Akım Potansiyeli Tanımı İle Yeraltı Suyu Problemlerine Örnek Çözümler

Konferans Bildirisi-- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Teorik ve Uygulamalı Mekanik Türk Milli Komitesi, 2017Conference Paper -- İstanbul Technical University, Theoretical and Applied Mechanical Turkish National Committee, 2017Bu çalışmada akım potansiyeli kavramı kullanılarak bazı yeraltı suyu problemlerine çözümler üretilmiştir. Bu yöntemde akım vektörü, akım potansiyelinin negatif gradyantı şeklinde tanımlanmıştır. Akımı yöneten denklem, akım potansiyeli cinsinden yazıldığında hem basınçlı hem de basınçsız akiferler için aynı lineer denklemi vermektedir. Böylece potansiyel akım teorisi geçerli olur ve süperpozisyon prensibi kullanılabilir. Bu şekilde birbirinden bağımsız çözümler süperpoze edilerek daha karmaşık bir problemin çözümüne ulaşılabilir. Akım potansiyeli kullanılarak yatay düzlemde iki boyutlu yeraltı suyu problemlerinde eşpotansiyel ve akım çizgilerini çizip akım ağı oluşturmak mümkündür. Çalışmada örnek çözümlere yer verilmiştir.In this study, solutions to several groundwater flow problems were obtained using the concept of discharge potential. In this method, the discharge vector is defined as the negative gradient of the discharge potential. When written in terms of discharge potential, the governing equation of flow gives the same linear equation for both confined and unconfined aquifers. As a result, the potential flow theory is applicable and the method of superposition can be used. Through superposition of several independent solutions, the solution of a more complex problem can be reached. Using discharge potential, a flownet can be formed by drawing equipotential and stream lines in horizontally two-dimensional groundwater flow problems. Example solutions are presented in the study

Döviz Kurları ile BİST Turizm Endeksi Getirileri Arasındaki Volatilite Yayılım Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

Bu araştırmanın amacı döviz kurları ile BİST Turizm Endeksi (XTRZM) getirileri arasındaki volatilite yayılım etkisinin ekonometrik yöntemlerle belirlenmesidir. Bu bağlamda, konvertibilitesi yüksek para birimleri olan USD, EUR, JPY ve GBP ve Türkiye’ye yüksek miktarda turist gönderen bir ülke olan Rusya’nın para birimi olan RUB ile BİST XTRZM getirileri arasındaki volatilite yayılımı çok değişkenli GARCH modellerinden olan Diagonal VECH-GARCH yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, XTRZM ve Döviz kurlarında volatilitenin sürekli etkilere sahip olduğunu ve volatilite kümelenmelerinin oluştuğunu göstermektedir. Uygulanan Diagonal VECH-GARCH modeli sonuçlarına göre, USD/TRY, EUR/TRY, GBP/TRY ve RUB/TRY kurları ile XTRZM Endeksi getirileri arasında istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir volatilite yayılımı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, JPY/TRY ile XTRZM Endeksi getirileri arasında ise volatilite yayılımına ilişkin istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir sonuca ulaşılamamıştır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, özellikle döviz kurlarındaki oynaklığın artığı dönemlerde XTRZM endeksi getirilerinde de volatilitenin yükseldiğine işaret etmektedir

Determination of compressive strength of perlite-containing slag-based geopolymers and its prediction using artificial neural network and regression-based methods

This study has two main objectives: (i) to investigate the parameters affecting the compressive strength (CS) of perlite-containing slag-based geopolymers and (ii) to predict the CS values obtained from experimental studies. In this regard, 540 cubic geopolymer samples incorporating different raw perlite powder (RPP) replacement ratios, different sodium hydroxide (NaOH) molarity, different curing time, and different curing temperatures for a total of 180 mixture groups were produced and their CS results were experimentally determined. Then conventional regression analysis (CRA), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and TreeNet methods, as well as artificial neural network (ANN) methods, were used to predict the CS results of geopolymers using this experimentally obtained data set. Root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), scatter index (SI) and Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) performance statistics were used to evaluate the CS prediction capabilities of the methods. As a result, it was determined that the optimum molarity, curing time, and curing temperature were 14 M, 24 h, and 110 celcius, respectively and 48 h of heat curing did not have a significant effect on increasing the CS of the geopolymers. The highest performances in regression-based models were obtained from the MARS method. However, the ANN method showed higher prediction performance than the regression-based methods. Considering the RMSE values, it was seen that the ANN method made improvements by 24.7, 2.1, and 13.7 %, respectively, compared to the MARS method for training, validation, and test sets

