spectral shifts of these solutes were correlated with the Kamlet and Taft parameters (α, β and π*) using linear solvation energy relationships. The multiparametric analysis indicates that both specific hydrogen bond donor ability and non-specific dipolar interactions of the solvents play an important role in absorption maxima of flavone in pure solvents. The hydrogen bond acceptor ability of the solvent was the main parameter affecting the absorption maxima of 7-hydroxyflavone. The simulated absorption spectra using a TD-DFT method were in good agreement with the experimental ones for both flavones. Index of preferential solvation was calculated as a function of solvent composition. Preferential solvation by ethanol was detected in cyclohexane-ethanol and acetonitrile-ethanol mixtures for flavone and in acetonitrile-ethanol mixtures for 7-hydroxyflavone. These results indicate that intermolecular hydrogen bonds between solute and solvent are responsible for the non-linear variation of the solvatochromic shifts on the mole fraction of ethanol in the analyzed binary mixtures

Изучение электрофизиологических механизмов действия соединения ЛМГ-124

In vitro experiments performed on the isolated rats hippocampal neurons, the antiarrhythmic activity electrophysiological mechanisms of the complex compound LMG-124 containing an antiarrhythmic agent of the class I by Vaughan Williams, Lappaconitine hydrobromide, were studied. As the reference preparation, a prototype, Lappaconitine hydrobromide, was used. The electrical activity of the neurons was recorded by the patch-clamp method in the whole cell configuration. It is shown that the compound LMG-124 effectively inhibits the fast incoming Na+ current flowing through transmembrane potential-dependent fast Na+ channels. This effect of the LMG-124 connection is realized at the level of the open Na+ channel. As follows from the data obtained, the LMG-124 compound, in contrast to Lappaconitine hydrobromide, blocks not only Na+ channels, but also partially and K+ channels, so that it can be attributed to antiarrhythmic drugs potentially possessing anti-arrhythmic properties of the Ia class by Vaughan classification Williams.В экспериментах in vitro, выполненных на изолированных нейронах гиппокампа крыс, изучали электрофизиологические механизмы, лежащие в основе антиаритмической активности комплексного соединения ЛМГ-124, содержащего в своём составе антиаритмическое средство IС класса классификации Vaughan Williams - лаппаконитина гидробромид. В качестве препарата сравнения использовали прототип - лаппаконитина гидробромид. Электрическую активность нейронов регистрировали методом patch-clamp в конфигурации whole cell. Показано, что соединение ЛМГ-124 эффективно ингибирует быстрый входящий Na+ ток, протекающий через трансмембранные потенциал-зависимые быстрые Na+ каналы. Этот эффект соединения ЛМГ-124 реализуется на уровне открытого Na+ канала. Как следует из полученных данных, соединение ЛМГ-124, в отличие от лаппаконитина гидробромида, блокирует не только Na+ каналы, но частично и К+ каналы, в силу чего его можно отнести к антиаритмическим лекарственным средствам, потенциально обладающим свойствами антиаритмиков Ia класса, по классификации Vaughan Williams

Разработка технологии приготовления сухой питательной среды для производства сибиреязвенной вакцины

