Serialization in Object-Oriented Programming Languages

This chapter depicts the process of converting object state into a format that can be transmitted or stored in currently used object-oriented programming languages. This process is called serialization (marshaling); the opposite is called deserialization (unmarshalling) processes. It is a low-level technique, and several technical issues should be considered like endianness, size of memory representation, representation of numbers, object references, recursive object connections and others. In this chapter we discuss these issues and give them solutions. We also include a short review of tools currently used, and we showed that meeting all requirements is not possible. Finally, we presented a new C++ library that supports forward compatibility

Poznańska uniwersytecka pedagogika na „Tajnym” Uniwersytecie Ziem Zachodnich w Warszawie (1940-1945)

Introduction. During the Second World War, besides the fact that Poznan University stayed closed, Poznan University pedagogy was continuing its didactic, research and organizational activities under the „Secret” University of the Western Lands (UZZ) in Warsaw, which was set up in 1940-1945. In the UZZ structure, there was the Department of Humanistic Studies with a pedagogy section.  Research Aim. It is the trial to reconstruct the history of Poznan University pedagogy at UZZ in Warsaw. The short characteristic of secret teaching during the Second World War was done. The circumstances of UZZ origin were shown as well as its organizational and human structure, and pedagogical classes activities under  the Department of Humanistic Studies. The aim is the trial to fill the academic gap, which is the beginning to further, deepened research and analyses. Evidence-based Facts.  There is some information in the related literature connected with the University of the Western Lands in Warsaw but there is no analysis of Poznan educators who supported the secret University in Warsaw with their organizational, didactic and research activities. Summary. Poznan University pedagogy in the structures of  University of the Western Lands  could continue interwar traditions of pedagogical training thanks to Ludwik Jaxa-Bykowski who was the UZZ co-creator and organizer, and who was the head of the Department of Pedagogy and Teaching at Poznan University between 1927 and 1933. Marian Wachowski is mentioned as well. He came from Poznan educators and supported the Department of Humanistic Studies activity. Wprowadzenie. Poznańska uniwersytecka pedagogika w okresie II wojny światowej, mimo zamknięcia Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego, kontynuowała swoją działalność dydaktyczną, badawczą i organizacyjną w ramach powołanego „Tajnego” Uniwersytetu Ziem Zachodnich (UZZ) w Warszawie, w latach 1940-1945. To w jego strukturze mieścił się Wydział Humanistyczny z sekcją pedagogiczną. Cel badań. To próba rekonstrukcji dziejów poznańskiej uniwersyteckiej pedagogiki na UZZ w Warszawie. Dokonano krótkiej charakterystyki tajnego nauczania w okresie II wojny światowej. Przedstawiono okoliczności powstania UZZ, jego funkcjonowanie, strukturę organizacyjną i kadrową oraz działalność kompletu pedagogicznego, funkcjonującego w ramach Wydziału Humanistycznego. Celem artykułu jest zatem próba wypełnienia naukowej luki, będąca przyczynkiem dla dalszych, pogłębionych badań i analiz. Stan wiedzy. Literatura przedmiotu zawiera informacje dotyczące Uniwersytetu Ziem Zachodnich w Warszawie jednakże brakuje analizy poznańskiego środowiska pedagogów, którzy swym działaniem organizatorskim, dydaktycznym, badawczym, wsparli powstający w Warszawie tajny Uniwersytet.  Podsumowanie. Poznańska uniwersytecka pedagogika w strukturach Uniwersytetu Ziem Zachodnich mogła kontynuować międzywojenne tradycje pedagogicznego kształcenia dzięki zaangażowaniu Ludwika Jaxa-Bykowskiego, współtwórcy i organizatora UZZ, który w latach 1927-1933 kierował Katedrą Pedagogiki i Dydaktyki na Uniwersytecie Poznańskim. To także postać Mariana Wachowskiego, wywodzącego się ze poznańskiego środowiska pedagogów, który także wsparł działalność Wydziału Humanistycznego.