Evaluation of agricultural fields in terms of soil productivity and environmental health in the industrial zone

Amaç: Bu çalışma ile tarım alanlarının yakınlarındabulunan ve aktif konumdaki özellikle de ağır sanayifabrikalarının sebep olduğu çevre kirliğinin tarımtopraklarını ne oranda etkilendiği ve bunun canlılarüzerine olası etkilerinin vurgulanması amacıylayapılmıştır.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Araştırma, Tekirdağ’ın Çorlu,Çerkezköy ve Muratlı ilçelerinde çok sayıda bulunan vetarım arazilerine de yakınlığı ile bilinen aktif haldekifabrikaların yakınındaki (50-250 m) alanlardan toplamda28 tane olacak şekilde 0-20 cm derinlikten bölgeyi en iyitemsil edecek şekilde toprak örnekleri alınarak yürütülmüştür. Alınan toprak örneklerinde tekstür, pH,tuzluluk, kireç (CaCO3 olarak), organik maddeanalizlerine ilaveten N, P, K, Ca, Mg ve S elementlerininanalizleri yapılmış ve sonuçlar istatistiksel olarak dadeğerlendirilmiştir. Ortalama pH değerleriincelendiğinde araştırma alanı toprakları “hafif asit”(5.66 ve 5.92 arasında) sınıfındadır. Toprak bünye yapısı,“tın” ve “killi tın” sınıfına girmektedir. Tuzluluk (ort.%0.023) açısından analizi yapılan alanlarda sorunbulunmamaktadır. Kireç (CaCO3) içerikleri (ort. %0.21)durumu da sorun olmamakla birlikte 6 örnekte az kireçolduğu görülmektedir. Organik madde miktarı araştırmaalanı topraklarında da % 0.1-1.5 arasında bulunmuştur.Toplam azot (N) değerleri organik maddeyle benzerolduğu gibi araştırma alanında <%0.09 olup az azotlusınıfına girmiştir. Toprak özellikleri ortalama potasyumiçerikleri bakımından üç ilçede de “140-370 mg kg-1”arasına girip “yeterli” olarak değerlendirilmektedir.Genel Yorum: Tarım alanlarının yakınlarında özellikleağır sanayi fabrikalarının olmaması gerektiği bilinen birgerçek olmakla beraber bu çalışmada da olduğu gibimaalesef birçok tarım alanlarının yakınında çeşitlifabrikaların olduğunu görmekteyiz. Bu tür alanlarınsonucunda havada, suda ve toprakta oluşandeğişimlerle, ekolojik dengenin bozulması ve insansağlığını doğrudan veya dolaylı etkileyebilecek pek çokkirliliğin oluşması olasıdır. Özellikle toprak içindebulunan bazı elementlerin miktarına ve etkileşimsüresine bağlı olarak sınır değerleri aştığında zehirli etkiyapabildikleri bilinmektedir.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Bu nedenlerle bu tipçalışmaların sıklıkla yapılması ile zaman zaman tarımtopraklarında birikmesi muhtemel olan özellikle ağırmetallerin ortaya konulması ve fitoremediasyon gibitoprak temizleme teknikleri ile çözüm yolları bulunarak,daha sağlıklı ve temiz ürünler yetiştirilmesine olanaksağlanmalıdır. Bu çalışma bu tip önerileri dedesteklemektedir.Aims: The aim of this study is to emphasize the effects of environmental pollution caused by heavy industrial factories on agricultural land and its possible effects on living organisms. Methods and Results: This research was carried out for total 28 soil samples which were taken at 0-20 cm depth from fields (50-250 m) which are next to the some factories from Murtlı-Çerkezköy-Çorlu country side of Tekirdağ province which are thought to be the best for good agriculture. The soil texture, pH, salinity, lime (as CaCO3), organic matter, N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S elements were analyzed and the statistical analysis was performed. According to analysis, the soil pH values indicated the research soils as low acidic (between 5.66 and 5.92) class. Soil texture mostly was “loamy” and “clay loamy” class. Saltiness (average 0.023 %) was not problem for common agriculture. Lime (CaCO3) (average 0.21%) was also not a problem and only 6 samples were shown with “low lime” in these soil samples. Organic matter levels were between 0.1% and 1.5%. Total N was as such organic matter and < 0.09 % called “low”. The average potassium levels were found in three sides “140-370 mg kg-1 ” respectively. Conclusions: This was a known fact that the factories which are mostly heavy industry should not be built near the agricultural areas. However we can show the many heavy industries close to field in the research areas. As a result of such areas, it is possible that many changes will occur in the air, water and the soil, to deteriorate the ecological balance and to have a direct or indirect impact on human health. It is known that they can make toxic effects especially when they exceed the limit values depending on the amount of some elements in the soil and the duration of the interaction. Significance and Impact of the Study: Because of this reason, it is necessary that such studies should be done frequently and likely to test the accumulation of the heavy metals in agricultural soils and to find a solution by phytoremediation techniques for the healthier and clean agricultural production. This research supports to these suggestions

