196 research outputs found

    Моделирование трехмерных пористых иерархических материалов, организованных посредством самосборки наносфер

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    The article considers possibilities of using modeling fo r the development of two promising areas of modern nanomaterials, i. e.  materials with a hierarchy of pores organized hierarchical self- assembly and hierarchical structures with nanoporous elements. The  pore size of hierarchical structures was estimated by means of quasi- two-dimensional projection of three-dimensional deterministic fractal Julien aggregate. Three-dimensional modeling of hierarchical  structures organized by means of nanosphere self-assembly was conducted in the Autodesk 3ds Max environment. The article provides analysis of dependences of porosity, density, specific  surface area of fractal structures on the size of aggregates (with the  appearance of new pore levels of hierarchical materials),  dependences of the porosity change in the case of replacement of primary identical spherical particles on porous spheres.Рассмотрены возможности применения моделирования для развития двух перспективных направлений современного наноматериаловедения: материалов с иерархией пор, собранных посредством иерархической самосборки, а также иерархических структур из нанопористых  элементов. С использованием квазидвумерной проекции трехмерного детерминированного  фрактального агрегата Жюльена оценен размер пор в иерархических структурах. Трехмерное  моделирование иерархических структур, организованных посредством самосборки наносфер,  проведено в среде Autodesk 3ds Max. Проанализированы зависимости пористости, плотности,  удельной площади поверхности фрактальных структур от размеров агрегатов (при  возникновении новых уровней пор иерархических материалов), а также изменения пористости при замене первичных идентичных сферических частиц на пористые сферы

    Дифференциация и субпопуляционный состав VEGFR2+ моноцитов крови и костного мозга при ишемической кардиомиопатии

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    Aim. To identify disturbances of differentiation and subpopulation composition of VEGFR2+ cells in the blood and bone marrow associated with the features of the cytokine profile in the blood and bone marrow in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) with and without ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM).Materials and methods. The study included 74 patients with СAD with and without ICM (30 and 44 people, respectively) and 18 healthy donors. In all patients with СAD, peripheral blood sampling was performed immediately before coronary artery bypass grafting, and bone marrow samples were taken during the surgery via a sternal incision. In the healthy donors, only peripheral blood sampling was performed. In the bone marrow and blood samples, the number of VEGFR2+ cells (CD14+VEGFR2+ cells) and their immunophenotypes CD14++CD16-VEGFR2+, CD14++CD16+VEGFR2+, CD14+CD16++VEGFR2+, and CD14+CD16-VEGFR2+ was determined by flow cytometry. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the levels of VЕGF-А, TNFα, M-CSF, and IL-13, as well as the content of MCP-1 (only in the blood) and the M-CSF / IL-13 ratio (only in the bone marrow) were determined.Results. The content of CD14+VEGFR2+ cells in the blood of CAD patients with and without ICM was higher than normal values due to the greater number of CD14++CD16-VEGFR2+, CD14++CD16+VEGFR2+, and CD14+CD16++VEGFR2+. In the bone marrow of the patients with ICM, the content of CD14++CD16-VEGFR2+, CD14+CD16++VEGFR2+, and CD14+CD16-VEGFR2+ was lower than in patients with CAD without ICM, and the number of CD14++CD16+VEGFR2+ cells corresponded to that in the controls. Regardless of the presence of ICM in CAD, a high concentration of TNFα and normal levels of VEGF-A and IL-13 were observed in the blood. In CAD without ICM, an excess of MCP-1 and deficiency of M-CSF were revealed in the blood. In the bone marrow, the levels of VEGF-A, TNFα, M-CSF, and IL-13 were comparable between the groups of patients against the background of a decrease in the M-CSF / IL-13 ratio in the patients with ICM.Conclusion. Unlike CAD without cardiomyopathy, in ICM, no excess of VEGFR2+ cells and MCP-1 in the blood is observed, which hinders active migration of CD14+CD16++VEGFR2+ cells from the myeloid tissue, and a decrease in the M-CSF / IL-13 ratio in the bone marrow disrupts differentiation of other forms of VEGFR2+ cells, preventing vascular repair.Цель: установить нарушения дифференцировки и субпопуляционного состава VEGFR2+ моноцитов в крови и костном мозге во взаимосвязи с особенностями цитокинового профиля крови и костного мозга у больных ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС), страдающих и не страдающих ишемической кардиомиопатией (ИКМП).Материалы и методы. В исследование вошли 74 больных ИБС, страдающих и не страдающих ИКМП (30 и 44 человека соответственно), и 18 здоровых доноров. У всех больных ИБС забор периферической крови производился непосредственно перед операцией коронарного шунтирования, а костного мозга – из разреза грудины во время операции. У здоровых доноров забирали только периферическую кровь.  В костном мозге и крови методом проточной цитофлуориметрии определяли численность VEGFR2+ моноцитов (CD14+VЕGFR2+ клеток) и их иммунофенотипов CD14++CD16-VEGFR2+, CD14++CD16+VEGFR2+, CD14+CD16++VEGFR2+, CD14+CD16-VEGFR2+, методом иммуноферментного анализа регистрировали концентрацию VЕGF-А, TNFα, M-CSF, IL-13, а также содержание MCP-1 (только в крови) и соотношение M-CSF/IL-13 (только в костном мозге).Результаты. Содержание CD14+VEGFR2+ клеток в крови у больных ИБС без кардиомиопатии и с ИКМП было выше нормы из-за большей численности CD14++CD16-VEGFR2+, CD14++CD16+VEGFR2+ и CD14+CD16++VEGFR2+ форм. В костном мозге у больных ИКМП содержание CD14++CD16-VEGFR2+, CD14+CD16++VEGFR2+ и CD14+CD16-VEGFR2+ форм было ниже, чем у больных ИБС без кардиомиопатии, а количество CD14++CD16+VEGFR2+ клеток соответствовало их числу в группе сравнения. Вне зависимости от наличия ИКМП при ИБС в крови отмечалась высокая концентрация TNFα, нормальный уровень VEGF-А и IL-13; при ИБС без кардиомиопатии – избыток МСР-1 и дефицит M-CSF в крови. В костном мозге концентрация VЕGF-А, TNFα, M-CSF, IL-13 была сопоставимой между группами больных на фоне снижения M-CSF/IL-13 у пациентов с ИКМП.Заключение. В отличие от ИБС без кардиомиопатии при ИКМП не формируется избыток VEGFR2+ моноцитов и МСР-1 в крови, что затрудняет активную миграцию CD14+CD16++VEGFR2+ клеток из миелоидной ткани, а снижение M-CSF/IL-13 в костном мозге нарушает дифференцировку остальных форм VEGFR2+ моноцитов, препятствуя репарации сосудов

