Backscattering and secondary-electron emission from metal targets of various thicknesses

Backscattering and secondary electron emission from metal targets of various thicknesse

Empirical equations for electron backscattering coefficients

Empirical equations for electron backscattering coefficient

Ductile Deformation Of The Whitestone Anorthosite By The Parry Sound Shear Zone: Implications For Thrust Tectonics

The Parry Sound Shear Zone occurs between the Britt Domain and the Parry Sound Domain of the Central Gneiss Belt. The shear zone transects the Whitestone Anorthosite, located along the western margin of the Parry Sound Domain, and produces a range of new textures and paragenesis.;Two types of mylonites occur along the intersection between the Whitestone Anorthosite and the Parry Sound Shear Zone. Away from the mylonites, moderately modified anorthosite, exhibiting well-defined schistosity, and weakly modified anorthosite, exhibited relict igneous textures and ill-defined foliation, occur. Minor plant and anastomosing shear zones are superimposed on modified anorthosites.;The metamorphic mineral assemblages produced in the Whitestone Anorthosite formed under retrogressive conditions. Moderately modified anorthosite, scapolite-bearing planar shear zones and scapolite-bearing mylonites display a mineral assemblage of plagioclase (An34-60), pargasite, scapolite (Me68-75), and almandine garnet which suggests middle-upper amphibolite facies conditions of metamorphism. The anorthosites display small chemical modifications compared to the undeformed Whitestone Anorthosite; CO{dollar}\sb2{dollar} is the most prominently enhanced component. Weakly modified anorthosite, quartz-bearing anastomosing shear zones and quartz-bearing mylonites consist of plagioclase (An20-47), hornblende/pargasite, scapolite (Me57-65) and epidote or almandine garnet which suggest middle-lower amphibolite facies. The anorthosites display significant chemical modifications compared to the undeformed anorthosite; SiO{dollar}\sb2{dollar} and K{dollar}\sb2{dollar}O are the most dramatically increased components.;Under amphibolite and higher metamorphic conditions, plagioclase in the increasingly modified anorthosites underwent syntectonic recrystallization which produced non-random crystallographic orientation patterns. Quartz, present in ribbons in quartz-rich mylonites and anastomosing shear zones, deformed by dislocation creep resulting in the development of two different preferred crystallographic orientations. Isolated quartz and recrystallized plagioclase in the matrix deformed by grain boundary processes which produced random crystal orientations.;The textural and mineralogical characteristics of the Whitestone Anorthosite in the Parry Sound Shear Zone suggest a history of deformation that extended from granulite facies to lower amphibolite facies conditions. The observed sequence of chemical modifications suggests an evolutionary fluid history resulting from the inverted metamorphic gradient of an overthrust. The different orientation patterns observed in quartz grains within quartz ribbons suggest the occurrence of different regimes during the latest stages of deformation

Scatter modelling and compensation in emission tomography

In nuclear medicine, clinical assessment and diagnosis are generally based on qualitative assessment of the distribution pattern of radiotracers used. In addition, emission tomography (SPECT and PET) imaging methods offer the possibility of quantitative assessment of tracer concentration in vivo to quantify relevant parameters in clinical and research settings, provided accurate correction for the physical degrading factors (e.g. attenuation, scatter, partial volume effects) hampering their quantitative accuracy are applied. This review addresses the problem of Compton scattering as the dominant photon interaction phenomenon in emission tomography and discusses its impact on both the quality of reconstructed clinical images and the accuracy of quantitative analysis. After a general introduction, there is a section in which scatter modelling in uniform and non-uniform media is described in detail. This is followed by an overview of scatter compensation techniques and evaluation strategies used for the assessment of these correction methods. In the process, emphasis is placed on the clinical impact of image degradation due to Compton scattering. This, in turn, stresses the need for implementation of more accurate algorithms in software supplied by scanner manufacturers, although the choice of a general-purpose algorithm or algorithms may be difficul

Verification of the term "agricultural property" in the light of the amended provisions of the agricultural system structuring act of 11 april 2003

W znowelizowanych z dniem 30 kwietnia 2016 r. przepisach ustawy z dnia 11 kwietnia 2003 roku o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego wprowadzony został przewidziany szczególny reżim dotyczący obrotu nieruchomościami rolnymi. Przepisy skonstruowane są wielostopniowo, tj. aby zastosować szczególne zasady obrotu, wpierw należy ustalić, czy nieruchomość jest nieruchomością rolną w rozumieniu ustawy i czy zdarzenie, którego nieruchomość dotyczy, podlega szczególnemu reżimowi. Samo określenie, czy nieruchomość jest nieruchomością rolną w rozumieniu u.k.u.r., też jest działaniem wielostopniowym. Definicja nieruchomości rolnej odnosi się bowiem do Kodeksu cywilnego, a następnie – poprzez odwołanie do planu zagospodarowania przestrzennego – zawęża. Powyższe wskazuje na mozolność procesu stosowania ustawy i może powodować trudności w praktyce, a tym samym destabilizować pewność obrotu