An examination of the students enrolled in the faculties of economics, business administration and open education of Anadolu University from a gender perspective

This study aims to examine from a gender perspective the undergraduates enrolled in the Faculties of Economics, Business Administration and Open Education of Anadolu University which provides education through the method of distance education. A questionnaire with 28 questions was prepared for this purpose. The questionnaire was sent through email to all of the active students enrolled in these faculties. The study firstly provides information on the distance education system of Anadolu University and its faculties that provide education through this method, on the number of students in the faculties, and on the percentages of female and male students preferring various departments. Then, it discusses the importance of distance education for women in terms of the concept of gender, woman – man roles and gender equality. In the section of findings, 2018 questionnaires received from the students were analyzed through the SPSS software and evaluated. The assessment considered the students‟ demographic characteristics; their level of participation in the programs; their reason for preferring distance education; the time they allocate for the courses; their use of computer and the Internet; whether they, especially the women, would prefer distance education if their gender was different, and the materials they most commonly use in the distance education system. In the conclusion, the data were assessed comparatively from a gender perspective

An examination of the occupational burnout levels of academic staff

In recent years, burnout syndrome has been one of the frequently addressed issues in relation to working life. It can be alleged that burnout is an important issue for the occupation of academics which includes high level of human relations and face-to-face communication. In this respect, this study aimed to determine the occupational burnout levels of academicians and to detect if the burnout levels vary by certain socio-demographic variables (gender, age and educational level). The samples of the study included 830 academic staff members working in private universities located in the provinces of Istanbul, Izmir, Ankara and Bursa. For this purpose, a questionnaire was applied for the determination of participants’ burnout levels. The first part of the questionnaire included questions about the demographic characteristics of the participants while the second part included questions to determine their occupational attitudes. PASW 18.0 software was used for the analysis of the data acquired in the research. Reliability coefficient of the measuring tool (Cronbach Alpha) was found to be 0.924. Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, ANOVA and Regression Analysis were used within the scope of the analysis. In consequence of the study, it was found that the variables about the participants (age, gender, education) differed in many of the sub-dimensions of the scale that was applied for measuring the burnout level. Furthermore, the regression analysis revealed that increases in the age did not cause occupational burnout in the participants, the participants responded less to the people due to their work, they were not pleased and satisfied with their jobs, and they approached positively to the problems they faced in their jobs. Besides, it was found that as the level of education increased, the participants were exhausted by their jobs, they behaved more harshly towards others, their job satisfied them, and they approached more positively towards problems

Analysis of orthopedic and traumatologic disorders observed in females and males aged between 40-90 in terms of some variables

