Synteza bloków budulcowych dla farmacji i chemii metodą katalizy heterogenicznej w układzie nano-Pd/Cu

Praca realizowana w ramach grantu „ORGANOMET” Nr PBS2/A5/40/2014. Autor otrzymał stypendium w ramach projektu DoktoRIS – Program stypendialny na rzecz innowacyjnego Śląska - współfinansowanego przez Unię Europejską w ramach Europejskiego Funduszu SpołecznegoNanocatalytic system has been investigated in synthesis of selected compounds with potential application in pharmacy and chemistry. The study goal was to determinate the catalytic activity of various bimetallic materials consisting of Pd nanoparticles on the target carriers, such as Ag, AgO, Cu, CuO, Ni. The assays were performed in Sonogashira coupling as a model reaction. This allowed to select the active catalyst, i.e., nanosized palladium particles dispersed on the electrolytic copper (PdNPs/Cu). The method for the preparation of the catalyst and its modification was investigated. In a series of further studies different types of reactions using PdNPs/Cu catalyst were tested. The results that were obtained show high activity of the studied catalyst in the reactions of terminal alkynes with halogen derivatives. The examples of such reactions are: Sonogashira and Cadiota-Chodkiewicz cross coupling and cycloaddition azide-alkyne. In the course of the studies, a potential factors affecting high catalytic activity PdNPs/Cu were identified. Sonogashira coupling products were used for the preparation of the new styrylquinolines which have been described as new group of fluorescent dyes suitable for microscopic imaging of biological structures. The structure of all compound was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR, ESI-MS analyses, while the purity of a compound was confirmed by: ED-XRF, ICP-MS, HPLC. The obtained catalysts were characterized by means of XPS, TEM, SEM + EDX, XRD

Live cell imaging by 3-imino-(2-phenol)-1,8-naphthalimides : the effect of ex vivo hydrolysis

A series of 3-amino-N-substituted-1,8-naphthalimides and their salicylic Schiff base derivatives were synthesized. The structure of the obtained compounds was confirmed using 1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis and COSY and HMQC for the representative molecules. The photophysical (UV–Vis, PL) and biological properties of all of the prepared compounds were studied. It was found that the amine with the nhexyl group in EtOH had the highest PL quantumyield (Ф=85%) compared to the others.Moreover, the chelating properties of the azomethines with the n-hexyl group (1a, 1b, 1c) were tested against various cations (Al3+, Ba2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, Fe2+, Fe3+,Mn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Sr2+ and Zn2+) in an acetonitrile, acetone and PBS/AC mixture. Compounds that contained the electron withdrawing groups (-Br, -I) had the ability to chelate most of the studied cations, while the unsubstituted derivative chelated only the trivalent cations such as Al3+, Cr3+ and Fe3+ in acetonitrile. The effect of the environment on the keto-enol tautomeric equilibrium was also demonstrated, especially in the case of the derivativewith a bromine atom. The biological studies showed that the tested molecules had no cytotoxicity. Additionally, the ability to image intracellular organelles such as the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum was revealed. The crucial role of the hydrolysis of imines for cellular imaging was presented

MODERN LAMINATE COMPOSITE DESIGNED FOR AIRCRAFT CONSTRUCTION

The article presents modern laminate composites designed for aircraft structural elements based on ECC e461 symmetric fabric and Interglas 02037 symmetric fabric with MGS L285/H285 resin. These composites differ in the weave used and the type of fabric. The article presents basic strength parameters of the composite obtained as a result of stand tests. The results of compressive strength tests of the material samples are presented. It was shown that the weave of the fabric significantly affects the strength parameters of the composite. The change of the weave caused the increase in strength by more than 65%. The possibilities of application of this material on selected structural elements of aircraft such as: propeller blade plating, masts, shavings, pylons

Theoretical and experimental investigations of large stokes shift fluorophores based on a quinoline scaffold

A series of novel styrylquinolines with the benzylidene imine moiety were synthesized and spectroscopically characterized for their applicability in cellular staining. The spectroscopic study revealed absorption in the ultraviolet–visible region (360–380 nm) and emission that covered the blue-green range of the light (above 500 nm). The fluorescence quantum yields were also determined, which amounted to 0.079 in the best-case scenario. The structural features that are behind these values are also discussed. An analysis of the spectroscopic properties and the theoretical calculations indicated the charge-transfer character of an emission, which was additionally evaluated using the Lippert–Mataga equation. Changes in geometry in the ground and excited states, which had a significant influence on the emission process, are also discussed. Additionally, the capability of the newly synthesized compounds for cellular staining was also investigated. These small molecules could effectively penetrate through the cellular membrane. Analyses of the images that were obtained with several of the tested styrylquinolines indicated their accumulation in organelles such as the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum

