The Importance of L.S. Vygotsky’s and A.R. Luria’s Ideas in the Study of ‘Twice Exceptional’ Children

The article highlights the importance of ‘twice exceptionality’ studies and the significance of L.S. Vygotsky and A.R. Luria’s ideas for this research. Twice exceptional children combine the signs of giftedness with one or several mental disabilities, specific learning difficulties, etc. In our research, we analyzed the developmentof writing skills in three groups of school children with different variants of mental functions development, distinguished on the basis of neuropsychological characteristics. The use of the original method of recording movements while writing, combined with a neuropsychological assessment of children allowed revealing the dependence of writing parameters and their dynamics on the strength and weakness of the components involved in the functional system of writing. According to the results obtained, each group has its own pattern of the following parameters: time, writing quality and errors, explained by the primary weakness in the child’sfunctional system of writing and compensatory restructuring. A comparative analysis of analytical and holistic strategies use in reading was also conducted. Keywords: ‘twice-exceptional children’, mental functions development desynchrony, neuropsychological analysis, difficulties and specific errors in writing

A novel long non-coding natural antisense RNA is a negative regulator of Nos1 gene expression

Long non-coding natural antisense transcripts (NATs) are widespread in eukaryotic species. Although recent studies indicate that long NATs are engaged in the regulation of gene expression, the precise functional roles of the vast majority of them are unknown. Here we report that a long NAT (Mm-antiNos1 RNA) complementary to mRNA encoding the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase (Nos1) is expressed in the mouse brain and is transcribed from the non-template strand of the Nos1 locus. Nos1 produces nitric oxide (NO), a major signaling molecule in the CNS implicated in many important functions including neuronal differentiation and memory formation. We show that the newly discovered NAT negatively regulates Nos1 gene expression. Moreover, our quantitative studies of the temporal expression profiles of Mm-antiNos1 RNA in the mouse brain during embryonic development and postnatal life indicate that it may be involved in the regulation of NO-dependent neurogenesis

AGE-DEPENDENT DYNAMICS OF COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN PRIMARY SCHOOLCHILDREN WITH DEFICIT OF AROUSAL REGULATION

The article presents the analysis of age peculiarities of cognitive test performance in children with deficit function of arousal regulation. 173 primary school children participated in this study. We used the neuropsychological assessment and computer-based tests to show relation between different types of the deficit of arousal regulation (slowness or hyperactivity) and deterioration of indices of cognitive functions

On-chip coherent detection with quantum limited sensitivity

While single photon detectors provide superior intensity sensitivity, spectral resolution is usually lost after the detection event. Yet for applications in low signal infrared spectroscopy recovering information about the photon’s frequency contributions is essential. Here we use highly efficient waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detectors for on-chip coherent detection. In a single nanophotonic device, we demonstrate both single-photon counting with up to 86% on-chip detection efficiency, as well as heterodyne coherent detection with spectral resolution f/∆f exceeding 1011. By mixing a local oscillator with the single photon signal field, we observe frequency modulation at the intermediate frequency with ultra-low local oscillator power in the femto-Watt range. By optimizing the nanowire geometry and the working parameters of the detection scheme, we reach quantum-limited sensitivity. Our approach enables to realize matrix integrated heterodyne nanophotonic devices in the C-band wavelength range, for classical and quantum optics applications where single-photon counting as well as high spectral resolution are required simultaneously

Effect of the wire width on the intrinsic detection efficiency of superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors

Thorough spectral study of the intrinsic single-photon detection efficiency in superconducting TaN and NbN nanowires with different widths shows that the experimental cut-off in the efficiency at near-infrared wavelengths is most likely caused by the local deficiency of Cooper pairs available for current transport. For both materials the reciprocal cut-off wavelength scales with the wire width whereas the scaling factor quantitatively agrees with the hot-spot detection models. Comparison of the experimental data with vortex-assisted detection scenarios shows that these models predict a stronger dependence of the cut-off wavelength on the wire width.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figure

Studies of the Chemical and Structural Heterogeneity of the Technological Model of the Fusion Boundary of Pearlitic Steel and the Material of the Anticorrosive Cladding of VVER

The properties of ingots of variable chemical composition are investigated. The ingots simulated the fusion boundary of heterogeneous steels of pearlitic and austenitic grade, used as structural for VVER-type reactors. The distribution of chemical elements and hardness, microstructure was studied. The phase composition of the ingots was studied using thermodynamic modeling. It was found that the distribution of alloying elements, hardness and phase composition is nonlinear. In ingots, a zone of a sudden change in hardness was detected, from 350 HB to 150 HB, ingot 1, and from 250 HB to 160 HB, ingot 2. A study of the phase composition and microstructure showed that at a ratio of the austenite phase to the ferritic (71-76)% to (29-24)%, a sharp change in hardness is observed. Keywords: heterogeneous welded joints and cladding, fusion boundary, technological modeling, thermodynamic modeling