Günümüzün en önemli sağlık sorunlarının başında gelen eklem ve romatizma hastalıklarının sosyal yaşam konforu üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri bilinen gerçektir. Bu araştırmanın amacı günümüzün en önemli sağlık sorunlarının başında gelen eklem ve romatizmaya bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan rahatsızlıkların 40 - 90 yaş arası yaşlı kadın ile erkek hastalarda ortaya çıkan olumsuzlukların uygulamalı olarak incelenmesidir. Verilerin elde edilmesinde ölçek kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi basit rassal yöntem kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmamızda kullanılan ölçme aletinin güvenirlilik geçerliliğinin sağlanması amacıyla bir ön test uygulanmıştır. Bu ön teste toplam 50 birey katılım göstermiş, elde edilen bulgular SPSS 18 istatistik programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda Cronbach’s Alpha Kat Sayısı 0,762 bulunmuştur. Daha sonra asıl araştırmaya geçilmiş ve bu araştırmaya (n=900) katılımcıdan elde edilen veriler dâhil edilerek analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ölçüm formunun Cronbach’s Alpha Katsayısı 0.896 bulunmuştur. Analizde, güvenirlilik geçerlilik testi, anova, t testi, kuruskal – Wallis Testi, Faktör, Hipotez ve Mann – Whitney U testlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda beslenme başta olmak üzere çalışma, yaşam, sosyo-kültürel farklılıklar, fiziksel aktivite, eğitim ve yaşanan farklı sağlık sorunlarına ilişkin faktörlere bağlı ortopedik ve travmatolojik sorunların çıktığı görülmüştür. Özellikle 60 yaş üzeri kilo sorunu yaşayan bayanlarda fiziksel aktivite kısıtlanması, eklem rahatsızlıkları, yaşam konfor kısıtlanması, ağrı, performans ve verimlilik kaybı, motivasyon ile algı sorunları gibi birçok olumsuzluğun katılımcılar üzerinde etkili olduğu saptanmıştır.Is a known fact that joint and rheumatism diseases, one of today’s most important health problems, have negative effects on social life comfort. The purpose of this research is to make an applied analysis on the negative conditions caused by joint and rheumatism diseases-one of today’s most important health problems- in female and male patients aged between 40-90. A scale has been used in obtaining data. Research sample has been specified with the use of simple random sampling. A preliminary test has been applied with the purpose of ensuring the validity and reliability of the measurement tool used in our research. A total of 50 individuals have participated in this preliminary test, and findings obtained have been analyzed with SPSS 18 statistics program. As a result of the analysis, Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient has been found as 0,762. And then main research has been initiated and the analysis has been conducted by including the data obtained from the participants in the research (n=900). Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of the measurement form has been found as 0.896. In analysis, Anova, t test, Kruskal-Wallis test, factor, hypothesis and Mann-Whitney U test have been utilized. Following the research, orthopedic and traumatologic disorders depending on such factors as nutrition, working, life, socio-cultural differences, physical activity, education and health problems encountered have been observed. It has been specified that many negative conditions such as limitation of physical activity, joint diseases, limitation of life comfort, pain, loss of performance and efficiency, motivation and perception problems are effective on the participants particularly for females with weight problem aged above 60

Analyzing the relation between pain status of football players and motivation

This study aims to determine pain-causing situations and motivation levels of football players to perform sporting activities when they are in pain. Within this scope, a three-part questionnaire was conducted on 2,465 sportsmen. The respondents were chosen randomly. These sportsmen work for private or public clubs. Following the reliability analysis, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was found 0.873. Parametric and non-parametric tests were conducted for the analysis of data obtained. It was inferred from the statistics that age, body mass index, frequency and duration of training, and the position in the pitch are the factors that have significant impacts on pain situations

Quantitative Assessment of Salivary Gland Parenchymal Vascularization Using Power Doppler Ultrasound and Superb Microvascular Imaging: A Potential Tool in the Diagnosis of Sjögren’s Syndrome

Background: Primary Sjögren’s syndrome is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Minor salivary gland biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Superb microvascular imaging, power Doppler ultrasound, and color Doppler of the salivary glands represent non-invasive, non-irradiating modality for evaluating the vascularity of the salivary glands in the diagnosis and follow-up of primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of superb microvascular imaging and vascularity index in salivary glands for the sonographic diagnosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Study Design: Prospective case-control study. Methods: Twenty participants with primary Sjögren’s syndrome and 20 healthy subjects were included in the study. Both parotid glands and submandibular glands were evaluated by superb microvascular imaging, power Doppler ultrasound, and color Doppler. The diagnostic accuracy of superb microvascular imaging was compared using these techniques. Results: In the patient group, the vascularity index values of superb microvascular imaging in parotid glands and submandibular glands were 3.5±1.66, 5.06±1.94, respectively. While the same values were 1.0±0.98 and 2.44±1.34 in the control group (p?0.001). In the patient group, the vascularity index values of power Doppler ultrasound in parotid glands and submandibular glands were 1.3±1.20 and 2.59±1.82, respectively. While the same values were 0.3±0.32 and 0.85±0.68 in the control group (p?0.001). The superb microvascular imaging vascularity index cut-off value for the diagnosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome in parotid glands that maximizes the accuracy was 1.85 (area under the curve: 0.906; 95% confidence interval: 0.844, 0.968), and its sensitivity and specificity were 87.5% and 72.5%, respectively. While the superb microvascular imaging vascularity index cut-off value for the diagnosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome in submandibular gland that maximizes the accuracy was 3.35 (area under the curve: 0.873; 95% confidence interval: 0.800, 0.946), its sensitivity and specificity were 82.5% and 70%, respectively. Conclusion: Superb microvascular imaging with high reproducibility of the vascularity index has a higher sensitivity and specificity than the power Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome. It can be a noninvasive technique in the diagnosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome when used with clinical, laboratory and other imaging methods