    Molecular Genetic Analysis of the Complete Genome of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus (Siberia Subtype): Modern Kolarovo-2008 Isolate

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    Determined is the complete genome sequence of Kolarovo-2008 strain (Siberia subtype) of Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), isolated from a tick in the suburbs of the Tomsk city. Nucleotide sequence analysis testifies of the fact that the level of genetic differences within the Siberian subtype of TBEV amounts to 10 % of the nucleotide sequence and to 7 % of amino-acid sequence for certain virus genes. 3'-HTO of the genome of Siberian subtype has the highest rate of variability and the homology level ranging from 65 to 97 %. Kolarovo-2008 and Vasilchenko (isolated in Novosibirsk in 1969) strains have the highest level of genome homology. The level of dissimilarity between the two Tomsk strains is substantially higher: the total number of amino-acid substitutions in Tomsk Zausaev and Kolarovo-2008 strains equals to 124, and 3'HTO level of homology is 79 %. Identified genetic variability of the Siberian subtype of TBEV is of a great importance for further development and enhancement of tick-borne encephalitis virus diagnostics

    Роль IL-23 в развитии Th17-лимфоцитов у пациентов с туберкулезом легких

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    The objective: to evaluate the role of IL-23 in the development of Th17 lymphocytes in patients with different clinical and pathogenetic forms of pulmonary tuberculosis.Subjects and Methods. 165 pulmonary tuberculosis patients were examined. Venous blood was used for tests. Mononuclear leukocytes were isolated by centrifugation and monocytes were extracted and transformed into dendritic cells. The concentration of IL-23 in the supernatants of culture suspensions of dendritic cells was determined by ELISA. Immunophenotyping of Th17 lymphocytes (CD4+CD161+IL-17A+ cells) was performed by flow cytometry. Real-time PCR was used to determine the expression of the RORC2 transcription factor gene in lymphocytes.Results. In patients with infiltrative drug susceptible and drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis against the background of normal production of IL-23 by dendritic cells, an increase in blood level of Th17 lymphocytes and the level of mRNA of the RORC2 transcription factor gene was registered. The course of disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis (regardless of drug susceptibility and resistance) is associated with pronounced decrease in the concentration of IL-23 in vitro and the absence of response from Th17 lymphocytes.Цель исследования: оценить роль IL-23 в развитии Th17-лимфоцитов у пациентов с различными клинико-патогенетическими вариантами туберкулеза легких.Материалы и методы. Обследовано 165 пациентов с туберкулезом легких (ТБЛ). Материалом для исследования являлась венозная кровь. Центрифугированием выделяли мононуклеарные лейкоциты и осуществляли экстракцию моноцитов и их трансформацию в дендритные клетки. Твердофазным иммуноферментным методом определяли концентрацию IL-23 в супернатантах культуральных суспензий дендритных клеток. Методом проточной цитофлуориметрии проводили иммунофенотипирование Th17-лимфоцитов (CD4+CD161+IL-17A+ клеток). Методом ПЦР в режиме реального времени определяли экспрессию гена транскрипционного фактора RORC2 в лимфоцитах.Результаты. У пациентов с инфильтративным лекарственно-чувствительным и лекарственно-устойчивым ТБЛ на фоне нормопродукции IL-23 дендритными клетками регистрируется повышение содержания Th17-лимфоцитов в крови и уровня мРНК гена транскрипционного фактора этих клеток – RORC2. Течение диссеминированного ТБЛ (вне зависимости от лекарственной чувствительности возбудителя) сопровождается выраженным снижением концентрации IL-23 in vitro и отсутствием реакции со стороны Th17-лимфоцитов