Obesity of children and adults - pandemic of the 21st century

Objective: The aim of the study was to draw attention to the problem of overweight and obesity among children and adults. Another important aspect of this article was to indicate the need of promotion a healthy lifestyle as a way to reduce body weight.  Methods: Available literature was reviewed for the purpose of writing this article. Using keywords such as obesity, overweight, pandemics, diet, lifestyle, chronic diseases, metabolic disorders- PubMed was searched. Results: The incidence of overweight and obesity is constantly increasing. This phenomenon is observed all over the world. Obesity has become a pandemic of the 21st century. Consumption of unhealthy, highly processed food is increasing these days. In addition, sedentary lifestyle is very popular. Lifestyle and diet changes are the main causes of this pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 virus also had an impact on the development of the obesity and overweight pandemic. Obesity affects the quality of life and causes many chronic diseases. The effects on the community are also significant. Obesity and related diseases like diabetes, ischemic heart disease, heart attacks, asthma result in high health care costs. Conclusion: The percentage of overweight and obese people around the world is increasing. It is necessary to promote healthy eating, active lifestyle and look for alternative ways to reduce the scale of overweight and obesity problem

Effects of the ketogenic diet on multiple sclerosis with a focus on the paediatric population

Introduction and Purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that damages the nervous system. Although MS is usually diagnosed in adults, it can also occur in children and adolescents, which presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. In recent years, attention has been drawn to the role of diet in alleviating MS symptoms, including in the pediatric population. The ketogenic diet, characterized by low carbohydrate intake, high fat intake, and moderate protein intake, is of interest as an additional therapeutic approach in MS due to its effects on metabolism and reduction of inflammation in the body.   Materials and methods: This article reviews the literature on the impact of the ketogenic diet on MS, with particular emphasis on its impact on the course of MS in the pediatric population. Articles were searched by key words, e.g. multiple sclerosis, paediatrics, children, diet, ketogenic diet, in various configurations, in Scopus, Medline, Google Scholar databases.   Current state of knowledge: While there are several studies on the effects of the ketogenic diet, including those on MS in children, the results are inconclusive and require further research. Some publications suggest that the ketogenic diet can help alleviate MS symptoms, such as problems with balance and coordination, and improve patients' quality of life.   Conclusions: In conclusion, the ketogenic diet may be a promising approach in the treatment of pediatric MS, but requires further research and careful assessment of benefits and risks before its introduction into therapy

Gut microbiota disorders in obesity and colorectal cancer

Obesity and related diseases such as colorectal cancer are an important clinical problem in highly developed countries. In this article, the relationship between the occurrence of these diseases and the gut microbiome is presented on the basis of scientific research. The gut microbiome increases the energy value of consumed meals by breaking down to simpler substances not digested by human enzymes, and is involved in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism in the body. A proper microbiota influences the formation of SCFAs, or short-chain fatty acids, which have a protective effect on intestinal cells.  Intestinal dysbiosis affects endotoxaemia and inflammation, which accompanies cancer and obesity

Screening and detection of posture defects in children

With the increasing incidence of posture defects in children and adolescents, screening of children's postures in early school periods and in the second stage of education, which is carried out, among others during routine visits to the doctor and during the balance sheet examination, is gaining significance. Early detection of the defect, at the stage of functional changes, enables full recovery, using non-invasive methods, prevents the formation of secondary changes and protects against their consequences, which significantly improves the comfort and quality of life in adulthoo

The effect of red wine consumption on health

Introduction and purpose of the study: The impact of red wine consumption on the human body has been the case of research by many scientists. The aim of this study is to review the literature, present the most important research findings, and summarize the current knowledge about wine and other alcoholic beverages consumption. Methodology and materials: A review of the available literature in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using keywords such as "red wine," "cardiovascular disease," "red wine’’ and ‘’health benefits." State of knowledge: Red wine is an alcohol containing many active flavonoid and non-flavonoid substances that have multi-directional effects, including functioning as natural "sweepers" of free radicals. Ethanol itself, in moderate amounts, exhibits certain cardioprotective effects. Summary: Numerous studies indicate a positive effect of moderate red wine consumption in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. It has also been shown to reduce the risk of death regardless of the cause

Chronic sinusitis diagnosis and treatment

The growing popularity and use of endoscopic surgery in the field of otolaryngology prompts an attempt to organize knowledge about possible methods of surgery in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Chronic sinusitis is an inflammatory process involving the mucous membrane of the paranasal sinuses, lasting more than 12 weeks. The system of fissures in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity is an ostiomal ductal complex, the obstruction of which is the direct cause of chronic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. FESS is a modern method in which access to the paranasal sinuses is obtained through the nasal cavity. The aim of the procedure is to widen, above all, too narrow sections of the middle meatus and the orifice-ductal complex. Compared to traditional methods, it is less invasive, allows you to regain the proper function of the maxillary sinus and, moreover, allows you to correct a deviated nasal septum, remove or reduce overgrown turbinates during one operation using the same access. Although traditional methods of surgery are still used in some groups of patients, modern minimally invasive endoscopic surgery strongly limits their use and becomes the method of first choice. Method: The literature was reviewed using the Pub med search engine and Google scholar using the words: Chronic nasal sinusitis, reasons of chronic nasal sinusitis, FESS, acute nasal sinusitis, nasal sinusitis radiology