Spor Yapan Çocukların Spor Tercihleri Ve Bunu Etkileyen Bazı Faktörlerin İncelenmesi,

Araştırmanın amacı spor yapan öğrencilerin spor yapma tercihlerini belirleyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi ve bazı faktörler arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Araştırma uygulamalı bir çalışma olup, ölçekli bir anket formu kullanılmıştır. Uygulamada kullanılan anket daha önce kullanılmış ve güvenirliliği sağlanmış bir anket olup, anket üzerinde bazı değişiklikler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini rast gele yöntemle seçilmiş olan 3562 katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcılara (N= 3562) uygulanan anketin güvenirlik katsayısı (Cronbach’s Alpha) hesaplanarak 0.950 değeri elde edilmiştir. Bireyden elde edilen veriler SPSS Pasw 18.0 istatistik programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma 19 ay sürmüştür. Araştırmada kullanılan teknik basit rassal yöntemdir. Araştırmada betimleyici istatistikler, faktör analizi, KMO ve Barlett’s testi, eşleştirilmiş iki grup t-testi, bağımsız t- testi, Crosstabs testi ve Anova testlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonunda anne-baba eğitim durumu, gelir durumu, spor yapılan mekanın spor tercihine etki ettiği bulunmuştur. Aynı zamanda ebeveyn eğitimi, çalışma durumu ve Tv ve görsel araçların çocuğun beslenme alışkanlıklarında, beslenme alışkanlığının ise psikolojik durum ve spor yaralanmalarında etken faktör olduğu saptanmıştır

Acute and delayed sulfur mustard toxicity; novel mechanisms and future studies

Sulfur mustard (SM), also known as mustard gas, has been the most widely used chemical weapon. The toxicity of SM as an incapacitating agent is of much greater importance than its ability to cause lethality. Acute toxicity of SM is related to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, DNA damage, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation and energy depletion within the affected cell. Therefore melatonin shows beneficial effects against acute SM toxicity in a variety of manner. It scavenges most of the oxygen- and nitrogen-based reactants, inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase, repairs DNA damage and restores cellular energy depletion. The delayed toxicity of SM however, currently has no mechanistic explanation. We propose that epigenetic aberrations may be responsible for delayed detrimental effects of mustard poisoning. Epigenetic refers to the study of changes that influence the phenotype without causing alteration of the genotype. It involves changes in the properties of a cell that are inherited but do not involve a change in DNA sequence. It is now known that in addition to genetic mutations, epimutations can also involve in the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases. Several actions of melatonin are now delineated by epigenetic actions including modulation of histone acetylation and DNA methylation. Future studies are warranted to clarify whether epigenetic mechanisms are involved in pathogenesis of delayed sulfur mustard toxicity and melatonin alleviates delayed toxicity of this warfare agent

Investigation of cytotoxic effect of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) fruit

54-58The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxic effect of black mulberry fruit extract (Morus nigra L.) on human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) and prostate cancer (PC3) cell lines. The extract prepared from mulberry (M. nigra) fresh fruit was applied to cancer cell lines in 5 different v/v concentrations (10%, 4%, 2%, 1.33% and 1%) for 72 h. At the end of the incubation period, cell viability was determined by MTT [3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. Results were compared with negative and positive control groups. The effect of mulberry (M. nigra) fruit extract on cell viability was determined depending on the concentration applied; extract showed a significant cytotoxic effect on PC3 cell line at the 10% concentration compared to the control group, but not detected any effect at 4%, 2%, 1.33% and 1% concentrations. In the MDA-MB-231 cell line, there was a high cytotoxic effect at a concentration of 10% compared to the control group, while a lower effect was observed at 4%, 2%, 1.33% and 1% concentrations. The data obtained from the study showed that extract prepared from black mulberry fruit has cytotoxic effect especially against breast cancer cells

Epigenetic perturbations in the pathogenesis of mustard toxicity; hypothesis and preliminary results