    Estímulo no crescimento e na hidrólise de ATP em raízes de alface tratadas com humatos de vermicomposto: i - efeito da concentração.

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    O vermicomposto contém uma concentração elevada de substâncias húmicas e já é bem conhecido o efeito do seu uso sobre as propriedades do solo. No entanto,a ação direta das substâncias húmicas sobre o metabolismo das plantas é menos conhecida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de humatos extraídos de vermicomposto de esterco de curral com KOH 0,1 mol L-1 sobre o desenvolvimento e metabolismo de ATP em plântulas de alface. Após a germinação, plântulas de alface foram tratadas com os humatos em concentrações que variaram de 0 a 100 mg L-1 de C, durante quinze dias. Foram avaliados o crescimento da raiz e a atividade das bombas de H+ isoladas da fração microssomal do sistema radicular. Foi observado aumento na matéria fresca e seca do sistema radicular, bem como no número de sítios de mitose, raízes emergidas do eixo principal, na área e no comprimento radiculares, com o uso do humato na concentração de 25 mg L-1 de C. Também foi observado, nessa concentração, aumento significativo na hidrólise de ATP pelas bombas de H+, responsáveis pela geração de energia necessária à absorção de íons e pelo crescimento celular

    Circulation of Lyssaviruses (Lyssavirus) among the Small Mammals in the Territory of the Republic of Guinea

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    Objective is to study the role of small mammals, habitant in the Republic of Guinea, in Lyssavirus circulation. Materials and methods. Investigations were conducted using RT-PCR; nucleotide sequence of Lyssavirus cDNA fragments was identified with the help of sequencing with further phylogenetic analysis. Results and conclusions. Tested have been 356 brain samples from small mammals for the presence of Lyssavirus RNA using RT-PCR with genus-specific primers. The animals were caught in the suburbs of Kindia city in 2016. The samples were obtained from wild animals pertaining to Rodentia, Chiroptera, Eulipotyphla, and Carnivora orders.Lyssavirus RNA was detected in 31 samples (8.7 %). For 14 PCR positive samples the appurtenance to Lyssavirus was confirmed through identification and analysis of nucleotide sequences of the collected short cDAN fragments of viral genome. The presence of rabies virus RNA in positive tests was excluded from PCR with the help of species specific primers. The pool of samples from black rats, Rattus rattus, positive for Lyssavirus RNA, contained RNA characteristic of Mokola lyssavirus species. Specified has been nucleotide sequence of matrix protein M gene fragment of Mokola virus. Genetic material of Mokola virus was detected in the Republic of Guinea for the first time ever

    A 300-year record of sedimentation in a small tilled catena in Hungary based on δ13C, δ15N, and C/N distribution

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    Purpose Soil erosion is one of the most serious hazards that endanger sustainable food production. Moreover, it has marked effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) with direct links to global warming. At the same time, soil organic matter (SOM) changes in composition and space could influence these processes. The aim of this study was to predict soil erosion and sedimentation volume and dynamics on a typical hilly cropland area of Hungary due to forest clearance in the early eighteenth century. Materials and methods Horizontal soil samples were taken along two parallel intensively cultivated complex convex-concave slopes from the eroded upper parts at mid-slope positions and from sedimentation in toe-slopes. Samples were measured for SOC, total nitrogen (TN) content, and SOMcompounds (δ13C, δ15N, and photometric indexes). They were compared to the horizons of an in situ non-eroded profile under continuous forest. On the depositional profile cores, soil depth prior to sedimentation was calculated by the determination of sediment thickness. Results and discussion Peaks of SOC in the sedimentation profiles indicated thicker initial profiles, while peaks in C/N ratio and δ13C distribution showed the original surface to be ~ 20 cm lower. Peaks of SOC were presumed to be the results of deposition of SOC-enriched soil from the upper slope transported by selective erosion of finer particles (silts and clays). Therefore, changes in δ13C values due to tillage and delivery would fingerprint the original surface much better under the sedimentation scenario than SOC content. Distribution of δ13C also suggests that the main sedimentation phase occurred immediately after forest clearance and before the start of intense cultivation with maize. Conclusions This highlights the role of relief in sheet erosion intensity compared to intensive cultivation. Patterns of δ13C indicate the original soil surface, even in profiles deposited as sediment centuries ago. The δ13C and C/N decrease in buried in situ profiles had the same tendency as recent forest soil, indicating constant SOM quality distribution after burial. Accordingly, microbiological activity, root uptake, and metabolism have not been effective enough to modify initial soil properties

