Slot/pole Combinations Choice for Concentrated Multiphase Machines dedicated to Mild-Hybrid Applications

Version de l'éditeur à l'adresse suivante : http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6119910&isnumber=6119266This paper presents multiphase permanent magnet machines with concentrated non-overlapped winding as a good candidate for automotive low voltage mild-hybrid applications. These machines often require a trade-off between low speed performances such as high torque density and high speed performances like flux weakening capabilities. This paper describes how to choose a key design parameter to ease this compromise, the slots/poles combination, according to three parameters: winding factor including harmonics factor, rotor losses amount thanks to a comparison factor and radial forces balancing. The comparison criterion are based on both analytical formula and Finite Element Analysis.Projet MHYGALE/ ADEM

Strong Effects of Cation Vacancies on the Electronic and Dynamical Properties of FeO

We report pronounced modifications of electronic and vibrational properties induced in FeO by cation vacancies, obtained within density functional theory incorporating strong local Coulomb interactions at Fe atoms. The insulating gap of FeO is reduced by about 50% due to unoccupied electronic bands introduced by trivalent Fe ions stabilized by cation vacancies. The changes in the electronic structure along with atomic displacements induced by cation vacancies affect strongly phonon dispersions via modified force constants, including those at atoms beyond nearest neighbors of defects. We demonstrate that theoretical phonon dispersions and their densities of states reproduce the results of inelastic neutron and nuclear resonant x-ray scattering experiments \emph{only} when Fe vacancies and Coulomb interaction $U$ are both included explicitly in \emph{ab initio} simulations, which also suggests that the electron-phonon coupling in FeO is strong.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

On the significance of quantum effects and interactions for the apparent universality of Bloch laws for M_s(T)

The apparent universality of Bloch's T^{3/2}-law for the temperature dependence of the spontaneous magnetization, and of generalizations thereof, is considered. It is argued that in the derivation one should not only consider the exchange interaction between the spins, but also the other interactions between them, leading to elliptical spin precession and deviations from the parabolic dispersion of magnons. Also interaction effects are important to explain the apparent universality of generalized Bloch law exponents e_B, defined by M_s(T)= M_s(0)-const. x T^{e_B}, valid in a wide temperature range T_1 < T < T_2, and for dimensionalities d = 1, 2, and 3. The above-mentioned temperature range, the 'Bloch range', lies above the quantum range, where magnetic long-range order (e.g. in d=2 dimensions) is nontrivially enforced by the additional interactions, but below the thermal critical region, where universal 'anomalous scaling dimensions' apply. In contrast, for the Bloch temperature region, the universality is only apparent, i.e. a crossover-phenomenon, and simple scaling considerations with 'normal dimensions' apply. However, due to interactions, the Bloch exponent e_B depends not only on the dimensionality d of the system, but also on the spin quantum number s (mod (1/2)) of the system, i.e. for given d the Bloch exponent e_B is different for half-integer s and for integer s.Comment: LATEX, 27 pages (including 5 eps-figures); accepted by JMM

Fe3O4(001) films on Fe(001): Termination and reconstruction of iron-rich surfaces

High-quality and impurity-free magnetite surfaces with (sqrt2xsqrt2)R45o reconstruction have been obtained for the Fe3O4(001) epitaxial films deposited on Fe(001). Based on atomically resolved STM images for both negative and positive sample polarity and Density Functional Theory calculations, a model of the magnetite (001) surface terminated with Fe ions forming dimers on the reconstructed (sqrt2xsqrt2)R45o octahedral iron layer is proposed.Comment: 17 pages 4 figure

Growth and electronic and magnetic structure of iron oxide films on Pt(111)

Ultrathin (111)-oriented polar iron oxide films were grown on a Pt(111) single crystal either by the reactive deposition of iron or oxidation of metallic iron monolayers. These films were characterized using low energy electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy and conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy. The reactive deposition of Fe led to the island growth of Fe3O4, in which the electronic and magnetic properties of the bulk material were modulated by superparamagnetic size effects for thicknesses below 2 nm, revealing specific surface and interface features. In contrast, the oxide films with FeO stoichiometry, which could be stabilized as thick as 4 nm under special preparation conditions, had electronic and magnetic properties that were very different from their bulk counterpart, w\"ustite. Unusual long range magnetic order appeared at room temperature for thicknesses between three and ten monolayers, the appearance of which requires severe structural modification from the rock-salt structure.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, 50 reference

Holographic Methods as Local Probes of the Atomic Order in Solids

In the last fifteen years several techniques based on the holographic principle have been developed for the study of the 3D local order in solids. These methods use various particles: electrons, hard x-ray photons, gamma photons, or neutrons to image the atoms. Although the practical realisation of the various imaging experiments is very different, there is a common thread; the use of inside reference points for holographic imaging. In this paper we outline the basics of atomic resolution holography using inside reference points, especially concentrating to the hard x-ray case. Further, we outline the experimental requirements and what has been practically realized in the last decade. At last we give examples of applications and future perspectives.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure

REVISION OF THE MALES OF THE Hydrospyche scalaris GROUP IN NORTH AMERICA (TRICHOPTERA: HYDROPSYCHIDAE)

The genus Hydrospsyche Pictet sensu stricto in North America is divided into three species groups, the Hydrospyche cuanis Ross Group Ross, the Hydropsyche depravata Hagen Group Ross, and the Hydropsyche scalaris Hagen Group Banks. Thirty-one of thirty-six described species are recognized in the Hydropsyche scalaris Group. Examination of adult males resulted in 5 junior subjective synonyms and one possible new species based on a single exemplar from Sevier County, Utah. Hydropsyche bidens Ross 1938, H. orris Ross 1938, and H. alvata Denning 1949 are junior synonyms of Hydropsyche incommoda Hagen 1861. Hydrospyche rossi Flint, Voshell and Parker, 1979 and H. fenestra Lago and Harris 2006 are junior synonyms of H. simulans Ross 1938. A key to the adult males is provided and intraspecific variation illustrated. Scanning electron microscopy, cross-sectioned material, careful hand dissections, and a summary of relevant literature were used to formulate a revised description of phallic morphology. The phallobase forms the copulatory organ with the endotheca indistinguishable. The sclerotized, non-eversible, internal atrium of Hydropsyche s.s. is considered phallicata based on the presence of internal longitudinal muscle and its attachment points. Parameres and endophallus are absent. Conflicting and supporting evidence for alternative interpretations of the phallic apparatus is considered

On 2 February 2012, the commercial plant producing radiopharmaceuticals in Poland, developed by Synektik SA, was officially opened at Świętokrzyskie Center of Oncology in Kielce

On 2 February 2012, Synektik SA Group officially launched theradiopharmaceuticals production in a facility which will serve thecommercial market. The project finished the two-years’ investmentby the Company which cost PLN 19 million

Biospheric AI

The dominant paradigm in AI ethics and value alignment is highly anthropocentric. The focus of these disciplines is strictly on human values which limits the depth and breadth of their insights. Recently, attempts to expand to a sentientist perspective have been initiated. We argue that neither of these outlooks is sufficient to capture the actual complexity of the biosphere and ensure that AI does not damage it. Thus, we propose a new paradigm -- Biospheric AI that assumes an ecocentric perspective. We discuss hypothetical ways in which such an AI might be designed. Moreover, we give directions for research and application of the modern AI models that would be consistent with the biospheric interests. All in all, this work attempts to take first steps towards a comprehensive program of research that focuses on the interactions between AI and the biosphere