Currently, submerged cultivation of the Bacillus anthracis STI-1 strain for live anthrax vaccine production requires liquid nutrient media, which have disadvantages of a short shelf life (no more than one month) and a narrow range of storage temperatures (2–8 °С). Dry media, in contrast, have a number of indisputable advantages: such media are transportable and easy to use, have a standard capability to retain properties, and can be stored without preservatives at 2–30 °С for 2–5 years. The aim of this work was to develop a technology for the preparation of a dry nutrient medium for anthrax vaccine production. Materials and methods: The study used the Bacillus anthracis STI-1 vaccine strain and a nutrient medium for its cultivation, containing a 70:30 mixture of an enzymatic digest of casein and a pre-processed corn extract solution. Drying of the nutrient medium was carried out on a spray-drying unit. The authors evaluated physicochemical parameters of experimental medium batches. The shelf life was determined by an accelerated stability study. The dry nutrient medium was used to produce a live anthrax vaccine. Quality attributes of the vaccine were assessed for compliance with regulatory requirements. Results: The authors developed the dry media production technology. According to it, the liquid nutrient medium is fed to the drying unit at a rate of 20–25 dm3/h. The spray air pressure is 0.02 MPa. Temperatures at the drying chamber inlet and outlet are 118–122 °С and 85–90 °С, respectively. The technology was used to obtain 3 experimental batches of the dry medium. The study results demonstrate that the technology is reproducible, and the tested quality attributes of experimental medium batches are consistent with the requirements. According to the accelerated stability study, the shelf life of the dry nutrient medium at 2–30 °С is at least 3 years. Experiments demonstrated the possibility of using the dry nutrient medium for live anthrax vaccine production. Critical quality attributes of the vaccine obtained with the medium met regulatory requirements. Conclusions: The developed technology allows for the production of a standard dry nutrient medium with a prolonged shelf life, which is convenient for live anthrax vaccine production.В настоящее время при производстве вакцины сибиреязвенной живой для глубинного выращивания штамма Bacillus anthracis СТИ-1 используется жидкая питательная среда, недостатками которой являются малый срок годности — не более одного месяца и узкий диапазон температуры ее хранения: от 2 до 8 °С. Сухие питательные среды (ПС) обладают рядом неоспоримых преимуществ: их можно хранить от 2 до 5 лет при температуре от 2 до 30 °С без консервантов; они транспортабельны, удобны в применении и стандартны в сохранении свойств. Цель работы: разработка технологии приготовления сухой ПС для производства сибиреязвенной вакцины. Материалы и методы: в исследованиях использовали вакцинный штамм B. anthracis СТИ-1 и ПС, состоящую из смеси ферментативного гидролизата казеина и раствора обработанного кукурузного экстракта в соотношении 70 и 30%, для культивирования сибиреязвенного микроба. Обезвоживание ПС осуществляли на установке распылительного типа. Экспериментальные серии сухой ПС оценивали по физико-химическим показателям на соответствие требованиям нормативной документации. Срок годности определяли методом «ускоренного старения». С использованием сухой ПС готовили вакцину сибиреязвенную живую и проводили оценку показателей качества препарата на соответствие требованиям нормативной документации. Результаты: разработана технология приготовления сухой ПС (скорость подачи ПС на сушку от 20 до 25 дм3/ч, давление сжатого воздуха в распылителе 0,02 МПа, температура воздуха на входе в сушильную камеру от 118 до 122 °С, температура воздуха на выходе — от 85 до 90 °С). По этой технологии получены 3 серии экспериментальной сухой ПС. Показано, что разработанная технология воспроизводима, а экспериментальные серии сухой ПС по изученным показателям отвечают предъявляемым требованиям. Срок годности сухой ПС, установленный с использованием метода «ускоренного старения», не менее 3 лет при температуре хранения от 2 до 30 °С. Экспериментально подтверждена возможность использования сухой ПС в технологии производства сибиреязвенной вакцины. Приготовленный препарат по основным показателям качества отвечает требованиям нормативной документации. Выводы: разработанная технология позволяет получить сухую ПС стандартную с увеличенным сроком хранения и удобную при использовании в производстве вакцины сибиреязвенной живой

Optical polarimetry: Methods, Instruments and Calibration Techniques

In this chapter we present a brief summary of methods, instruments and calibration techniques used in modern astronomical polarimetry in the optical wavelengths. We describe the properties of various polarization devices and detectors used for optical broadband, imaging and spectropolarimetry, and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. The necessity of a proper calibration of the raw polarization data is emphasized and methods of the determination and subtraction of instrumental polarization are considered. We also present a few examples of high-precision measurements of optical polarization of black hole X-ray binaries and massive binary stars made with our DiPol-2 polarimeter, which allowed us to constrain the sources of optical emission in black hole X-ray binaries and measure orbital parameters of massive stellar binaries.Comment: 33 pages, 14 figure; to be published in Astrophysics and Space Science Library 460, Astronomical Polarisation from the Infrared to Gamma Ray

Software for the frontiers of quantum chemistry:An overview of developments in the Q-Chem 5 package

This article summarizes technical advances contained in the fifth major release of the Q-Chem quantum chemistry program package, covering developments since 2015. A comprehensive library of exchange–correlation functionals, along with a suite of correlated many-body methods, continues to be a hallmark of the Q-Chem software. The many-body methods include novel variants of both coupled-cluster and configuration-interaction approaches along with methods based on the algebraic diagrammatic construction and variational reduced density-matrix methods. Methods highlighted in Q-Chem 5 include a suite of tools for modeling core-level spectroscopy, methods for describing metastable resonances, methods for computing vibronic spectra, the nuclear–electronic orbital method, and several different energy decomposition analysis techniques. High-performance capabilities including multithreaded parallelism and support for calculations on graphics processing units are described. Q-Chem boasts a community of well over 100 active academic developers, and the continuing evolution of the software is supported by an “open teamware” model and an increasingly modular design