    Антигенные свойства изолята коронавируса SARS-CoV-2/human/RUS/Nsk-FRCFTM-1/202, выделенного от пациента в Новосибирске

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    Objective: isolation of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 from clinical sample of patient with COVID-19 in Novosibirsk; obtaining a purified and inactivated viral antigen and study of its antigenic properties. Materials and methods: virus isolation was carried out in Vero cell culture from nasopharyngeal swab positive on SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The efficiency of SARSCoV-2 replication in cell culture was assessed on the appearance of cytopathic effect (CPE) and the presence of viral RNA in cultural medium with reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Purification, concentration and inactivation of the viral preparation were carried out according to standard methods. The purity of the purified preparation and the profile of viral proteins were determined by electrophoresis in 10% polyacrylamide gel (PAG) with the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The presence and specificity of viral proteins were detected using COVID-19 convalescent’s sera with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting. Results: SARS-CoV-2/human/ RUS/Nsk-FRCFTM-1/2020 isolate was obtained after passage on Vero cells from a virus-containing clinical sample. A purified, concentrated, inactivated, whole-virion antigen was obtained. It contains three structural proteins: glycoprotein S (approximately 200 kDa), nucleoprotein N (48 kDa), and matrix protein M (20-25 kDa). All viral proteins were detected with serum antibodies of COVID-19 convalescents. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus can be isolated in Vero cell culture. The antigenic specificity of the three structural viral proteins (S, N, and M) is preserved in the purified inactivated viral preparation. The inactivated whole-virion antigen of SARS-CoV-2/human/RUS/Nsk-FRCFTM-1/2020 isolate can be used to study the antigenic immunomodulating properties of viral proteins, to obtain immune sera of laboratory animals, and also as a component of test systems for the detection of specific antibodies with ELISA and immunoblotting.Цель: изоляция коронавируса SARS-CoV-2 из образцов носоглоточных мазков, положительных на наличие РНК SARS-CoV-2, получение инактивированного цельновирионного антигена и изучение его антигенных свойств. Материалы и методы: изоляцию вируса проводили на культуре клеток Vero из вируссодержащего образца клинического материала (мазок из носоглотки). Эффективность репликации вируса SARS-CoV-2 на культуре клеток оценивали по динамике появления цитопатического действия и наличию вирусной РНК при анализе культуральной жидкости методом обратной транскрипции – полимеразной цепной реакции. Очистку, концентрацию и инактивацию вирусного препарата проводили по стандартной методике. Степень чистоты очищенного препарата и профиль вирусных белков определяли методом электрофореза в 10% полиакриламидном геле с добавлением додецилсульфата натрия. Наличие и специфичность вирусных белков выявляли с помощью сывороток крови реконвалесцентов с диагнозом «COVID-19» методами иммуноферментного анализа и иммуноблоттинга. Результаты: из вируссодержащего клинического образца был выделен изолят SARS-CoV-2/human/RUS/ Nsk-FRCFTM-1/2020 и получен очищенный, концентрированный, инактивированный цельновирионный антиген, содержащий три структурных белка – гликопротеин S (примерно 200 кДа), нуклеопротеин N (48 кДа) и матриксный М (20-25 кДа), выявляемые антителами сывороток крови реконвалесцентов с диагнозом COVID-19. Заключение: показана возможность изоляции коронавируса SARS-CoV-2 на культуре клеток Vero. В очищенном вирусном препарате, инактивированном в лизирующем растворе, сохраняется антигенная специфичность трех структурных вирусных белков (S, N, и М), выявляемых антителами сывороток крови реконвалесцентов с диагнозом COVID-19. Инактивированный цельновирионный антиген изолята SARS-CoV-2/human/ RUS/Nsk-FRCFTM-1/2020 может быть использован для изучения антигенных иммуномодулирующих свойств вирусных белков, получения иммунных сывороток лабораторных животных, а также в качестве компонента тест-систем для выявления специфичных антител методом ИФА и иммуноблоттинга
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