Comparative analysis of bone fixation in patients with uncomplicated multiple fractures and fracture-dislocations of the forearm

Introduction The functional anatomy of the forearm sets up requirements for the choice of fixation constructs and medical technologies of osteosynthesis to be used for particular localization and pattern of injury. Objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of intramedullary nailing, plating, external fixation and combined techniques used to repair forearm shaft fractures of different severity based on comparative analysis of outcomes. Material and methods Outcomes of 153 patients with forearm shaft fractures treated with IM nailing, plating, external fixation (controls, n = 78; 51.0 %) and combined osteosynthesis with shape memory devices (index group, n = 75; 49.0 %) were comparatively analyzed using criteria offered by Anderson L.D. (consolidation time) and Grace T.G., Eversman W.W. (functional results) and statistical methods. Patients sustained either an isolated fracture of one bone (n = 62; 40.5 %) or combined both bones forearm injuries (n = 44; 28.8 %). A subgroup of complicated injuries included 25 (16.3 %) patients with fracture-dislocations and 22 (14.4 %) patients with multiple fractures (bifocal, comminuted, bone loss of at least 5.0 cm). Results Plating of isolated and combined forearm injuries showed significant advantages over intramedullary nailing with square nail (χ2 = 5.329, p = 0.021). Intramedullary nailing appeared to be more efficacious when supported by thermomechanical memory devices and could be comparable with the results achieved with plating (χ2 = 0.070, p = 0.792). Combined techniques with thermomechanical memory devices were practical for multiple fractures and fracture-dislocations (χ2 = 6.649, p = 0.010). Conclusions Intramedullary nailing with square nails was shown to be efficient in 50.0 % of patients with transverse, oblique fractures of one or both forearm bones and in 20.0 % of fracture-dislocations. The bone consolidated and function recovered in 85.3 to 95.2 % of the patients with of one or both forearm bones fractures repaired either with plating or combined methods with the use of shape memory constructs. Patients with fracture-dislocations, comminuted and segmental fractures showed good results in 75.0 % of the cases addressed with external fixation and external fixation combined with shape memory devices, and in 42.9 % of cases repaired with plating

Comparative analysis of Czech and Russian proverbs and idioms, their frequency of use in modern society (Sociolinguistic research using questionnaire methods and dictionary researches)

Hlavním cílem této bakalářské práce je dozvědět se, jak často se používájí vybraná přísloví a frazeologizmy, jak chápan jejich význam. Práce je rozdělena do dvou hlavních částí, první část je věnovaná teorii a druhá část praktickému užití frazeologizmů a přísloví. Teoretická část bakalářské práce je věnována základním pojmům, co je frazeologizmus, co je přísloví. Také teoretická část je věnována historii přísloví a frazeologizmů. Praktická část se zabývá původem přísloví a frazeologizmů, vztahy mezi českými frazeologizmy a přísloví a jejich ruskými ekvivalenty. Tato část je zakončena dotazníkovým socioligvistickým výzkumem, který byl předložen studentům prvního, druhého a třetího ročníku bakalářského oboru Cizí jazyky pro komerční praxi v kombinaci angličtina ruština.ObhájenoThe main aim of this bachelor's thesis is to find out, how often selected proverbs and idioms are used, how their meaning is understood. The work is divided into two main parts, the first part is devoted to theory and the second part is about the practical use of idioms and proverbs. The theoretical part of the thesis is devoted to the basic concepts, what is idiom, what is proverb. Also the theoretical part is devoted to the history of proverbs and idioms. The practical part deals with the origin of the proverb and idiom, relations between the Czech idioms and proverbs and their Russian equivalents. This section concludes with a questionnaire research, which was presented to the students of the first, second and third year of the bachelor's degree, Foreign languages for commercial practice in the combination English Russian

Farm-scale biogas production possibilities in Leningrad region

Increasing energy and fertilizer prices with the decreasing oil and nutrient resources caused the interest in biogas projects either on farm-scale or as cooperatives involving several farms. Russia has large agricultural farms and the waste produced onsite is a good source for biogas production. Anaerobic digestion, i.e. biogas technology, is an environmental technology process, which enhances material and energy efficiency via utilizing organic material streams as energy. The biogas production solves not only resource and energy problem, but can be utilized for producing fertilizer, at the same time decreasing greenhouse emissions and waste disposal. The purpose of this study is to analyze significant parameters of the anaerobic digestion process, determine management tools and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of biogas station project in the Leningrad region. The object of the research is the agricultural enterprise JSC «Partisan» on the basis of the Luga-Balt project. Luga-Balt project is a long-term project of ENPI, aimed to develop Russian-Finnish cooperation for the Baltic Sea protection

DECREASE IN SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT BASE INDUSTRIES BY FORMATION OF EFFECTIVE REGIONAL POLICY OF SUPPORT SMALL BUSINESS

