The double outlet right ventricle with additional cardiac malformations: an anatomic and echocardiographic study

Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a complex group of abnormal ventriculoarterial connections where both the aorta and pulmonary artery rise from the right ventricle morphologically. It is a rare condition affecting 1–1.5% of patients with congenital heart disease. The patient’s cardiac measurements were taken by two-dimensional echocardiography. The pathological findings of the defined case are illustrated in the figures. A 20-year-old male patient with palpitations, tachypnea, and tiredness with weak exercise capacity and back pain was diagnosed with heart murmur in different degrees; slight cyanosis, cachexia, and developmental retardation were found clinically. Echocardiography showed: DORV, perimembranous ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, dilatated right ventricle, and dilatated left atrium. However, the left ventricle was normal. In addition, the septum interatriale filled the left atrium like an aneurysm. DORV is an important and rare congenital cardiac malformation. This complex condition may result in different clinical findings and require different therapeutic approaches

Absence of the musculocutaneous nerve together with unusual innervation of the median nerve

During routine anatomical dissections, absence of the musculocutaneous nerve was determined in a 58-year-old male cadaver. Moreover, the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles were innervated by two separate branches which divided from the median nerve instead of the musculocutaneous nerve. From a branch that divides from the main trunk of the median nerve at nearly the middle of the arm a motor branch again divided that innervated the brachialis muscle and a sensory branch that conveyed the sense of the lateral part of the forearm. Furthermore, it was found that the brachial artery divided into its terminal branches, the radial and ulnar arteries. We believe that this rare variation of the median nerve will shed light upon surgical procedures involving the median nerve

Medial circumflex femoral artery with different origin and course: a case report and review of the literature

The femoral artery (FA) and its branches play important roles in the arterial supply of the lower extremity. If the femoral artery is occluded, the circulation of the extremity is maintained by certain anastomoses. Therefore, identification of variations of these arteries is critical from a clinical and surgical point of view. During routine anatomical dissections for student education at the Department of Anatomy of the School of Medicine at Ondokuz Mayls University, a variation of the medial circumflex femoral artery (MCFA) was observed and photographed in a male, formalin-fixed cadaver aged 55 years. In this case, MCFA branched off from the posterolateral aspect of the FA, 32 mm distal to the inguinal ligament. A frequency rate of 17–26% has been reported regarding this variation. However, MCFA emerging from the postero-lateral aspect of the FA and its course, as in this case, is not that frequent. Knowledge of anomalies in the emergence and course of the arteries that join the cruciate anastomosis and are important in the arterial supply of the head and neck of the femur appear to be a critical component that requires caution during surgical interventions towards this region

Distribution of Facial Nerve In Parotid Gland: Analysis of 50 Cases

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A rare accessory coracobrachialis muscle: a review of the literature

During previous dissections to investigate the incidence of the third head of the biceps brachii in neonate cadavers an accessory coracobrachialis muscle was unilaterally found in a neonate male cadaver. This muscle originated from the coracoid process and the capsule of the shoulder joint. It was inserted into the antebrachial fascia and the medial epicondyle of the humerus. The coracobrachialis muscle is used as a transposition flap in deformities of infraclavicular and axillary areas and in postmastectomy reconstruction. It is also a guide to the axillary artery during surgery and anesthesia. This additional muscle may cause musculocutaneous or high median nerve paralysis. We were unable to find any similar case in the published literature. The anatomic variations of the coracobrachialis muscle may cause confusion during surgery or evaluation of CT and MRI scans

The shape of the lumbar vertebral canal in newborns

Study Design. This study used geometric measurement criteria to assess the incidence of a trefoil spinal canal configuration in neonates

Anatomic variations of the coracoacromial ligament in neonatal cadavers: A neonatal cadaver study

One of the most common causes of pain and disability in the upper limb is inflammation of the rotator cuff tendons. When no significant bony abnormality exists in the surrounding structures, the coracoacromial ligament has been implicated as a possible cause of impingement on the cuff tendons and various morphological variants of the ligament have so far been claimed to be either the cause or the result of impingement. In this study, 110 shoulders from 60 neonatal cadavers that were preserved in a preparation of formaldehyde were dissected. Anatomic variations of coracoacromial ligaments were investigated with metric and histologic analysis. Three main ligament types were identified: quadrangular, broad band and U-shaped. The multiple banded ligament was not found. Histologic analysis showed that in U-shaped ligaments a thin tissue existed in the central part of the ligament close to the coracoid. Comparing our data with the adult measurements of a previous study we suggest that the primordial ligament is broad shaped, but assumes a quadrangular shape due to the different growth rates of the coracoid and acromial ends. We also suggest that broad and U-shaped ligaments account for the primordial and quadrangular and Y-shaped ligaments account for the adult types of the single or double banded anatomic variants respectively. Our results show that various types of the coracoacromial ligament are present at the neonatal period and that the final shape of the ligament should be defined by developmental factors, rather than degenerative changes. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams wilkins