Relationship between bicarbonate retention and bone characteristics in broiler chickens

Determination of the bicarbonate retention factor (BRF) is an important step during development of the indicator amino acid oxidation technique for use in a new model. A series of 4-h oxidation experiments were performed to determine the BRF of broilers aged 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 d using 4 birds per age group. A priming dose of 1.2 mu Ci of (NaHCO3)-C-14, followed by eight half-hourly doses of 1 mu Ci of (NaHCO3)-C-14 were given orally to each of 4 birds per age. The percentage of 14 C dose expired by the bird at a steady state was measured. These birds, as well as 12 additional birds matched for age and BW, were killed, and femur bone mineral density was measured by quantitative computed tomography to determine the relationship between bone development and bicarbonate retention at each age. There was a correlation (r = 0.50; P < 0.05) between total cross-sectional femur bone mineral density and bicarbonate retention at each age. A prediction equation (Y = 6.95 x 10(-2) X - 3.51 x 10(5)X(2) + 27.58; P < 0.0001, R-2 = 0.79) where Y = bicarbonate retention and X = BW was generated to predict Y as a function of X. Bicarbonate retention values peaked at 28 d, during the stage of the most rapid bone deposition and the highest growth rate. A constant BRF was found from 1,900 to 2,700 g of BW of 35.15 +/- 1.095% (mean SEM). This retention factor will allow the accurate correction of oxidation of C-14-labeled substrates in broilers of different ages and BW in future indicator amino acid oxidation studies

Checklist of the New Zealand flora : seed plants

INTRODUCTION: The scientific names of plants “provide a means of reference to facilitate communication about those organisms” (Turland 2013). Established over 300 years ago, the process of naming plants is today governed by the International Code of Nomenclature, with the names themselves anchored by a type specimen. In this electronic age the names remain a vital means of accessing and sharing information. As a result of new scientific research our understanding of plant species is constantly evolving, with old hypotheses being tested and new hypotheses of relationship being inferred as our knowledge improves. This expansion of our knowledge frequently leads to changes in the application of names and the publication of new names. A comprehensive list of names, including accepted names and their synonyms, and the relationship between names and their application, is important for anyone wanting to access and manage biological information. At the Allan Herbarium (CHR), Manaaki Whenua — Landcare Research, the New Zealand Plant Names Database (PND) provides a contemporary account of the names of New Zealand indigenous and naturalised plants. The PND lists nearly 50,000 scientific names, primarily for hornworts, lichens, liverworts, mosses, ferns and seed plants in New Zealand, as well as some information for freshwater algae and our cultivated flora. The PND indicates which of the names are preferred for use at the Allan Herbarium, and provides information on the authorship and biostatus of the taxa. In addition to the scientific names, the PND is also used to record taxonomic concepts and associated literature, and vernacular and Māori names. The data in the PND are continuously curated and updated. The updated data are published twice weekly to Ngā Tipu o Aotearoa – New Zealand Plants website (http://nzflora.landcareresearch.co.nz). The changes in the data are also summarised in quarterly reports that are published to the Manaaki Whenua — Landcare Research Datastore (http://datastore.landcareresearch.co.nz/organization/plant-names-database-reports)