Typical variant of takotsubo cardiomyopathy in oncological patients : two case reports and review of the literature

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) represents an acute systolic left ventricular dysfunction typically triggered by severe psychological or physical stress. Oncological patients due to emotional distress of the diagnosis, proinflammatory and prothrombotic nature of cancer and also physical stress often following complex anticancer therapies are at high-risk of TCM. Moreover, there are also few reports of TCM associated with oncological treatment, mostly chemotherapy. Recent data from large registries indicate a surprisingly high incidence of malignancy in TCM, significant differences in clinical characteristics and unfavorable short- and long-term clinical outcomes in this specific group of patients. Therefore, we present two case reports of TCM that occurred during active anticancer therapy. Both women were admitted with suspicion of acute coronary syndrome. The first patient underwent mastectomy two years before due to hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and on admission she was during adjuvant hormonotherapy with tamoxifen. The admission of the second patient was preceded by fifteen fractions of adjuvant external beam radiotherapy due to intermediate-risk endometrial cancer after radical hysterectomy. Based on coronary angiography type I of acute coronary syndrome was excluded. Both patients negated stressful situations in the period immediately before the symptoms onset. Within hospital course baseline apical ballooning observed in both cases fully recovered and enabled subsequent completion of oncological treatment in accordance with adopted treatment protocols without recurrence of TCM. To our knowledge, presented cases are the first reports showing direct relationship between TCM and adjuvant hormonotherapy with tamoxifen or pelvic radiotherapy

The role of artificial nutrition in gynecological cancer therapy

Cancer patients are at risk of developing malnutrition from underlying disease as well as from cancer treatment. Moreover, weight loss is considered as a predictive factor for disease progression and shorter survival time. As many as 10–20% of patients with cancer die from the results of malnutrition, instead of from the cancer itself. In the case of cancer-related malnutrition, it is necessary to quickly implement individualized nutritional support depending on the type and stage of the disease, metabolic changes, the patient’s condition, expected survival and the function of the gastrointestinal tract. Artificial nutrition reduces the side effects of chemotherapy and improves immunity. Perioperatively it reduces the risk of infection, facilitates wound healing and shortens the length of hospitalization, thereby reducing the costs of the treat- ment. Initially, a malnourished patient, without gastrointestinal dysfunction, qualifies for nutritional counseling. When the energy needs cannot be met by normal feeding, nutritional supplements, taken orally, are recommended. The next step is to feed the patient by nasogastric tube or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. Parenteral nutrition, which results in more side effects, is only started when enteral nutrition is insufficient to ensure adequate nutritional status or in cases of gastrointestinal tract obstruction. The benefit of parenteral nutrition is that it especially provides for those patients with gynaecological cancer who have radiation-induced intestinal damage and post-surgical complications such as short bowel syndrome. Palliative nutrition must to relieve hunger and thirst. Nutritional interventions should be individualized and focused on the changing nutrient needs of the patient and should be supported by physical activity. Regular assessment of the nutritional status of the patient should be an inherent element of the oncological treatment.

The wolf can never be satiated : entrepreneurialuniversities, commercialisation of research and university-business cooperation

The article is a critique of the entrepreneurial university model. Its first thesis states the academia cannot be regarded as an element of the industry supply chain. The second thesis deals with an issue of double funding: the very process of commercialisation of research is based on funding of private and thus commercial enterprises with public resources. Unlike many writings on this subject, it’s not the article’s aim to defend an academic knowledge community in its traditional mode. Drawing on selected private-public partnership models, the authors reveal the history of entrepreneurial university concept: its legal and political origin, as well as basic presumptions. In the following analysis they describe and test its utility on its own terms

CHARACTERISTICS OF Al-Fe SINTERS MADE BY THE POWDER METALLURGY ROUTE

The Al/Fe material was prepared by the powder metallurgy route with an additional intermediate stage which was a centrifuge of powder mixture. The application of the centrifuge stage was applied to obtain circular phase distribution of Al-rich phases in a sintered material. Iron powder with a particle size under 100 μm and aluminum powder with a particle size of about 25 μm, were used as starting materials. To determine the effect of centrifuging time on the distribution of Fe-Al particles, scanning electron microscopy (SEM, EDS) and XRD techniques were used. Microstructure observations show the influence of the centrifuging time on the distribution of Fe particles. It was observed that a longer centrifuging time caused changes in the ratio concentration of elements and allowed the growth of the intermetallic phase at the interface between solid Al and Fe particles

Determination of Chemical Diffusion Coefficient of Lithium Ions in Ceramics Derived from Pyrolysed Poly(1,2-dimethylsilazane) and Starch

AbstractThe apparent chemical diffusion coefficient Li+ (DappLI+) in pyrolysed poly(1,2-dimethylsilazane)/starch (PSN/S) (weight ratio: 30/70) ceramic anode composite is determined by galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT). The electrode material composition is C6.00N0.14H0.47O0.12Si0.13. The calculated values of DappLI+, depend on the applied potential, vary from 10-14 to 10-9 [cm2/s]. The diffusion coefficient of lithium ions calculated in this work are similar with the values reported by other authors for carbonaceous anodes