Among the most readily available chemical warfare agents, sulfur mustard (SM), also known as mustard gas, has been the most widely used chemical weapon. SM causes debilitating effects that can leave an exposed individual incapacitated for days to months; therefore delayed SM toxicity is of much greater importance than its ability to cause lethality. Although not fully understood, acute toxicity of SM is related to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, oxidative stress, DNA damage, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation and energy depletion within the affected cell. Therefore several antioxidants and PARP inhibitors show beneficial effects against acute SM toxicity. The delayed toxicity of SM however, currently has no clear mechanistic explanation. One third of the 100,000 Iranian casualties are still suffering from the detrimental effects of SM in spite of the extensive treatment. We, therefore, made an attempt whether epigenetic aberrations may contribute to pathogenesis of mustard poisoning. Preliminary evidence reveals that mechlorethamine (a nitrogen mustard derivative) exposure may not only cause oxidative stress, DNA damage, but epigenetic perturbations as well. Epigenetic refers to the study of changes that influence the phenotype without causing alteration of the genotype. It involves changes in the properties of a cell that are inherited but do not involve a change in DNA sequence. It is now known that in addition to mutations, epimutations contribute to a variety of human diseases. Under light of preliminary results, the current hypothesis will focus on epigenetic regulations to clarify mustard toxicity and the use of drugs to correct possible epigenetic defects

Qweak: A Precision Measurement of the Proton's Weak Charge

The Qweak experiment at Jefferson Lab aims to make a 4% measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in elastic scattering at very low $Q^2$ of a longitudinally polarized electron beam on a proton target. The experiment will measure the weak charge of the proton, and thus the weak mixing angle at low energy scale, providing a precision test of the Standard Model. Since the value of the weak mixing angle is approximately 1/4, the weak charge of the proton $Q_w^p = 1-4 \sin^2 \theta_w$ is suppressed in the Standard Model, making it especially sensitive to the value of the mixing angle and also to possible new physics. The experiment is approved to run at JLab, and the construction plan calls for the hardware to be ready to install in Hall C in 2007. The theoretical context of the experiment and the status of its design are discussed.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, LaTeX2e, to be published in CIPANP 2003 proceeding

Turnip mosaic potyvirus probably first spread to Eurasian brassica crops from wild orchids about 1000 years ago

Turnip mosaic potyvirus (TuMV) is probably the most widespread and damaging virus that infects cultivated brassicas worldwide. Previous work has indicated that the virus originated in western Eurasia, with all of its closest relatives being viruses of monocotyledonous plants. Here we report that we have identified a sister lineage of TuMV-like potyviruses (TuMV-OM) from European orchids. The isolates of TuMV-OM form a monophyletic sister lineage to the brassica-infecting TuMVs (TuMV-BIs), and are nested within a clade of monocotyledon-infecting viruses. Extensive host-range tests showed that all of the TuMV-OMs are biologically similar to, but distinct from, TuMV-BIs and do not readily infect brassicas. We conclude that it is more likely that TuMV evolved from a TuMV-OM-like ancestor than the reverse. We did Bayesian coalescent analyses using a combination of novel and published sequence data from four TuMV genes [helper component-proteinase protein (HC-Pro), protein 3(P3), nuclear inclusion b protein (NIb), and coat protein (CP)]. Three genes (HC-Pro, P3, and NIb), but not the CP gene, gave results indicating that the TuMV-BI viruses diverged from TuMV-OMs around 1000 years ago. Only 150 years later, the four lineages of the present global population of TuMV-BIs diverged from one another. These dates are congruent with historical records of the spread of agriculture in Western Europe. From about 1200 years ago, there was a warming of the climate, and agriculture and the human population of the region greatly increased. Farming replaced woodlands, fostering viruses and aphid vectors that could invade the crops, which included several brassica cultivars and weeds. Later, starting 500 years ago, inter-continental maritime trade probably spread the TuMV-BIs to the remainder of the world

Beyond bone biology: Lessons from team science

Today, research in biomedicine often requires the knowledge and technologies in diverse fields. Therefore, there is an increasing need for collaborative team science that crosses traditional disciplines. Here, we discuss our own lessons from both interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary teams, which ultimately ushered us to expand our research realm beyond bone biology. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved