Challenges and opportunities for energy recovery from municipal solid waste in the Russian Federation

Energy recovery from municipal solid waste (MSW) is currently a key factor in waste management in Russia, as can be seen from the corresponding changes in the state regulatory framework. The paper presents a comparative assessment of different waste flow characteristics; it focuses on pre-treatment options and the method of subsequent thermal treatment. It reflects the basic method of untreated MSW incineration and other advanced technologies which have different levels of waste preparation. Step-by-step research has been carried out in a large Russian city in order to determine different technological approaches to recovering energy from MSW. The study included: 1) field studies of the composition and characterization of MSW; 2) laboratory studies of MSW thermal properties, i.e. moisture, ash content and calorific value; 3) several options for waste treatment schemes with equipment of different technical specifications; 4) analysis of material flow, energy flow and key substance flow according to these considered schemes. The research revealed that for all seasons a significant proportion of MSW (almost 40%) is represented by fines (below 50 mm). On average, the energy potential of MSW (the total content of waste paper, polymers, textiles, wood, multilayer packaging, leather, rubber, footwear) amounts to about 40%. It was found that MSW calorific value depends on fraction size, since screening (over 50 mm) is characterized by high moisture and low content of valuable components, compared to MSW greater than 50 mm in size. Pre-processing and treatment of MSW allows solid recovered fuel (SRF) to be obtained with a calorific value similar to brown coal. The energy balance of the process allows the conclusion that 33.8% of initial MSW energy potential is concentrated in residues from the sorting process, since it has a relatively low calorific value of 4.8 MJ/kg, but a high mass fraction of 47.9%. In the process of MSW treatment and solid fuel production, most of the chlorine and mercury (80% and 55% respectively) is removed by the rest of the sorting process. The data obtained in the study can be used in selecting the optimal option for energy recovery from MSW. © 2019 WIT PressACKNOWLEDGEMENT The work was supported by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, contract № 02.A 03.21.0006

Results of the Baikal experiment on observations of macroscopic nonlocal correlations in reverse time

Although the general theory macroscopic quantum entanglement of is still in its infancy, consideration of the matter in the framework of action-at-a distance electrodynamics predicts for the random dissipative processes observability of the advanced nonlocal correlations. These correlations were really revealed in our previous experiments with some large-scale heliogeophysical processes as the source ones and the lab detectors as the probe ones. Recently a new experiment has been performing on the base of Baikal Deep Water Neutrino Observatory. The thick water layer is an excellent shield against any local impacts on the detectors. The first annual series 2012/2013 has demonstrated that detector signals respond to the heliogeophysical processes and causal connection of the signals directed downwards: from the Earth surface to the Baikal floor. But this nonlocal connection proved to be in reverse time. In addition advanced nonlocal correlation of the detector signal with the regional source-process: the random component of hydrological activity in the upper layer was revealed and the possibility of its forecast on nonlocal correlations was demonstrated. But the strongest macroscopic nonlocal correlations are observed at extremely low frequencies, that is at periods of several months. Therefore the above results should be verified in a longer experiment. We verify them by data of the second annual series 2013/2014 of the Baikal experiment. All the results have been confirmed, although some quantitative parameters of correlations and time reversal causal links turned out different due to nonstationarity of the source-processes. A new result is displaying of the advanced response of nonlocal correlation detector to the earthquake. This opens up the prospect of the earthquake forecast on the new physical principle, although further confirmation in the next events is certainly needed.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure

Particulate Backscattering Ratio at Leo 15 and Its Use to Study Particle Composition and Distribution

Particulate scattering and backscattering are two quantities that have traditionally been used to quantify in situ particulate concentration. The ratio of the backscattering by particles to total scattering by particles (the particulate backscattering ratio) is weakly dependent on concentration and therefore provides us with information on the characteristics of the particulate material, such as the index of refraction. The index of refraction is an indicator of the bulk particulate composition, as inorganic minerals have high indices of refraction relative to oceanic organic particles such as phytoplankton and detrital material that typically have a high water content. We use measurements collected near the Rutgers University Long-term Ecosystem Observatory in 15 m of water in the Mid-Atlantic Bight to examine application of the backscattering ratio. Using four different instruments, the HOBILabs Hydroscat-6, the WETLabs ac-9 and EcoVSF, and a prototype VSF meter, three estimates of the ratio of the particulate backscattering ratio were obtained and found to compare well. This is remarkable because these are new instruments with large differences in design and calibration. The backscattering ratio is used to map different types of particles in the nearshore region, suggesting that it may act as a tracer of water movement. We find a significant relationship between the backscattering ratio and the ratio of chlorophyll to beam attenuation. This implies that these more traditional measurements may be used to identify when phytoplankton or inorganic particles dominate. In addition, it provides an independent confirmation of the link between the backscattering ratio and the bulk composition of particles

FORECAST OF SOLAR AND GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY ON THE MACROSCOPIC NONLOCALITY EFFECT

The macroscopic nonlocality effect appears as correlation of the irreversible processes without any local carriers of interaction. For the random processes there are, besides retarded correlation, unusual advanced one. The long-term experiments with the detectors, containing insulated probe-processes and largescale natural source-processes with big random component have been revealed the advanced correlations. It allowed to put forward the problem of the use of nonlocal correlations for the forecast of some natural processes. This problem has been solved and demonstrated by the series of the long-term solar and geomagnetic forecasts

The requirements for qualification of teaching staff of the system of secondary professional education and the results of their training

Рассматриваются региональные особенности, актуальные требования, зафиксированные в профессиональном стандарте и ФГОС ВО, перспективы развития профессионально-педагогической деятельности в среднем профессиональном образованииThis article discusses the regional peculiarities, actual requirements set forth in the professional standard and GEF, prospects for the development of vocational pedagogical activity in secondary vocational educatio

Highly diastereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nonstabilized azomethine ylides to 3-nitro-2-trihalomethyl-2H-chromenes: Synthesis of 1-benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyrrolidines

Reactions of 3-nitro-2-trifluoro(trichloro)methyl-2H-chromenes, including 2-unsubstituted derivatives, with N-alkyl-α-amino acids (sarcosine, proline) and paraformaldehyde proceed diastereoselectively to give 1-benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyrrolidines in good yields as a result of a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the intermediate nonstabilized azomethine ylide at the Δ3-bond of the chromene system. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Methods of labor economy increasing in educational organization

The urgency of problem under investigation due to fact that increasing demand of the information technology infrastructure development in current conditions of educational institutions functioning, including formation of the information-educational environment point of view. Offered organizational and economic model of constructing processes for software development is based on agile project management, regarded as an object-oriented tool for optimizing labor economics. The purpose of article is in model for labor economy processes optimization as a part of software development based on agile project management methodology in departments associated with development of information technologies in educational organization. The leading method to the problem study is in measurement of labor economics key indicators, including specific metrics of technical expert’s human capital growth. As an experimental base of research are considered educational organizations, at different times, using classical approach for software development and agile project management. The article presents research results of educational organizations departments engaged in project activities for development of information technologies, which are in the development of software products using classical approach for software development and agile project management. Article submissions may be useful to create a culture for constructing labor economics and human capital system based on sustainable growth in departments of educational institutions working in the field of information technology. © 2016 Dorozhkin et al

Developed and developing countries: towards the common target with different speeds

Objective: to analyze the expected economic transformations in the 21st century in various countries of the world. Methods: abstract-logical method, methods of modeling of socio-economic self-organization, methods of long-term forecasting of world dynamics, theory of institutional matrices.Results: based on the performed analysis, the following conclusions are made: 1) in the coming decades, a complex continuum of types, transitions, combinations and forms of economic structures will be observed in the world (with an increase in the proportion of post-industrial forms). At the same time, there will be a shift towards strengthening distributive institutions in developed countries and a shift towards strengthening market institutions in developing countries that continue the processes of economic and socio-political modernization; 2) the process of internationalization of the labor force will be intensified (due to the development of remote employment) along with the internationalization of capital; 3) a new technological wave (2030s – 2070s) will bring new resources and expand the sphere for production and services, which will support economic growth in both developed and developing countries; 4) at the same time in some areas, in particular in medicine, a very significant regulation of economic activity is inevitable, while in other areas, in particular in robotics, economic mechanisms of a market-corporate type may strengthen; 5) thus, the most important task in the coming decades is to increase the flexibility of socio-economic development of all countries of the world, namely, gaining the ability to regulate the ratio of market and distribution mechanisms depending on the spheres of activity and tasks to be solved without the pressure of ideological dogmas.Scientific novelty: based on the historical trends analysis using the theory of institutional matrices, a forecast of economic transformations in the 21st century is made for the countries of various types and the expected features of these transformations are substantiated.Practical significance: the proposed methods of long-term forecasting can be used in strategic planning systems in the Russian Federation

Impact of hydrocarbon drilling mud on mud motor elastomers at different temperatures

The paper describes the experimental research of hydrocarbon drilling mud impact on engineering parameters of mud motor elastomer samples. It is believed to be urgent due to an increase in using mud motors in oil and gas well construction now, and the issue of intense exploitation is currently topical. The test results of elastomer IRP- 1226 dependent on the temperature are shown in the paper. It is proved that the hydrocarbon drilling muds have a significant impact on wearing of mud motors elastomers under the condition of a temperature increase