Clause is devoted to an actual problem of decrease in negative consequences of technological development of key economic branches of the industry at a regional level. During social and economic transformations to Russia to the beginning of 90th years XX of a century there has been begun complex process of re-structuring of key economic branches of the industry, including technological, social and economic transformations. During re-structuring by one of key directions of the decision of existing social problems there is a formation of effective policy of support of small business at a regional and local level. Creation of favorable conditions for development of small business allows for short time and at rather low expenses to smooth disproportions of social and economic development of territories arising at re-structuring. Flexibility inherent in small business, mobility and adaptibility to changeable market conditions can promote the decision of problems of social stability, maintenance of employment and saturation of the consumer market. Creation of the enterprises of small business on the basis of local natural-economic resources raises social and economic potential of industrial territories

Особенности остеосинтеза у больных с переломами дистального метаэпифиза большеберцовой кости

In 93 patients with anticnemion bones distal segment intra-articular, juxta-articular and bifocal fractures shape memory tightening clamps were used in order to transfragmentary compression and bone fragments fixation. In 16 patients with bifocal fractures tibia diaphysis osteosynthesis was performed using intramedullary nail and bone plates. Affected member external fixation after external osteosynthesis in 47 cases was performed using plaster splint. In 46 patients with anticnemion bones longitudinal splintage was performed using perosseous devices. In patients aftercare process chondroprotective agents were used. Patients with anticnemion bones distal segment injuries multimodality therapy good results were reached in 87,5% of cases.У 93 пострадавших с внутрисуставными, околосуставными и бифокальными переломами дистального сегмента костей голени с целью межфрагментарной компрессии и фиксации костных отломков использованы стягивающие скобы с эффектом памяти формы. У 16 больных с бифокальными переломами остеосинтез диафиза большеберцовой кости выполнен с использованием интрамедуллярного стержня и накостных пластин. Внешняя фиксация поврежденной конечности после погружного остеосинтеза в 47 случаях выполнялась гипсовой шиной. У 46 пациентов продольное шинирование костей голени осуществлялось с использованием чрескостных аппаратов. В процессе реабилитации больных применялись хондропротекторы. Хорошие результаты комплексного лечения достигнуты в 87,5% случаев

Features power of students

This paper presents actual nowadays healthy food problem. Based on the survey identified eating habits of students during their university studies. The main reasons for the lack of a balanced dietВ работе представлена актуальная на сегодняшний день проблема здорового питания. На основе анкетирования выявлены особенности питания студентов в период их обучения в вузе. Определены основные причины отсутствия рационального питани

GABA and glycine co-release optimizes functional inhibition in rat brainstem motoneurons in vitro.

International audienceWhole-cell patch clamp recordings of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) were obtained in identified abducens motoneurons (aMns) from young rats (P5-P13). Three types of mIPSC were distinguished according to their kinetics and their sensitivity to receptor antagonists: faster decaying events mediated by glycine receptors (glyRs), slower decaying events mediated by GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)Rs), and mIPSCs displaying two components corresponding to GABA and glycine co-release. Dual component events accounted for approximately 30 % of mIPSCs, independently of the rat's age and were also identified during evoked transmitter release. In contrast, the kinetics of glyR- and GABA(A)R-mediated mIPSCs became faster during development. Monosynaptic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) were able to fully inhibit motoneuron discharge elicited by current pulses. When the GABA(A)R-mediated component or the glyR-mediated component of the IPSP was blocked, the inhibition of motoneuron firing was reduced. The 20-80 % rise time and duration of GABA(A)R-mediated IPSPs were significantly longer than those mediated by glyRs. The time window of inhibition for each component was determined using single postsynaptic action potentials elicited with various delays from the onset of the IPSP. GlyR-mediated IPSPs induced fast transient inhibition whereas GABA(A)R-mediated IPSPs induced slow sustained suppression of firing. Using a modelling approach, we found that the two components summated non-linearly. We conclude that in developing aMns, co-release of GABA and glycine determines the strength and timing of inhibition through non-linear interactions between the two components, thus optimizing inhibition of motoneuron function

Погружной компрессирующий остеосинтез при переломах проксимального отдела плечевой кости

At 65 patients with bifocal extra-articular fractures of humerus proximal segment (type B) and splintered intra-articular fractures (type C) osteosynthesis using shape memory effect constructions was used. Osseous defects have been replaced by porous implants. At patients with humerus rotatory cuff damage and fracture-dislocations the access through acromion was applied. Good functional results of a treatment were achived in 81,8-85,7% of cases. Results of humerus proximal segment reconstruction after inconsistent osteosynthesis were considerably worse. Complete restoration of shoulder joint function was reached just in 5 (55,6%) of 9 patients.У 65 пациентов с внесуставными бифокальными переломами (тип В) и внутрисуставными оскольчатыми переломами (тип С) проксимального сегмента плечевой кости остеосинтез выполнен с использованием конструкций с эффектом памяти формы. Костные дефекты замещали пористыми имплантатами. У пациентов с повреждением вращающей манжеты плечевой кости и переломовывихами использовали трансакромиальный доступ. Хорошие функциональные результаты лечения получены в 81,8-85,7% случаев. Результаты реконструкции проксимального сегмента плечевой кости после первичного несостоятельного остеосинтеза значительно хуже. Полное восстановление функции плечевого сустава достигнуто лишь у 5 (55,6%) из 9 больных