Concentração de fluoreto em arroz, feijão e alimentos infantis industrializados

OBJETIVO: Determinar a concentração de fluoreto na refeição brasileira típica (arroz e feijão) e em alimentos infantis industrializados e estimar suas contribuições para fluorose dental. MÉTODOS: Os alimentos foram adquiridos de supermercados das cidades de Piracicaba e Campinas, SP, Brasil. Os alimentos infantis industrializados foram comprados em 2001 e o arroz e feijão em 2003, e imediatamente analisados. Foram analisadas três marcas de arroz, três de feijão e 36 amostras de alimentos infantis divididos em cinco grupos: prontos para o consumo; mingaus; alimentos formulados; leites em pó e outros alimentos. No arroz e feijão, foram determinadas as concentrações de fluoreto nas sementes "in natura" e após cozimento com água destilada ou fluoretada (0,7 ppm). Todas as análises de fluoreto foram feitas com eletrodo específico. Considerou-se 0,07 mg/kg/dia como a dose limite de exposição a fluoreto para risco de fluorose. RESULTADOS: A concentração de fluoreto encontrada nos grãos de arroz e feijão foi baixa. Porém, a concentração aumentou 100-200 vezes após cozimento em água fluoretada e mesmo assim, foi menor que a encontrada em alguns alimentos industrializados. Uma refeição com arroz e feijão preparada com água fluoretada seria responsável por 29% da dose limite de ingestão de fluoreto em termos de fluorose aceitável; a contribuição de alguns alimentos industrializados atingiria 45%. CONCLUSÕES: A alimentação típica brasileira, mesmo preparada com água fluoretada, é mais segura em termos de risco de fluorose dental que alguns alimentos infantis industrializados

Eficiencia de la cirugía intrarenal retrograda sin radiación en niños y evaluación de los factores que afectan el éxito quirúrgico

PubMed: 33144539OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors affecting surgical success rates and duration of operation in retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) without fluoroscopy in children. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the efficacy of RIRS without fluoroscopy on the treatment of renal stones in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All RIRS procedures were performed on pediatric patients at our clinic from August 2013 to January 2017. We studied 52 pediatric patients who had one stone in one kidney and under went one session. We mapped the kidney collecting system anatomically, and stone localization was defined according to this mapping. Size and localization of the stone, placement of preoperative J stent, use of ureteral access sheath (UAS), and surgical success rates were recorded. The effects of these factors on surgical success rates and the duration of the operations were analyzed. RESULTS: Each patient underwent RIRS once. Of these 52 pediatric patients, 23 (44%) were between 0-5 years of age children (Group 1), 13 (25%) were between 6-11 years of age children (Group 2), and 16 (31%) were between 11-17 years of age children (Group 3). The surgical success rates for each group were 65%, 77%, and 81%, respectively (73% overall). The surgical success rates were found to be affected only by stone size (p<0.01). The durations of the operations were found to be affected by stone size, stone localization, passive dilatation of ureter, and the application of an UAS (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: RIRS is a safe and effective method for the treatment of intrarenal stones in pediatric patients. High success rates can be achieved using kidney mapping without the use of fluoroscopy.OBJETIVO: Investigar los factores que afectan el éxito quirúrgico y la duración de la cirugía retrógrada intrarenal sin fluoroscopia en niños. El objetivo de este estudio fue demostrar la eficacia de la cirugía retrógrada intrarenal sin fluorosocopia en el tratamiento de litiasis en niños. MÉTODOS: Todos los procedimientos de cirugía retrógrada intrarenal fueron realizados en pacientes pediátricos en nuestra clínica entre agosto 2013 y enero 2017. Estudiamos 52 casos pediátricos con 1 litiasis en 1 riñón y recibieron una sesión. Marcamos el sistema colector renal y la litiasis se definió según ese marcaje. El tamaño y la localización de la piedra, colocación preoperatoria del doble J, la vaina de acceso y la tasa de éxito quirúrgico fueron reportadas. Los efectos de estos factores en el éxito quirúrgico y la duración de las cirugías fueron analizados. RESULTADOS: Cada paciente recibió cirugía retrógrada una vez. De éstos 52 pacientes pediátricos, 23 (44%) tenían entre 0 y 5 años (grupo 1), 12 (25%) entre 6 y 11 años (grupo 2), 16 (31%) entre11 y 17 años (Grupo 3). El éxito quirúrgico en cada grupo fue de 65%, 77% y 81% respectivamente (73% en general). El éxito quirúrgico se vió afectado sólo por el tamaño de la litiasis (p<0,01). La duración de las cirugías se vió afectada por el tamaño de la litiasis, localización de la litiasis, dilatación pasiva del uréter, y uso de la vaina de acceso (p<0,05).CONCLUSIÓN: La cirugía intrarenal retrógrada es segura y efectiva en el tratamiento de litiasis intrarenales en el paciente pediátrico. Altas tasas de éxito se consiguen con el mapeo renal sin fluoroscopia

WATER DISINFECTION WITH ADVANCED METHODS: SUCCESSIVE AND HYBRID APPLICATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL COLUMN WITH SILVER, ULTRASOUND AND UV RADIATION

The disinfection process is of great importance to the water supply to prevent diseases spread by water. Due to its negative impacts on human health, the number of studies conducted on disinfection systems alternative to chlorination and similar traditional methods has been increased. Successive and hybrid systems that are highly efficient in inactivating the pathogenic microorganisms that may be present in water are being developed. In this study, the disinfection efficiency of the antibacterial filled column, ultrasonic reactor and UV reactor that we developed was increased by the successive and hybrid usage of the methods when Escherichia coli bacteria were used to detect the disinfection efficiency of the systems. In single disinfection studies, bacterial inactivation efficiency occurred in UV process was higher than antibacterial column and also, efficiency occurred in antibacterial column was higher than ultrasonic reactor. Triple hybrid usage of these systems resulted in an 8 log microbial inactivation reducing single treatment disadvantages of these systems. Furthermore, the flow speed and temperature effect were examined during the studies, and it was observed that the temperature had a positive effect on the hybrid system