SNAP: Stateful Network-Wide Abstractions for Packet Processing

Early programming languages for software-defined networking (SDN) were built on top of the simple match-action paradigm offered by OpenFlow 1.0. However, emerging hardware and software switches offer much more sophisticated support for persistent state in the data plane, without involving a central controller. Nevertheless, managing stateful, distributed systems efficiently and correctly is known to be one of the most challenging programming problems. To simplify this new SDN problem, we introduce SNAP. SNAP offers a simpler "centralized" stateful programming model, by allowing programmers to develop programs on top of one big switch rather than many. These programs may contain reads and writes to global, persistent arrays, and as a result, programmers can implement a broad range of applications, from stateful firewalls to fine-grained traffic monitoring. The SNAP compiler relieves programmers of having to worry about how to distribute, place, and optimize access to these stateful arrays by doing it all for them. More specifically, the compiler discovers read/write dependencies between arrays and translates one-big-switch programs into an efficient internal representation based on a novel variant of binary decision diagrams. This internal representation is used to construct a mixed-integer linear program, which jointly optimizes the placement of state and the routing of traffic across the underlying physical topology. We have implemented a prototype compiler and applied it to about 20 SNAP programs over various topologies to demonstrate our techniques' scalability

Calcium Oxide as a Root Filling Material: a Three-Year Prospective Clinical Outcome Study

Calcium oxide, available for decades as a root canal filling material, has been little used in recent years due to its lack of radio-opacity, and an expectation that it would lead to an excess of root fractures. In this study, four general dentists submitted 79 cases of endodontically treated teeth whose roots were filled with either Biocalex 6/9, or Endocal-10, and rendered adequately radio-opaque with yttrium oxide. Fifty-seven teeth were available for follow up at three years. Criteria for success were comfort, function, radiographic signs of healing. The overall success rate was 89%. The percentage of teeth retained in function was 98%; aside from one equivocal case, no teeth were lost due to root fractures. These numbers are indistinguishable from success rates reported for conventional root filling materials. Conclusion: Calcium oxide may be considered as a safe and viable alternative to other current methods of root obturation

The T-shape dilemma in the industrial engineering and management

Purpose: This paper concerns the undergraduate “Industrial Engineering and Management” curriculum. The purpose of the research was to examine the extent to which there is in-depth coverage of teaching/learning in the combined field of industrial engineering and management, as opposed to breadth in multidisciplinary teaching/learning in this field (the T-shaped dilemma). In line with this aim, the following research question was derived: With respect to the breadth of multidisciplinary teaching and the depth of teaching in industrial engineering and management, what is the desired situation as opposed to the actual situation? Design/methodology/approach: To examine the T-shaped dilemma, 16 in-depth interviews were conducted with senior-level managers in industry, and with leading academics in the fields of industrial engineering and management. The interviewees were asked questions regarding the planning and design of the curriculum in these fields. The analysis of the interviews was carried out by ascribing categories to the data, and presenting the categories with the highest frequencies in all of the interviews. Findings and originality/value: One of the most significant results was the considerable variability between the answers of senior-level managers in industry and those of the academics. Whereas individuals in the business field (senior-level managers) place great importance on focusing on the management/business aspect and the acquisition of multidisciplinary knowledge, academics emphasize the importance of understanding the theories and rationale behind the material studied, studying the basic principles and thus acquiring a strong theoretical foundation, the implementation of which is then expressed in diverse applications. Research limitations/implications: Owing to time constraints, the research only included 16 in-depth interviews. In order to increase the external validity of this research, more interviews should be executed. Originality/value: The framework of this research is unique in terms of the topic and analytic processes.Peer Reviewe

Yetişkin bir kedide primer hipotroidizm

A 10-year-old cross breed female cat was brought with the complaint of weight gain while only the same amount of food was given. As a result of the evaluation of clinical examination, anamnesis, laboratory results and thyroid panel parameters, a rare hypothyroid disease in cats was determined. Levotroxine was used in the treatment and after 1.5 months, the parameters were within normal ranges at the control. As a result, the opinion that primary hypothyroidism in cats has gained more importance in veterinary endocrinology in recent years compared to previous years.Bu olgunun materyalini aynı miktarda günlük mama verilmesine rağmen kilo artışı meydana gelen 10 yaşındaki melez ırkı dişi kedi oluşturdu. Klinik muayene, anamnez, laboratuar sonuçları ve troid paneli parametrelerinin sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi sonucunda kedilerde nadir görülen hipotroid hastalığı belirlendi. Tedavisinde levotroksin kullanıldı ve 1,5 ay sonra kontrol değerlerinde parametreler normal aralıklar arasında elde edildi. Sonuç olarak son yıllarda önceki yıllara göre kedilerde hipotroid olabileceği görüşü veteriner endokrinolojisinde daha çok önem kazanmıştır